Background: Every year, patients die while waiting for an organ due to the shortage of donors. When a patient is declared brain dead, the question of possible organ donation arises. In some cases, the patient is registered in the donor registry, but sometimes their stance on donation is unknown. The next of kin then become involved in the decision and are asked both what the patient would have wanted and how they themselves feel about donating their deceased family member?s organs. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe relatives' experiences of the decision-making process regarding organ donation after death.

An array of different retinal disorders is present as a threat in quite a number of dog breeds. These often lead to profound visual impairment or blindness. Many of the disorders are genetic, and they are, in Sweden as well as in other countries, subject to breeding programmes. The anatomy of the eye and the retina, as well as current examination techniques (ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography (ERG) and genetic analysis) are described. The more common retinal disorders encountered in dogs in Sweden are discussed: retinal dysplasia, generalized progressive retinal dystrophy, retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy, collie eye anomaly, sudden acquired retinal degeneration, retinal detachment and choroiditis. The possibly affected breeds are listed. The value of diagnostic findings is discussed and current advances on the subject in ophthalmologic research are accounted for..

Each year over 3000 children in Sweden lose a parent. The loss of a parent may cause some grave changes in a child?s life, leading to both mental and physical consequences. The purpose of this literature study is to examine the different ways in which health care personnel can better receive and relate to children whose parents are dying or have passed away.Data was collected through such sources as Pubmed, Academic Search Elite and Cinahl, which resulted in the inclusion of sixteen subsequent articles, ten of which were quantitative and six of which were qualitative. Thirteen of the said articles illustrate how children act in response to a dying or deceased parent and what measures were needed for them to move on with their lives.

Bakgrund: Inom den palliativa vården har möjligheten att få vårdas i hemmet ökat genom åren. Idag vet man att närstående utför betydande insatser inom vården och omsorgen och att deras insatser bedöms vara tidsmässigt mycket större än från den offentliga vården. Att vara närstående till någon som är sjuk är en upplevelse som är unik för varje enskild individ. Upplevelsen av isolering, att behöva ignorera sina egna känslor och kämpa för sin egen överlevnad kan uppstå hos de närstående som vårdar en sjuk i hemmet.Syfte: Att belysa närståendes upplevelser av palliativ hemsjukvård.Metod: En litteraturöversikt har gjorts baserad på elva vetenskapliga artiklar som granskats och analyserats. De databaser som använts vid artikelsökningen är Cinahl plus with Full Text, PubMed samt Medline with full text med sökorden Family, Palliative home care, Experiences och Sweden.

This study focusses on how people in Sweden commemorate their dogs and handle their demise. By examining memorial texts for dogs that are presented by their owners on internet forums, memorial texts that are used on gravestones on an animal cemetery as well as an interview with an animal nurse, the study examines how dogs are humanized and treated in human-like ways. With theories about new animism, social acceptance (nomos) and ontology as the theoretical framework, the study provides an analysis of strategies by which people tend to humanize dogs in ways that are often similar to the handling and mourning of human deceased.                                               The empirical data illustrate how dog owners in Swedish society who have lost their beloved pet express themselves in terms of religious terminology. According to memorial texts, the dogs go to heaven, where they may be reunited with their owners, become free from their diseases, and in some cases they are buried in separate graves in animal cemeteries. The study also illustrates how dogs in Sweden today have almost equal opportunities and access to medical care as human beings.

SUMMARYThe riding school horse is the base for the riding school. Riding schools are looking for a suitable horse that meets their demands for exterior, age, education, temperament, price and sustainability. Many different aspects may define the sustainability of the riding school horse; of them is how long life the riding school horse has in riding school activity. Previous studies have shown that the riding schools requirements are 8-12 years life span in the riding school.The purpose of this study was to describe the Swedish riding school horse life span in riding schools and at what age the riding school horses were recruited, disposed and the reasons for disposal. Information about the riding school horse life span in riding schools and reasons for disposal can provide important understanding regarding the importance of health for the riding school horse, riding school economy and profitability in the riding school.

Den palliativa vårdens mål är att uppnå en god och fridfull död. En god död har dock visat sig vara en individuell och varierande upplevelse varför patienten själv måste få möjlighet att uttala sig om sin förestående död. Forskning har framhållit att det finns olika uppfattningar om vad en god död innebär, utifrån patientens, närståendes och vårdpersonalens perspektiv. Syftet med litteraturstudien var därför att belysa kunskap om uppfattningar om en god död, för att kunna förbättra omvårdnaden i en palliativ kontext. Föreliggande litteraturstudie baseras på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar.

Döden anses vara en stressfaktor för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal och tidigare forskning visar att detta även gäller vårdare vid hospice. Ett antal vanliga copingstrategier fungerar inte i hospicemiljön på grund av att döden är ett oundvikligt inslag där. En studie framhåller dock den låga utbrändhetsgraden bland vårdgivare på hospice och föreslår bland annat att det holistiska perspektivet på omvårdnad kan vara sammankopplat med detta till synes ambivalenta förhållande. Kan hospicefilosofin inverka på synen på döden och döendet bland hospicepersonal? En intervjustudie genomfördes med tre vårdare yrkesverksamma vid ett hospice i Sverige.

The term euthanasia is derived from the Greek terms eu meaning good and thanatos meaning death, "good death". The penetrating captive bolt is an effective method of euthanasia, when use of drugs is inappropriate. The horse becomes immediately unconscious and falls to the ground. First after the blood is emptied from the body the horse is dead. The use of injectable euthanasia agents is a rapid and reliable method of performing euthanasia. The aim is to stop the flow of oxygenated blood to vital organs and tissues. The muscle relaxants may be used either in combination wih or following an anaesthetic dose of barbiturate, their use use as a sole agent is totally inhumane.

Child sex tourism is a growing problem in todays globalized world.This paper is conserned with the problems of those who isn't sexually drawn to children when they are in their own community but who, on their travels, sexually abuse them.The aim of the study is to analyze what makes people commiting sex crime abroad, and breake those laws which, usually, are in line with the persons own values and normsystems.What impact has travelling and tourism on the behaviour of the individual? And which social factors makes people into sudden offenders? By comparing the litterature on child sex turismwith theories in sociology and criminology you could se some factors of and structures in society contributing to the issue..

Background: Nurses´daily has to face death and dying in their work with patients in a palliative state.  This means both emotionell and workrelated challenges. However nurses in this context are not experiencing more stress then others.Aim: The aim is to describe nurses´experiences of caring for patients in a palliative state.Method: A litterature review based on ten qualitative articles published between 2006- 2012. To collect data we used the databases Cinahl, PubMed, Nursing Allied Health Source and Medline. We worked with Fribergs (2006) model ?Contribute to evidensbased care with a base in analyses of qualitative science? in the analysis.Result: Four main themes were identified; The meaning of the nurses´ spirituality in the care, Why the nurse choose to work in this field, To be certain in the professional role and The meaning of the caring relationship.

AbstractMycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi. Moulds producing mycotoxins grow on various crops that are used as horse feeds. Since the treatments of mycotoxin poisoned horses are limited it is important to prevent production of mycotoxins in feed. The major mycotoxin producing moulds in horse feeds are Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp. and Aspergillus spp.

The essay deals with the understanding of the two key concepts from Sein und Zeit (SZ) mentioned in the headline, including a debate on the issue of das Man in Inquiry: an Interdisciplinary Journal of Philosophy. It is noted that reading SZ involves being simultaneously written by the work in a process of reciprocity; this entails a questioning of alleged possession of this or any work, it having been made accessible to the public by its publication.Das Man, as a concept for inauthenticity, needs a counterpart for authenticity, which in SZ is provided by Eigentlichkeit, Self-ownership.This comes into existence via ?being-towards-death?, where the caring being, as a being of possibilities, encounters its ultimate possibility death which is also the end of possibilities.The Inquiry debate, the main contenders of which were Hubert Dreyfus and Frederick Olafson, hinges on the question whether das Man should be understood primarily as ?at bottom a deformation of Mitsein? (Olafson) or ?the conformity necessary for the institution of collectively intelligible social practices (Dreyfus, in the words of his advocate in the debate, Taylor Carman). Both sides, however, give evidence of misreadings of SZ of a kind that call for an explanation. The proposal is that this could be given in an analysis of such a rhetoric of polemics that transforms SZ into a state of Vorhandenheit when making it an object of investigation by the contenders rather than such a tool for being-changed that is mentioned above.The relation between the two aspects of das Man, as oppressive know-all or as forms of established truth for Dasein, remains unsolved, however.

Följande är en översikt över mitt kandidatarbete som jag arbetade med under våren 2009. Dokumentets första del beskriver projektets mål, uppbyggnad och slutresultat samt min arbetsprocess. I del II reflekterar jag över mitt arbete och vad jag har lärt mig. Till slut finns en ordlista där en del facktermer förklaras, samt några utdrag ur designdokumentet som var en del av mitt projekt..

Gastric ulcer is a common disease among pigs in the whole world where an intensiveproduction occurs. It is mainly the upper region, the nonglandular region of the stomach thatis affected. Gastric ulceration is a disease with several risk factors. The factor that seems tohave the largest impact on the development of gastric ulceration is a small particle size of thefeed. The reported prevalence of gastric ulceration differs from 5 to 100 % and it is a largeherd-to-herd variation.