Female growth, number of eggs and egg growth of Daphnia pulex were studied at four temperatures, 12, 16, 18 and 20°C. I hypothesized that female growth and number of eggs would be lower and the size of the eggs larger in the presence of a predator (kairomones) than in its absence. This effect was expected to be more evident at lower temperatures. I could not find any effect of kairomones on female growth, number of eggs or egg size, although there was a weak tendency for an effect on number of eggs. There was, however, an effect of temperature, regardless of predator treatment (i.

This report describes what wireless local area networks are and the use and configuration of them. These WLAN as they also are called can be used both in new installations and expansion of existing networks. Further on this report reveals security in this area. Security is incredible important in all networks not at least wireless because you don?t have to be in the environment physically to get the information, you only have to be in the coverage area that can be several hundred meters.

Ångermanland has at the last five years lost 420 hockey players. This is a qualitative study that focus on investigating the main problems of dropouts among young hockey players and how ice hockey associations in Ångermanland act to find solutions to the problem. The main questions of the study are: How can the dropout problems in Ångermanland be understood or explained in terms of youth operators' perspective and what are the potential strategies that the ice hockey associations are using to deal with the dropout problem and what approaches to youth hockey is reflected in the youth operators' statements? The study was based on semi-structure interviews with 6 different ice hockey sports clubs in Ångermanland. The results showed that the leadership programs ought to be more educational, and more oriented toward understanding the children instead of mainly technical learning objectives about how to shoot, dribble, and skate.

The aim of this study was to establish knowledge about the most suitable substrate for cultivating different kinds of anaerobic beer spoilage bacteria in the brewing industry. During the study, two other aspects were investigated; if the sample volume affects the results and which anaerobic beer spoilage bacteria are present in the micro flora at the brewery. The method used was standard cultivation with four different substrates; Universal Beer Agar, Nachweismedium Bierschädliche Bakterien, Raka Ray and VLB S7-S. During the identification of bacteria in the micro flora, a method using PCR was used. None of the substrates showed a significant advantage over the others.

The aim of this report has been to investigate the use of electricity energy before and after a conversion of foodservice. The ambition was also to highlight the food safety and the retention of nutrients in relation to the conversion. The methods being used were qualitative interviews, case studies, study visits and literature. The equipment and the use of energy was the same in 2008 as in 2011 for hot-holding of the tested component, sauce with ham. The chilled system used more than three times the energy and cost for one portion than one portion in the hot-hold system.

There is no commonly accepted definition of a business method. It ought to consist of a method or a process of doing business. Business methods constitutes a broad category of patents, it is hard to tell exactly what can be interpreted in to the term. Most of the world's legal systems have made an exception from patentability for business methods. In the USA the exception was abolished in a case 1998.

The technical achievements that have occurred in recent years have led to a greater use of the Internet around the world. Today, more and more people are using virtual communities, a place where communication occurs with people who have similar interest. Due to the option of being an anonymous user, the concept of trust plays a big part in how virtual communities are working. It is therefore of interest to investigate how trust develops between users in virtual communities. This report asks the following question:"How is trust formed between users at a virtual community?"A qualitative and netnographical study was conducted to answer the question above.

Formulation and testing of a new type of chainsaw lubricantThe company Agro Oil has come up with the idea of developing an environmentally adapted chainsaw lubricant with a new unusual base fluid. A field test with a tree-harvester shows unsatisfactory low temperature properties and high wear. In this work the viscosity, price and pour point of different combinations of the given base fluid and three other base fluids have been investigated. Desired viscosity and price are determined for different formulations. The new lubricants tested show lower pour points than almost all products on the Swedish market.A test equipment has been developed to investigate the wear.

In this thesis work a Geographical Information System (GIS) based methodology to identify locations suitable for the installation of wave energy converters has been developed. Parameters of importance have been identified and a GIS-database has been set up, containing data about the marine environment. In a case study of the Swedish west coast the methodology has been applied, resulting in a number of maps showing possible areas. The results show that large areas are suitable for installation of wave energy converters, from a technical and economical point of view. When consideration is taken to other interests in the area, such as navigation, fishing and environmental protection, the size of the suitable area diminishes considerably.

The aim of the present study is to describe the experiences of high school students as regards the effects of their activities, in and out of lessons, being published on the web. In addition, a further purpose is to acquire knowledge about whether a website could be used as means of increasing the students level of attention, and focus, to their activities in school; and, furthermore, how such a website should be designed to correspond with the students requests.The implemented methods are interviews with students, school administrators and teachers. A survey was conducted covering the student?s personal experiences and opinions. Furthermore, an interface test of the website was performed.

The aim of this essay is to examine how the Internet functions as a communication channel to Event Marketing. We have investigated what makes the Internet unique as a communication channel for events and how Internet has been used for event marketing. We have mapped fundamental theories within marketing, media, communications and human-computer interaction, which together describe event marketing. We have carried out case studies on two event-marketing projects where the Internet has played a major role. The first project was XCT which is a project developed by the company Eventum AB.

In this report we examine the NFC (Near Field Communication) technology as far as the development has come until today. We adress different use areas and explain the technical funcionality. By using data collection methods as a specialist interview and also a survery we want to detect potential risks and safety-issues in implementation of the new technology. Our main-focus in this report is to examine how NFC can play an important role in the developement of social interaction and social media. By compiling our data and research materials we will analyze and present a report conslusion.

En hård konkurrens bland dagens produktionsföretag på en global marknad ställer kravpå dessa att vara effektiva i sina processer för att överleva. Särskilt små företag, sominte har ett stort företags ekonomiska muskler och möjlighet att investera i nyutrustning, måste vara innovativa och kunna utnyttja befintliga resurser maximalt.Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) är ett nyckeltal som mäter ett företagsutrustningseffektivitet. Genom att använda OEE kan ett företag uppmärksamma var detfinns förluster i produktionsprocesserna och därefter åtgärda dessa.Den här rapporten ämnar reda ut i vilken utsträckning små verkstadsföretag i Sverigeanvänder OEE idag. Teorin pekar på att stora effektivitetsförbättringar är möjligagenom användning av OEE i stora företag, dock finns endast lite litteratur sombeskriver användningen av OEE i mindre företag. Syftet med rapporten är därför att tareda på vilken potential det finns för små företag att använda sig av nyckeltalet OEE samt att identifiera specifika framgångsfaktorer för dessa.Genom intervjuer med små verkstadsföretag och konsulter väl insatta i OEE, harproblem och framgångsfaktorer identifierats.

SammanfattningDetta projekt har genomförts i samarbete med Volvo Construction Equipment (VCE), enav de ledande tillverkarna av anläggningsmaskiner. Syftet med detta projekt var attundersöka om huruvida det är möjligt att estimera lastande moment på motorn i enhybridhjullastare som orsakas av dem sekundära hydrauliska pumpar som är anslutnatill den, detta med hjälp av dem tillgängliga sensorer som är monterade på maskinen.Der estimerade momentet skulle sedan användas för att förbättra motornsvarvtalsregulator och för att för ge en bättre arbetspunktreferens för motorn som skötsav ett energi manegement system.Projektet kan delas upp i tre delar. Den första delen var att ta fram en matematiskmodell som beskriver sambandet mellan pumpens lastande moment och demtillgängliga sensorn signaler. Andra delen består av att välja och implementera enlämplig skattningsmetod för att estimera det lastande moment. Och slutligen enimplementerings del där man tillämpar det skattade momentet för att förbättra motornshastighetsreglering.En estimeringsalgoritm har utvecklats och testats i hjullastaren som har visat enförbättring av motorns varvtalsreglering.

The aim of this study is to examine how important a factor the environment and the interior is to the creation of a user-friendly children?s library. In this study, environment is taken to mean the furnishing and the equipment in the children?s area at the library. The environment plays an important role in society today and because of that this is a current topic.