High levels of ammonia in grass silage have been up for discussion by Swedish advisers. One reason is that it is more difficult for the rumen-microbes to utilise high levels of ammonia. A low level of ammonia is also good because if the cattle can use more of the protein in the silage, they don?t need so much protein concentrate. That is very good for the economy at the farm, and it is also good for the environmental problems caused by high levels of ammonia. In this project, 24 samples of silage have been taken at 20 different farms in the south west of Sweden.

This study consists of a literature study and a survey in Tamil Nadu, India. The aim of the study was to get an understanding of horse feeding in tropical climates and what kind of feeding related problems that could occur because of the fodder. Information and data were collected from eight different stables and from Tamil Nadu University of Agriculture in the region of Tamil Nadu in March-April 2009. The horses in Tamil Nadu were given rice straw, unknown grass, Cynodon dactylon, lucerne, maize, Pennisetum glaucum x Pennisetum purpureum hybrid and Chloris gayana as roughage. As concentrates, the horses were given wheat bran, oats, barley, soybean meal, maize, carrots, coconut cake, peanut cake, horse gram and chick pea.

Osteoartrit (OA) är den vanligaste orsaken till för tidig pension av tävlingshästar och är den sjukdom som står för den enskilt största ekonomiska förlusten inom hästnäringen. Diagnostiken är svår i ett tidigt skede vilket gör att man vill hitta bra markörer och inflammationsmediatorer som kan användas för att snabbt ställa rätt diagnos samt sätta in lämplig behandling. Sedan början av 2000-talet har man i prekliniska studier på gnagare och människor tittat på den pro-inflammatoriska cytokinen high mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB-1) och dess inblandning i inflammationen vid artrit. De senaste åren har det även kommit studier på häst. Det här arbetet går igenom resultatet av dessa studier för att kunna diskutera vilken roll HMGB-1 spelar vid OA, dess lämplighet som markör för sjukdomen och huruvida en inhibering av HMGB-1 skulle kunna användas som en framtida behandlingsmetod. HMGB-1 är ett litet intracellulärt protein som finns i nästan alla celler hos vertebrater, bakterier, växter samt jäst.

The Swedish Red Polled breed is threatened by extinction and there are only around 1100 animals left. The breed was popular in the early twentieth century, but since then the numbers have steadily decreased. The overall objective of this study was to find out whether there may be economic incentives for preserving the breed. The milk quality properties are of major importance in the production of dairy products. Therefore we would like to establish if the Swedish Red Polled breed carries favourable alleles at loci of relevance for milk quality, to potentially make the breed more interesting for milk production.

Syftet med arbetet var att utveckla en metod för att rena fram cytokrom c-Id1 ur periplasma från Ideonella dechloratans. Inledningsvis undersöktes proteinets stabilitet vid låga pH. Flera olika kromatografiska metoder provades under arbetets gång. Till de inledande experimenten användes flow-through fraktioner från rening av annat protein som startmaterial. Senare försök gjordes på periplasma från I.

Denna studie undersöker hur stressfaktorer påverkar kroppen vid dykning i gruva. Undersökningen genomfördes under en helgs intensivt dykande, för att bestämma lungkapacitet, pulsnivå samt eventuell vätske- och viktförlust hos dykarna. Testerna bestod av vägning, spirometritester och pulsmätningar. Testpersonerna dök mellan ett till tre dyk under helgen. Två av det totala antalet dyk var på 74 meters djup, resterande dyk genomfördes på 36 meters djup.

En god nutritionsstatus är av betydelse för en optimal sårläkning. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sambandet mellan nutrition och sårläkning ur ett omvårdnadsperspektiv. Studien gjordes som en systematisk litteraturstudie och baserades på 16 vetenskapliga artiklar. I dessa framkom nutritionsstatusens samband med sårläkning och vad sjuksköterskan kan påverka genom sina omvårdnadsåtgärder. Det kom även fram att energibehovet ökade när patienterna hade svårläkta sår.

The purpose of the study was to examine what methods and strategies individuals use to maintain their weight loss. Another aim was to explore which factors can complicate or simplify weight loss maintenance. Fifty-four individuals who had maintained their weight loss more than a year, participated by answering a questionnaire. The questionnaire was constructed and distributed through the internet. The answers were registered in the program google docs.  The participants mentioned successful methods and strategies, such as exercising regularly, the majority exercised 30 minutes at least five times per week.

The quality of bread wheat is a large subject to study. The quality rests on two legs. The first one is the inheritance of specific characters, which can be influenced through plant breeding and type of cultivar. The other one is the environmental influences, such as crop rotation, nutrition, harvest and storage. The latter factors are possibly to affect through cultivation practices, while other factors are not possible to influence on for the grower, such as seasonal changes of weather and the soil content.

Genetic defects are caused by mutations in major genes where the gene?s protein product has a large impact on the physiology of the animal. The synthesis of the protein can be altered by a change in the nucleotide sequence, which can lead to malformation and in many cases death.One of the main reasons of increase in many genetic defects is the use of few bulls in breeding programmes, causing a reduction of the genetic variation. Genetic defects cause suffering for the animal and influences the production by, for example, increased costs due to misscarriages, lost milk production and expenditure for medical treatment. Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD) and Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) are two genetic defects that were widespread before the causative mutation was discovered.

Nutrition är en viktig och central del av människans liv. När man inte får i sig tillräcklig mängd näring kan det få allvarliga följder så som malnutrition, ett tillstånd som ofta sätts i samband med trycksår. Trycksår orsakar lidande både fysiskt och psykiskt för de som drabbas och har därigenom påverkan på deras livskvalitet. Syftet med studien var därför att söka evidens för betydelsen av näringstillskott för läkningen av trycksår. Evidensstudien baserades på nio vetenskapliga artiklar.

Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein with important biological role because of its capacity to bind to haemoglobin. Haptoglobin exists in three major genetic polymorphism types: Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2, the distribution of which has been associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), an asymptomatic aortic disease common among men older than 65 years.    Five different electrophoretic methods were tested according to their ability to separate the haptoglobin phenotypes. The detection was based on a produced hemolysate of blood in which haemoglobin binds to haptoglobin thereby forming a complex that can be detected by specific haemoglobin staining using TMB-dihydrochloride and hydro peroxide as substrate resulting in an azure-green color of the bands. Samples from 15 patients who had suffered surgery for not broken AAA, that is more than5.0 cmaortic diameter, and 15 samples from matched controls were analyzed.    Among the five tested electrophoretic methods best migration and separation was seen on the pre-cast agarosgel Hydragel HR on the instrument Hydrasys. The other four methods gave less successful results.

The process of drug discovery is very slow and expensive. There is a need for reliable in silico methods; however the performance of these methods differs.This work presents a targeted study on how the drug discovery methods used in OpenEye?s tools ROCS, EON and FRED perform on targets with small ligands. It was examined if 12 compounds (markers) somewhat similar to AMP could be detected by ROCS in a random data set comprised of 1000 compounds. It was also examined if EON could find any electrostatic similarities between the queries and the markers.

Lao People?s Democratic Republic (PDR) is a country where the majority of the population works within the sector agriculture in one way or another. The number of goats are increasing and the animals can be an important income source for families. However, during the dry season, lack of feed is a great problem for the farmers. Fodder trees have shown great potential as dry season feeding, due to that the trees often hold green and fresh leaves a long time into the season, compared to grass that dry out quickly.

The objective for this master?s thesis was to test and evaluate two methods for determining the content of tannin in a pinebarkextract. The methods used at Södra for this previously have not been specific enough, only the amount of polyphenolics have been measured. One of these methods is a test based on the Stiasny test and it determines the extracts ability to form a gel with formaldehyde. When this test was carried out it showed that the extract did not contain much tannin.