Cattle used for meat production can be held outside all year round and due to the legislation they should have access to shelters or other buildings for protection against the elements giving them a dry and clean bedding. There are different opinions concerning their need of protection and the question about necessity of shelters for cattle is of current interest due to a less profitable economy in meat production and the investment costs for shelters. The aim of this study was to acquire more knowledge about the natural behaviour of cattle concerning their use of shelters. The basis of the study was a series of questions regarding when animals choose to stay in shelters, if shelters were used less when they had access to protecting vegetation, how temperature and weather conditions affected the use of shelters and the influence of distance between shelter and feed. Behavioural studies was conducted at five different farms where six groups of suckler cows and heifers of following breeds and crossbreeds were observed; Aberdeen Angus, Charolais, Hereford, Scottish Highland Cattle, Simmental and the Swedish breeds SKB and SRB.

Sapa Heat Transfer is a company that produces aluminum heat-exchanger strips for the automotive industry. Sapa Heat Transfer wish to chart their emissions of carbon dioxide in order to meet future demands on carbon dioxide reporting. They also would like to examine the meaning of the term ?green electricity? which is marketed as carbon dioxide free, and the sort of electricity that they purchase. This report includes both direct (liquefied petroleum gas and diesel) and indirect (water, process-water, long distance heating, waste) emissions from their company.

The aim of this paper is to describe how to measure welfare effect of the deregulation and increased competition of the public transport by railway in Sweden. The paper also includes a numerical example of how to measure the welfare effect. In our study we use public data from SJ regaring quantity and ticket prices for the period 1996 - 2005. We have used equivalent variation, EV, as the method to measure the welfare effect. We demonstrate how to derive the equation to calculate EV by starting with a Marschallian demand function.

Allt större och större andel företag väljer att presentera och förmedla varor och tjänster via e-handel. En viktig aspekt vid e-handel är att kunden känner förtroende för e-handelsapplikationen och företaget. Denna rapport redogör för vilken inverkan multimediala inslag har för förtroendet av en e-handelsapplikation, vid initialt användande. En undersökning har genomförts med hjälp av en kooperativ utvärdering av fyra e-handelsapplikationer vilka innehåller olika typer av multimediala inslag har.Resultatet av undersökningen visar att multimediala inslag inverkar positivt på förtroendet för e-handelsapplikationer. Däremot finns indikationer på att för hög grad av multimedialt inslag inverkar negativt på förtroendet för e-handelsapplikationer..

The reason behind this essay has been to study if previous research is relevant for Jehovah?s Witnesses in Sweden and see if secularization has affected the organization or not. The empirical material is made from two qualitative group- interviews and open observations during two meetings in the Kingdom Hall. These studies were performed in Oskarshamn and Mönsterås during the month of February. The reason that these studies have been limited to Oskarshamn and Mönsterås is mainly because they were the only ones willing to do an interview.  According to previous research by James A.

This study aims to analyse the Swedish Armed Forces website. Through a content analysis with a gender- and organisational culture perspective the study attempts to see how the Swedish Armed Forces portrays women and men. The Swedish Armed Forces is one of the strongest masculine gender coded organisations in our time. Distance caused by gender roles between women and men has been a problem within the organisation, and at the same time they have expectation?s from the society to alter these problems.

The integration of the Internet in our society has shaped alot of the things we do in our lives. The Web allows us to achieve certain things directly through our computers, such as reading the paper and paying our bills. But this integration has also lead to another interesting change. Activists have begun to unload their operations onto the Net instead of holding on to the more traditional demonstrations performed in squares. This study aims to look into the world of cyberactivism and examine how cyberactivists experience the way activism has changed as a result of using the Internet.

Instrumental conditioning, the use of reinforcement and punishment, is used when training horses and these procedures may have different consequences regarding animal welfare. The aim of this study was to investigate what kind of reinforcers that are used in training horses and when these reinforcers are used. This study has its focus on positive reinforcement and its advantages and disadvantages. Interviews of five A-level and B -level equestrian coaches about their training methods were conducted to complement the literature search and give a greater understanding to why certain methods are used or not in training horses. The results show that negative reinforcement seems to be the foundation of training horses whereas positive reinforcement is used but not to the same extent.

Today Scania give a high priority to the continuous improvements on the quality of their vehicles. To follow up the flaws in product quality, which are recognized by the repairs at the local workshops, material requests are carried through to be able to analyze the defects at the plant in Södertälje ? in purpose to improve the product quality. The material requests are also carried through to compensate the workshop for their expenses and to check that they are working according to the company?s warranty manual.Due to local routines and different distribution structures at the different markets the lead times and the costs caused by the flow of material are hard to estimate.

Syfte ? Huvudsyftet med denna studie är att granska olika företags miljöredovisning, dess innehåll och omfattning, vilka deras huvudsakliga intressenter är samt hur de utformas.Metod ? Studien är av kvalitativ natur och inleds med en undersökning av såväl äldre som aktuell forskning rörande Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) och miljöredovisning. Detta följs av en granskning av 30 företags årsredovisningar samt, då det finns, CSR- och miljöredovisningar. Det har också utförts semistrukturerade intervjuer med tio personer ansvariga för miljöredovisningen i sina respektive företag.Företagen är indelade efter branscher; anläggning och transport, samt efter storlek; små, mellan och stora företag beroende på deras årliga omsättning.Resultat ? Ett något förvånande resultat som framkommit är det stora kundfokus som finns i miljöredovisningen hos små och medelstora (SME) företag något som förklarats i intervjuer med att detta ofta är business to business (B2B) företag och som sådana har de som regel endast ett fåtal men stora kunder som de lägger sitt fokus på och samarbetar med i framställningen av redovisningen.De stora företagen är mer inriktade på stordriftsfördelarna då de har för många kunder och andra intressenter för att kunna presentera personliga redovisningar till alla.

Detta examensarbete är utfört i samarbete mellan Centrum för högpresterande stål (CHS) på Luleå tekniska universitet samt Scancon Industrimontage AB. Syftet med arbetet har varit att konstruera en portabel bro för fyrhjulingar som kan tillverkas av Scancon i deras verkstad med befintliga maskiner. Arbetet innefattar hela kedjan i en produktutveckling med start i behovsanalys och idégenerering och slut i en färdig produkt redo för serietillverkning. Under konstruktionen har Siemens NX6 används för modellering samt LS-DYNA för hållfasthetsanalyser. Projektet resulterade i en teleskopisk brobalk tillverkad i 1 mm tjock höghållfast plåt.

This study is about female leadership. The purpose was to gain a better insight to qualities female managers in public sector assume they need to make an enjoyable leadership. We were also interested in finding out what they think is the joy and amusement in the leadership and how they consider responsibility and authority. We used a qualitative method interviewing female leaders at their work. In our analysis of the data we have looked for pattern and key words in a qualitative way.

Today's climate and environmental issues have now been up for discussion for quite long. Various environmental measures have been taken, but it is not always certain that those measures actually are for the better because of the complexity of our environment. Therefore, studies of whole life cycles are very important even if they are time and resource intensive.Real estate accounts for 15% of global carbon emissions, but also affects our environment in many other aspects. In Sweden this number is even higher. About 30 % of its carbon dioxide emissions originates from building sector and changes are therefore of great importance.

The waveform of a radar signal affects the resolution in velocity and distance. The ambiguity function is used as an aid for analysing narrow band radar signals simultaneously in time and frequency. An analysing tool for wide band radar signals is missing.This thesis describes a generalised ambiguity function to be utilised for study of wide band signals. Waveforms are further synthesised with help of the developed analysing tool. The aim is to start with a certain ambiguity function and find a waveform that reproduces the same ambiguity function.Mathematical formulas are presented and implemented in Matlab to produce the wide band ambiguity function.

Today's climate and environmental issues have now been up for discussion for quite long. Various environmental measures have been taken, but it is not always certain that those measures actually are for the better because of the complexity of our environment. Therefore, studies of whole life cycles are very important even if they are time and resource intensive.Real estate accounts for 15% of global carbon emissions, but also affects our environment in many other aspects. In Sweden this number is even higher. About 30 % of its carbon dioxide emissions originates from building sector and changes are therefore of great importance.