BackgroundToday a common approach to solve a complicated problem is to assemble a temporary workforce in order to solve the problem by working together within a project. One of the difficulties with working in projects is to maintain the planned budget. Working hours and costs are often exceeded. Many companies presume that any certain project will succeed, a presumption that leads companies not to anticipate risks involved in a project. In companies today there is seldom time for evaluation or moderation of a project, in order to have time for evaluation there is a great need for an adequate planning of the project.IntentThe intention with this study is to create a model for planning, budgeting and evaluation of projects within consultancy companies.MethodWith the help of interviews and discussions within the group Hamnar och Byggkonstruktioner at Sweco has evidence to present a proposal on planning, budgeting and monitoring been developed.ResultsA model has been developed to ease for consultancy companies to plan, budget, monitor and evaluate projects.

The swedish national board of housing, Building and Planning,recommends that all stakeholders in the construction industryperform a moisture control design to make sure that the buildingachieves good moisture resistance. Since June 1, 2006 there are nospecific requirements or quantitative values for air leakage.Although the swedish national board of housing does presentrequirement that the building envelope must be sealed so that theclient?s requirements for specific energy consumption and installedelectric power for heating purposes are met. Despite this, studiesfrom SP shows that few buildings meet the client?s requirements inspecific energy, which increases the risk of occurrence ofcondensation-related moisture damage.This study aims to evaluate curtain walls connections from airsecurity and moisture safety.

The main purpose of this master's thesis is to investigate to what extent municipal politicians govern a selected public library. This means to clarify who determines the direction of the library and its services and in what way. It also involves examining the relationship between library staff and local politicians in the decision-making process. Which decisions are made by the politicians and which are left to the employees? The study is based on an investigation of a public library in a municipality over a period of ten years the 1990s.

I samband med min utbildning till fysisk planerare stötte jag på begreppet trygghet flera gånger. Dock nämndes detta sällan i samband med belysning, utan endast andra aspekter togs upp. Därför tycker jag att det behövs närmare undersökning av hur vi egentligen upplever att en trygg miljö ska vara. Det behövs närmare undersökning av hur denna upplevda trygga miljö påverkas av en annan sorts belysning. Detta leder således till att denna uppsats behandlar ämnet trygghet i relation till belysning, med en inriktning på rörelsestyrd belysning.

When a decision is to be made on what long term strategic forest management plan to use, consideration must often be taken to multiple objectives. Such decisions are very complex and a promising approach to handle them is by Multiple Criteria Decision Analyses (MCDA). The study is based on the problem that the MCDA that have been implemented into forest management planning have only had capacity to compare and evaluate a limited number of management plans; which means that there is a risk the most suitable plan is missed. The aim with this study was to test the applicability of combining the MCDA tools: the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for including consideration to multi-objectives into strategic forest management planning. The study was based on the process of creating and selecting a management plan, using Heureka PlanWise, suitable for all the major objectives found in the forest holdings of a municipality in northern Sweden.

The scope of this investigation is to decide how and to what extent the energy consumption of apassive house is affected by the users? knowledge and habits. To achieve this a literary study hasbeen made and as a complement the planning of a passive house was completed.The result of a primary study of the rules and regulations that effect passive houses in Swedenshows that the user?s influence on passive houses is a completely unregulated area. Even thoughthere is no regulation, a need for some general knowledge of the passive house concept has beenexpressed.To further investigate how the users? knowledge and habits affect the energy consumption and ifthere is a difference between different households? energy consumption , three main factors havebeen identified.

This thesis has been done on a haulage contractor company named GP-Last (AB Gustav Perssons Åkeri) and the purpose with the paper was to analyse their traffic from Malmö to Stockholm and leave suggestions on efforts that GP-Last can use to increase their level of transportation quality. This has been done with two main questions, which problem do they have today and which efforts they need to do to solve their problems? Through a case study with interviews as method to collect data it showed that GP-Last had four main problems.        Not enough information about their freights. The transport planning unit in Malmö doesn?t have the exact delivery address when GP-Last begins to bring in the gods.        There are no clear routes.

Interest deduction limitation rules have an important function as the regulations prevent the Swedish tax base to decrease. However, the restrictions must not be at the expense of the business environment. Interest deduction limitation rules that do not work in a satisfactory manner are likely to make Sweden a less favourable country to establish in. The first Swedish rules which were aimed to restrict interest deduction threaded into force in 2009. The rules were applicable to intercompany loans related to acquisitions of part ownership rights and the aim was to reduce tax avoidance through corporate group-loans. The rules proved to be ineffective since the avoidance continued and the Swedish rules could not tackle the problem.

Denna rapport är ett kandidatarbete i fysisk planering inom kursen Stadsanalys. Syftet med arbetet är att med en Realistisk byanalys av Norra Kungsgatan och egen inventering av busstorget Kungsplan i Karlskrona och dess omgivningar se på möjligheterna att skapa ett småskaligt torg på Kungsplan. Även ge rekommendationer till förändringar av Kungsplans omgivningar. Planförslaget skapar ett nytt torg som öppnar upp mot platsen styrkor, Fribergska huset och Hoglandspark och har stängda sidor åt norr och öster med ett L-format hus. Förslaget redovisar beläggning, markmaterial och belysning av platsen..

Med hållbar stadsplanering menas en planering som värnar om framtiden ochkommande generationer. Inom detta område berörs såväl tekniska som fysiskaaspekter inom samhället. Rapporten fokuserar på hållbar stadsplanering i form avkommunikation, rörelse och integration vid utformning och planering avstadsdelar, samt det faktum att det finns digitala verktyg som inte utnyttjasregelbundet i det dagliga arbetet.I samspel med Borås Stad har en analys gällande arbetsmetoder vid stadsplaneringgenomförts. Begreppen kommunikation, rörelse och integration diskuteras ochanalyseras i relation till kommunens arbete. Syftet är att formulera och pröva enarbetsmodell som kan vara vägledande inom arbetet med hållbar stadsplanering.Målet är undersöka om det finns grund för introducering av digitala verktyg somstrategi i kommunens stadsplanering.Frågeställningarna berör kvalitetsbegreppen kommunikation, rörelse ochintegration samt hur dessa tillämpas vid daglig kommunal stadsplanering.

This master thesis is about sustainable city planning and its debate. It is also concerned with networking, communication and web-based communication. Theories of sustainable development are discussed, along with the importance of communication for sustainable development. The report is directed towards landscape architects, architects, town planners, other designers and other interested readers.MotivationI believe that there is a need for an increased discussion concerning sustainability. Sustainable development is an important issue for city planners.

Sammanfattning Malmö är idag i en övergångsfas från att ha varit ett industrisamhälle till att bli ett kunskapssamhälle. En sådan övergång leder till att industrierna måste ge plats åt kunskapsföretagen. I samband med dessa industrier i före detta profilerade industristäder som Malmö finns ett stort kulturhistoriskt värde förknippat. Att omvandla kulturhistoriska områden utan att inskränka på dess historiska värde är inte alltid lätt. Därför har regeringen arbetat fram det kulturpolitiska målet där termen kulturmiljövård introducerades som ett samlande begrepp för att bevara och levandegöra kulturarvet samt kunna spegla samhällets och inte minst industrialismens historia. Arbetet har utifrån detta studerat kulturmiljöbegreppet för att sedan göra ett funktionsomvandlingsförslag för kvarteret Gjuteriet i Malmö där Ljungmans verkstäder bedrev sin verksamhet förr med hänsyn till platsens historiska värde.

Det här kandidatarbetet utgörs av en fallstudie med två exempel på offentliga rum i Göteborg, Götaplatsen och Kungsportsplatsen. Där har människors aktiviteter observerats genom dold, delvis deltagande observation under olika tillfällen på dygnet. Uppsatsen undersöker förhållandet mellan det offentliga rummets fysiska utformning, tiden på dygnet och människors aktiviteter. Syftet är att skapa större förståelse för hur människor påverkas i det offentliga rummet och vilken betydelse tid har för planering. Det som setts och hörts under observationerna har beskrivits i fältanteckningar. Fältanteckningarna har sedan tolkats med utgångspunkt i uppsatsens teoretiska perspektiv och begrepp.

BackgroundToday a common approach to solve a complicated problem is to assemble a temporary workforce in order to solve the problem by working together within a project. One of the difficulties with working in projects is to maintain the planned budget. Working hours and costs are often exceeded. Many companies presume that any certain project will succeed, a presumption that leads companies not to anticipate risks involved in a project. In companies today there is seldom time for evaluation or moderation of a project, in order to have time for evaluation there is a great need for an adequate planning of the project.IntentThe intention with this study is to create a model for planning, budgeting and evaluation of projects within consultancy companies.MethodWith the help of interviews and discussions within the group Hamnar och Byggkonstruktioner at Sweco has evidence to present a proposal on planning, budgeting and monitoring been developed.ResultsA model has been developed to ease for consultancy companies to plan, budget, monitor and evaluate projects.

?Ecosystem services are the ecosystems direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human well-being.? In order to reach the generation target and the environmental objectives it is important to increase the awareness of biodiversity and ecosystem services and it?s importance to human welfare and simultaneously highlighting the value of ecosystem services. The value of ecosystem services should be integrated into economic standpoints, political considerations and other decisions in the society. In today?s society there is a problem concerning that the value of ecosystem services are not considered in economic terms, which can result in solutions that are unfavorable for our welfare (Ministry of Environment, 2012).