Trenden är att allt fler människor upplever en oro av att utsättas för brott när de vistas i stadens offentliga rum, trots att brottsligheten generellt minskar i Europeiska städer. Att känslan av otrygghet ökar är ett av de största sociala problemen i dagens städer.Målet med studien har varit att ta fram en metod som kan användas för att kartlägga otrygga platser i städer och resultatet kan sedan användas för att ta fram de trygghetsskapande åtgärder som kan behöva vidtas. Syftet har varit att utvärdera metoden för att se om den är användbar för kommuner i deras trygghetsarbete.Utifrån den forskning och litteratur som finns inom ämnet trygghet utformades den metod som kom att användas i studien. Metoden som togs fram kallas InF (Identify and Fix) då syftet är att identifiera otrygga platser för att sedan åtgärda dessa. Medborgare i Gävle fick i en undersökning markera vilka platser som de upplever otrygga och varför, detta jämfördes sedan med en karta som visar koncentrationen av anmälda brott.

This master thesis deals with steel girders subjected to patch loading caused by concentrated moments. There exist no good methods to calculate by hand the ultimate resistance for this load case. In ?tunnplåtshandboken?, (Handbook for sheet metal, which is published by SSAB), one calculation method is presented. It?s however fairly difficult to use, because of many calculation steps and many graphs.

Att drabbas av en reumatisk sjukdom kan ge fysiska symtom som inflammation, funktionsinskränkning och immunreaktioner. Sjukdomen ger konsekvenser i vardagslivet som kan påverka aktivitetsutförandet i roller.Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur personer med reumatisk sjukdom kan uppleva påverkan på sina roller i vardagslivet.Integrerad metod användes med lämplighetssampling på tio personer med reumatisk sjukdom. Instrumentet Rollchecklistan och semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att få en täckande och tillförlitlig bild av upplevd påverkan av roller.Resultatet beskrevs genom en tabell, en schematisk bild samt beskrivande text med citat. Studien visade att reumatisk sjukdom upplevdes påverka roller i vardagslivet genom bland annat funktionsinskränkning och minskad uthållighet. Rollen som yrkesarbetande och hemarbetande upplevdes påverkade genom att de minskade eller försvann helt.

The aim of this Master?s thesis is to examine how the introducing of municipal library plans has influenced some compulsory schools in Malmö. I wanted to know if the library plan is a possible way to improve the quality of the school library. Through qualitative interviews with four school librarians and four headmasters, I investigate their knowledge of the library plan and their opinion of the possibilities to realize the directions of the plan. The theoretical framework is based on a model of organizational culture by Bakka, Fivelsdal and Lindkvist.

This thesis takes a closer look at the USA Patriot Act and the literary debate that has followed the passing of that Act. The aim of the thesis is to define what freedom is for the two opposing sides using McCallum's freedom model.The literary analysis shows that the most common argument from authors who are pro Act is that in desperate times like these one must relinquish a part of the individual's freedom to ensure the safety of the collective. Amongst those authors who are against the Act concerns are raised for the possibilities of abuse as a result of increased government power such as the ability to detain immigrants for long periods of time, surveillance and increased exchange of information between federal agencies..

Discussing light and lighting in the night-time environment of Tensta, a Stockholm suburb built between 1962 and 1970, this thesis suggests that lighting should be designed for the outdoor environment as a whole. The feeling of safety and human perception are important components in this thesis. Starting with some comments on visual perception and how we adapt our sight to an interval of the visual input we get, makes it possible to understand that more light sometimes hides, rather than reveals, things. Amongst the dispersed houses, in the green parks of Tensta, this turns the pedestrian roads, lit by pole-top-mounted fixtures, into light tunnels in a dark surrounding. Talking about the feeling of safety I am inspired by, amongst others K. Lynch, B. Hjort and J.

The number of residential fires has not declined sufficiently since the smoke alarm entranced the Swedish homes, fires lead to devastating consequences in which possessions, homes and worst of all human lives are at stake. Every year, about 80 people get killed and more than 500 get´s injured in residential fires, often due to lack of safety equipment. The number of fires caused by electrical appliances has risen and taken over a period of ten years the fire caused by a forgotten stove has increased by 70 percent. Preventing the risk that a fire would start on the stove would saves money, worry and most importantly, lives..

The aim of this study was to describe non-surgical treatment options for the diseases mucositis and peri-implantitis found in present literature. The literature review also illustrates the effect of the treatment opptions on soft tissue with mucositis and peri-implantitis surrounding dental implants. The study reviews twelve scientific articles that have been processed from the aim of the study. The result shows six therapy options, Er:YAG laser, air abrasive, ultrasonic device, hand instruments, hand instruments in combination with antibiotics and hand instruments in combination with clorhexidin. The following methods are described according to how they are used and how they affect the soft tissue surrounding dental implants.

Rotskärsskolan is located in Skutskär, Älvkarleby municipality and the school conducted today consists of lower secondary. The school was built in the early 1960s and contains three buildings. Today there is a great need for reconstruction of Rotskärsskolan, when the premises are worn out and not suitable for today's education. It must therefore be a phased change involving all the school buildings, starting in the winter of 2008/2009.Our degree project involves one of these buildings, called house F. This building will, by a recent decision, be adjusted for classes from preschool up to grade five, special school and leisure activities when some of the municipality's schools will consolidate.

Most of us sometimes in life visit a restaurant to relax and eat some good food. In that case, we trust that the food they are serving is of good quality and safe which prevent food poisoning. As a consumer you mostly do not have any insight what?s happening in the kitchen at the restaurant. What is really going on when they prepare the food? An introduction of the Smiley system could help you as a consumer in the choice of restaurant.

Pyometra, chronic purulent metritis in metoestrus, is a common disease in intact bitches. About 25% of all bitches in Sweden have contracted the disease before ten years of age. Clinical signs of the disease are varied, and the course may be either slow or acute. The diagnosis is most commonly made by radiographical or ultrasonographical examination of the abdomen in combination with blood biochemical and hematological analyses. The safest and most efficient treatment of pyometra is surgical ovariohysterectomy.There is room for improvement of both diagnostic tools and possible prognostic indicators for pyometra.Mast cells are large leucocytes, with granule that contain inflammatory mediators.

Background: In Sweden it is a legal right for patients to have the possibility to participate in their own care. Several studies highlight the importance of a good relationship, good communication and good cooperation in order to increase a sense of security and thus the possibility of participation. One way to increase patients' ability to influence and participate can be to adapt person-centered care. This moves the focus from the patient's illness to the patient and his/her resources. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe patients' experiences of the possibility to actively participate in decisions regarding its care and treatment at surgical wards.

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to examine if a pre- and post-operative difference could be seen in self-reported pain disability and self-efficacy among patients undergoing surgery as treatment for spinal disc herniation in order to improve process of rehabilitation.Method: A quantitative and descriptive design was used. 10 patients awaiting surgical treatment for spinal disc herniation were included at Akademiska sjukhuset (The Academic Hospital) in Uppsala. Participation was voluntary and the selection was made by convenience. Data was collected using The Pain Disability Index and Self-Efficacy Scale by which the patient would estimate how hindered they felt because of their pain in everyday activities and their self-efficacy to perform everyday activities. This was done the day before surgery and two weeks after surgery.

Syftet med denna studie var att samla in information som kunde ge en bild av den organisatoriska situationen i Försvarsmaktens helikopterorganisation i ljuset av de förändringar organisationen genomgått sedan 1998 och de allvarliga haverier som följt efter dessa förändringar. Ett tillämpat syfte var att denna bild skulle ligga till grund för en förståelse och diskussion av flygsäkerhetsläget inom helikopterorganisationen i synnerhet och inom Försvarsmaktens flygverksamhet i allmänhet. Som ett led i processen var syftet att undersöka säkerhetskulturen, organisationsklimatet och den psykosociala arbetsmiljön genom att jämföra ett helikopterförband och ett stridsflygplansförband inom Försvarsmakten. I studien ingick sådan personal som kom i personlig kontakt med den direkta flygsäkerheten vid respektive förband, såsom flygförare, tekniker, spanare/navigatörer och operatörer/ytbärgare. En enkät delades ut till 125 personer vid de två förbanden.

The purpose of this thesis was to increase the understanding and discuss safety aspects in two stairwells on Nyforsgatan in Eskilstuna, where the buildings were built during the years 1965-1975. I have presented a proposal for improvement through lighting. I have through different methods, such as surveys, interviews, literature studies and observations, come to a conclusion: that there are opportunities for improvement through better lighting that allows orientation in space and creates a nice atmosphere which will remove the feeling of not being safe, e.g. dark corners and shadows. It has been an exciting process to gather enough of facts to rely on and to develop the lighting design for the environments.