Symmetrisk Lupoid onychodystrofi, SLO, beskrevs för första gången på mitten av 90-talet. Sjukdomen karaktäriseras av att alla klor avlossas inom en kort tidsperiod utan att andra samtidiga systemiska fynd ses. Den bakomliggandeorsaken till sjukdomen är ännu inte känd, men eftersom liknande histologiska fynd som vid systemisk lupus erythematosus, SLE och kutan lupus erythematosus, LE, kan identifieras har en autoimmun bakgrund misstänkts.Hörnstenen i SLE-diagnostiken är ANA-test, för att påvisa cirkulerande antinukleära antikroppar. I enstaka studier har man tidigare hos vissa hundar med SLO kunnat påvisa ANA.Syftet med den här studien har varit att göra ANA-test på hundar med symmetrisk kloavlossning och SLO, samt att genom journalstudier beskriva hur sjukdomen ser ut i Sverige idag.Hundar provtagna och testade för ANA är sju bearded collies, fem riesenschnauzer, tre Rhodesian ridgeback och en toypudel samt tolv kontrollhundar av raserna bearded collie, riesenschnauzer och Rhodesian ridgeback. Samtliga hundar var negativa för ANA.

The aim of this study is to examine which communication channels and communication strategies Umea? municipality could use for information concerning outdoor recreation. To achieve this aim the following theories and views have been applied: social communication, communication strategies, two-way symmetrical communication, social media and uses and gratifications. The study was conducted through four focus group interviews and one informant interview. The focus groups consisted of four groups of outdoor enthusiasts in Umea? municipality: outdoor interested students, organized outdoor enthusiasts, active families and active seniors.

ABSTRACTThe fauna of the Lower Cambrian is far from fully understood, as is the environment of that epoch. Some of the most crucial moments in the history of evolution takes place during this epoch; the Cambrian explosion and the appearance of ecosystems as we know them. That makes it an important period to investigate. Doing so, the Lower Cambrian offers a lot of problems, one of which is that body fossils are seldom preserved. That has often left us with trace fossils to create an image of the Lower Cambrian life, but also some bedrock features such as ripple marks.The main purpose of this work has been to investigate the possibilities of relating the wave lengths and forms of recent wave-generated ripples to fossil ones, and also to evaluate the methods for that kind of comparison.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the levels of social distance used by the librarians and users in the virtual reference interview. With a conversational analysis and applied politeness theory 49 chat transcripts where analysed in order to answer the question of how the interlocutors positioned themselves regarding the social distance between them. By identifying what communicative strategies where used the following results were found. Generally the social distance between librarians and users is low in the Swedish virtual reference interview. Even though both parties used informal and casual language the results indicate that the librarians face wants were valued slightly higher than the users which were illustrated by a some what higher social distance in the stages of the conversations when the librarians face was under most threat.

Common wisdom dictates that because payment of dividends decreases funds available for investment, a high payout ratio is to be associated with low earnings growth. This notion has been challenged in recent years by empirical research that has found a positive relationship between payout ratio and future earnings growth, both on the aggregated market level and the company level in different countries. This study investigated the aforementioned relationship on the Swedish market by statistically analyzing future earnings growth as a function of payout ratio on a large sample of publicly listed companies over the period 1980 to 2011. The results are in line with those found in previous research and indicate that companies with high dividend payout ratio tend to experience strong future earnings growth. The results are robust to the presence of mean reversion, the use of an alternative accounting measure of earnings, non-symmetrical earnings growth cycles and alternative practices for dealing with outliers..

AbstractEssay in political science, C-level, by Samanta Pudic´, spring semester 2008. Tutor: Susan Marton. ?The relationship between national government and local municipality when a refugee centre shall be located.?The purpose of this essay is to examine the relationship between government and municipality with the help from the interdependens theory when a refugee centre is located. To be able to say something about the relationship between those two actors I have been using two municipalities as examples.

Surveys show that consumers tend to avoid traditional marketing channels, leading the practitioners to use earned media channels through public relations (PR). This has also led to the use of covert PR. To understand the use of this communications method, the purpose of this thesis is to study campaigns, which have gained transmission in social media, by investigating how practitioners of three different campaigns motivate the choice to use covert PR.The study is based on a hermeneutic methodology and has an abductive approach. It is carried out by semi-structured elite interviews with six contributors of three different campaigns, using covert PR. The primary data consists of the empery of the interviews, while the secondary data consists of a theoretical framework of excellence in public relations, the PR practice and viral messages.The result of the study indicates the point of view that covert PR has given the campaigns a wider reach.

Communication between parties in an important process in their relationship can be based on a contract. This communication can for exemple be composed by a handwritten contract or an electronic contract. Contract law makes no difference between these two forms. to create more favourable requirements for commencing a contract or an ongoing contract there are possibilities to use standard agreements. Therefore a contract can be based on the will of the parties or on a standard agreement.An electronic signature shall secure that electronic transferred information has not been altered and also to identify the sender of the information.

The purpose of this study is to analyze which communication strategies andinformation- and communication channels that Gällivare municipality should useunder the urban transformation to communicate with the citizens. The studyconcentrates on the age-groups 16 ? 24, 25 ? 44, 45 ? 64 and people that are 65 yearsand older. This selection has been made as a segmentation of the citizens and is oneof the essay questions which refers to study the channels that each age-groups prefer.The study is a quantitative one and is based on a questionnaire survey directed to thecitizens and it?s 85 people who participated.

At the moment in central Täby there are small district heating network operated by Fortum Heat. The distribution network has an annual heat demand of about 70 GWh, which is supported by the network's two plants, Galten and Farmen. Täby as a region is rapidly growing and there are grand plans to develop the area. Estimated market potential for a future district heating expansion in Täby is very high and as early as in 2007 Täby decided to invest in a large-scale expansion. In autumn 2009 Täby did a procurement process, known as the ?Täby initiative?, to find a partner that could implement those expansion plans. To secure a cheap basic production the partner also need to build a power plant at Hagby recycling center. Despite high interest during initial state of the process, only one procurement offer were received and Täby suspended the contract in March the following year.

SammanfattningBakgrundDet är i Sverige svårt att tillgodose behovet av cirka 450 tjänstehundar och gällande hälsa är uppfattningen bland användarna att hundarnas fysiska hållbarhet blivit sämre. Med hänsyn till att det lider brist på tjänstehundar och att de tas ur tjänst tidigare än önskat vore det av stort värde att kunna förlänga en polishunds tjänstgöringstid. Ett sätt att förverkliga detta kan vara att använda undersökningstekniker vilka tidigt kan fånga upp lindriga förändringar i rörelsesymmetri, förändringar som kan vara ett första tecken på smärta. En tryckmätningsmatta kan registrera små förändringar i hur hunden belastar sina ben, förändringar som är svåra att se med blotta ögat. Det kan därför vara av intresse att ta fram ett normalmaterial för tjänstehundar så att det med tryckmätningsmattans hjälp tidigt går att upptäcka om en stoisk tjänstehund har ett förändrat rörelsemönster.Syfte & hypotesSyftet var att använda en tryckmätningsmatta för att skapa ett normalmaterial för en tjänstehundspopulation gällande parametrar registrerade med tryckmätnings-mattan.