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Syftet med projektet var att undersöka årstids- och den individuella variationen av normala tarmfloran hos travhästar utfodrade med en grovfoderdiet. Hästar är grovtarmsjäsare med ett komplex mikrobiellt ekosystem anpassat för betning av foder med högt fiberinnehåll och lågt energiinnehåll. För att i framtiden kunna veta och jämföra hur olika fodermedel påverkar och förändrar det mikrobiella ekosystemet i hästens mag- och tarmkanal är det av intresse att även veta hur ekosystemet ser ut hos hästar utfodrade med ett naturligt anpassat foder. En större förståelse om hästens biologi och tarmflora är väsentligt att veta för att undvika och behandla tarmsjukdomar. Från 16 stycken hårt tränade travhästar har träck- och foderprov samlats under ett helt år. Vid 9 tillfällen har prover analyserats från alla 16 hästar för att studera mikrobiotans årstidsvariation samt vid 3 tillfällen för 4 av hästarna har prover samlats in under tre efterföljande dagar och analyserats för att studera mikrobiotans dagsvariation.

Broad beans are becoming a larger crop in Sweden. This is probably due to the current discussion about the cultivation of soya beans that are imported to be used as protein fodder. Broad beans are a good break crop in a small grain intensive crop rotation and works as a protein source for animals together with for example ley. At present little research has been done on broad beans and more knowledge is needed. This study is about fungal communities and diseases on broad beans and the impact of these fungi on seed germination.

The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of bedding material on the faecal microflora of horses. Another objective was to investigate the hygienic and physical qualities of the bedding materials used and how these may change in the course of the trial period. The bedding materials used were sphagnum peat and wood shavings. Six horses had each material as bedding for a three week period in a change?over experiment.

Abstract Cavities used to be a very common problem but over time humans have learned to take care of their teeth. However, there are still many who have problems. This problem is due to microorganisms and in particular the various streptococci and lactobacilli producing acids which loosens up the enamel on teeth. These bacteria can be found at various places in the mouth and saliva. Besides being a discomfort it can be a major problems and the damaged tooth needs to be removed or make a dental filling. The aim of the study was to see how intake of probiotic tablets containing Lactobacillus reuteri PTA ATCC 5289 and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 affects the levels of oral Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli over a three-week period.

Tomato production is a common and important agricultural activity in Nicaragua. During the last decades tomato producers have suffered great yield losses due to begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae). The genome of begomoviruses generally consists of two circular ssDNA components, DNA-A and DNA-B. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is an example of a begomovirus with only one component. An approach to manage the virus epidemics has been to breed a cultivar with begomovirus resistance genes, which have been transferred from wild tomato.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a root crop that plays an important role in many households in Africa. It is sometimes called ?Africa´s food insurance?. The advantages with the crop are that cassava is drought-resistant and it can grow in a semi-dry land. It is a perennial crop and does not require much labor.