Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka om den tysta läsningen i grundskolans tidigare år behöver ändras, varför detta behövs samt hur den kan ändras. Till grund för studien skrevs tre frågeställningar. Dessa lyder: Behöver den tysta läsningen förändras- varför?Hur kan den tysta läsningen i skolan utvecklas?Hur kan utvecklandet av tyst läsning gynna elevernas läsande och livslånga lärande? Studien genomfördes genom en litteraturstudie av forskning och annan litteratur. Litteraturen och stoffet analyserades genom Vygotskijs och det sociokulturella perspektivet. Det undersökningen visat är att läsförmågan i Sverige sjunkit och att den fortsätter att sjunka.

While studying at the landscape architect program in Uppsala I found stress to play a major roll in the education. To help myself and others to handle the negative stress within the profession and the education I choose to write my thesis about landscape architects' work cultures. Swedish Association of Architects is in second place in the SACO study on long-term sickness for fatigue syndrome, stress and depression. The issue needed to be addressed. My purpose with the thesis has been to study the work cultures in the landscape profession and training and to study and find ways to manage negative stress in the profession and in education.

Background: In studies about Romani people?s health, it becomes clear that the Romani inseveral countries have a poor health and avoid seeking health care.Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore Romani men's experiences of treatmentin the Swedish health care.Method: A qualitative interview study was conducted with respondents about theirexperiences in individual interviews. Seven male Romanis were elected with a purposefulsample. A content analysis by systematic text condensation on the data obtained was made asdescribed by Granheim & Lundman (2004).Results: The summed up impressions of the responses was perceived to be good, however,many men believe that the information is inadequate. Staff at the emergency department inUppsala should listen more to patients.

Telemedicine is the use of information and communication technology to provide clinical health care at a distance. This approach is usually adopted to bridge the distance in rural settings, but it is also a method to meet demographical and economical challenges. Västerbotten, a sparsely populated county with an ageing population, is in leading edge when it comes to telemedicine. The purpose of this report was to examine the diffusion and the inventory of telemedicine in the county council of Västerbotten from a geographical perspective. To gain a deeper understanding of diffusion and inventory of telemedicine, my purpose was also to examine these processes from an international and national perspective.

The purpose of this essay was to identify the primary stakeholder in aid organisations, by which we mean whom they make their annual report for, and to analyse if there were any differences considering the design of their annual reports depending on which their primary stakeholder is. The method we used to explain the choice of primary stakeholder and the differences in the annual reports was a multiple case study. The collected data came from telephone interviews with 23 representatives from aid organisations and a review of annual reports. The results were analysed through pattern matching. We found that aid organisations do not have a primary stakeholder as in incorporated organisations.

The concept of green IT is a hot topic in the industry right now. The requirements forenvironmental friendliness are becoming increasingly common. There is a lack of knowledge andunderstanding of what green IT means and how it can be achieved. Our study shows that the useof ICT can never become entirely green, but a lot can be done to become greener. We haveproduced a balanced scorecard which in theory leads to better governance, increased knowledgeand a common picture of what the work of greening IT means for employees and theorganization.

Objective: For a long-term and viable economic development to take place in a country it needs to promote creativity and innovation in enterprises. The study applies the process model to study the process of innovation in innovative companies in Sweden. The study also applies the technology commercialization model to indicate the ability of companies to commercialize the technology to the market.Main purpose: The purpose of this work is to study how companies in Sweden proceed with an idea generation and if they manage to commercialize these ideas.Method: This study used a qualitative approach. Multiple case studies & interviews.Conclusion: The innovative ideas in innovative SME:s in Sweden is emerged from randomly events and from systematic developments. Consumer chock is the trigger who draws focus on the idea.

Bakgrund Oväntad död är en traumatisk upplevelse förnärstående, kris och sorg i någon form är ofrånkomligt isamband med död och saknad. Vårdpersonal står inför en svårutmaning i omvårdnaden för att ge ett kompetentomhändertagande. Det korta mötet mellan vårdpersonal ochnärstående har visat sig vara av betydelse. Syfte Syftet medlitteraturstudien var att belysa närståendes behov ochvårdpersonals uppfattningar om närståendes behov i sambandmed en oväntad död. Metod Metoden var en litteraturstudie därdet ingick både kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar.

In the essay, the view of mistakes and disciplinary sanctions within the military aviation and health and medical service, are compared. The comparison shows that military aviation and health and medical service could have several points in common on how mistakes may occur, but that the present view of mistakes is different betwen the sectors. The view of mistakes and disciplinary sanctions is explicit within military aviation, and is based on a clear ideology on how mistakes occur, which is characterised of a systematic approach. Within health and medical service, an explicit and unequivocal ideology on how mistakes occur is missing, but, however, there are implicit ideas about infallibility and perfection. The comparison indicates that the view of mistakes is also, possibly directed by a bureaucratic model (instead of an ideology on mistakes), which aims to legitimacy, but that this may happen on the expense of not taking surrounding circumstances into consideration.

Purpose ? The purpose of this thesis is to develop a total cost model for container transports and create a tool that calculates a suitable transport quantity from an economic view, which fulfills the demands on delivery service. To achieve this purpose the following questions will be answered:Which costs are affected by the decision between the two transport alternatives LCL and FCL?   How does the decision of sending product LCL or FCL influence the delivery service?  How can a tool be constructed to simplify the decision-making process regarding the choice of sending products LCL or FCL?  Method ? A total cost model was developed. This model is supported from existing literature.

Open source is growing outside the boundaries of hackers, amateurs and software development, creating a humongous potential in many different areas and aspects of society. The intrinsic and extrinsic motivations that drives open source have been in the subject of much research recently, but how they affect each other when paid and unpaid contributors come together is still hidden in obscurity. In this study I investigate how intrinsic and extrinsic motivation correlates with each other and how those correlations affect paid and unpaid open source software contributors. The literature synthesis is based on of systematic reviews through searches in library databases, identification of articles by searching on the Internet and by reading relevant books. My results indicate that intrinsic and extrinsic motivations continuously affect each other and that paid contributors are more vulnerable since their extrinsic motivation in terms of money is reached only when many other motivations are fulfilled.

Lack of political interest and will to deal with human rights violations carried out under the civil- military dictatorship, has characterized the transition and post-transition in Uruguay. The systematic use of torture, arbitrary imprisonments and forced disappearances in the relatively small country created a culture of fear that has been present through out the post-transition phase. Human rights groups have been central actors in the fight for truth and justice and against impunity. This study analyzes how these groups multiple democracy-building functions have contributed to democratic development. It also analyses how the democracy-building functions have been constrained by the political context.

Escherichia (E) coli is one of the most common udder pathogens associated with acute clinical mastitis in Swedish dairy cows. The aim of this study is to review some of the existing literature on E coli mastitis from a Swedish perspective. The bacteria, its most important characteristics, and diagnostics under field conditions is covered, as well as what happens during infection, how E coli affects the cow and which consequences this have. Clinical symptoms associated with E coli mastitis are described and information on when these cases of mastitis usually occurs is given. Risk factors in the cow?s enviroment are described as well as the importance of the cow?s immune defence.

Vare sig det gäller livets små beslut som vilket pålägg man ska ha på sin frukostsmörgås eller de betydligt större som huruvida man vill flytta ut på landet och satsa på en karriär som författare eller inte så lever nog de flesta vanliga människorna i föreställningen av att valet är upp till personen själv. Jag tror faktiskt inte att jag går för långt om jag säger att för varje handling som vi på förhand planerar så är känslan av att vi också kan agera annorlunda ofrånkomlig. Tron på att vi själva ansvarar för vilka vi är och vad vi gör med våra liv är helt enkelt en central del av mångas självbild. Detta till trots, eller måhända just på grund av detta, tillhör frågan om den fria viljans varande eller icke varande kanske en av de absolut äldsta obesvarade frågorna i mänsklighetens historia. Så gott som varje filosof från Sokrates och framåt har haft en åsikt i frågan.

Introduction     Knowledge has come to be an increasingly important factor for both individuals in the labor market and companies in competition. When a person leaves an organization the knowledge often follows, and a knowledge gap is created. When knowledge is shared within an organization, the individual?s knowledge is available for all members of the organization. Knowledge can thus be converted from human capital to structural capital.