Today, maintenance is a big part of the daily life on board ships. It is also one of the bigger expenses a shipping company has and without any loss of quality tries to run as economically advantageous as possible. In the hunt for economical savings the shore-based industry has subsequently applied the use of condition based maintenance, CBM, were a component is maintained according to its actual state. This leads to a reduction of maintenance costs since no parts are unnecessarily replaced. However, within the maritime sector a periodical maintenance is still the most commonly used maintenance system.The purpose of this paper is to chart the factors that are the reason for the low implementation of CBM on board the Swedish merchant fleet's ships.

Syfte ? Syftet med denna uppsats var att genom existerande fallstudier, enkätundersökningar och annan sekundärdata identifiera vilka faktorer som ger upphov till motstånd vid implementeringen av ERP-system och hur detta motstånd kan förebyggas.Metod ? Metoden som användes i denna uppsats är dokument. Dokument i denna uppsats var sekundärdata i form av artiklar och böcker från världsledande journaler inom området ERP-implementering. Uppsatsens teori, analyser och modeller bygger kring dessa artiklar och böcker.Resultat och analys ? Resultaten från denna studie tyder på att alla ERP-implementeringar möter motstånd vid ERP-projekt.

The intrest and development of bioenergy and energy from renewable sources in Sweden has increased rapidly over the last few years. There are a whole lot of alternatives for those who would like to venture and invest in renewable energy production. Production of renewable energy opens up many opportunities for forestry and farming to venture a new branch of production, on basis of the primary production. Several of the new energy sources grows on farmland or in the forest. The opportunities exist in the primary products, as well as in refining and reselling, in the value chain of energy. The starting-point is the Farmer as an energyproducer. This master thesis studies the nature of farmer-own firms, who has invested in production of renewable energy.

The purpose of this thesis has been to investigate the effect of introducing the qualitystandard ISO 9001:2000 at Metso Paper Service in Sundsvall. The investigation has been focused on implementation of the new method of work, Continuous improvements. The implementation has been studied in a case study with both a qualitative and quantitative method. Continuous Improvements is a way of working focused on continuously increasing the efficiency and having the purpose of achieving the formulated goals. This is often accomplished by the organisation carrying out the changing process to a great extent in small but efficient teams.

När organisationer implementerar ett nytt ERP-systemligger deras intresse påkonkurrensfördelar och ekonomiska vinster. Det fokuseras på vilka fördelar systemet kan georganisationeni form av snabbare ledtider, reducerade kostnader, bättre beslutsstöd och resursöversikt. Dessa konkreta fördelar ärävenlättare att hålla koll på och att mäta. Svårigheter finns i att hantera fördelar som systemet kan ge användarna. Implementation av ett nytt, verksamhetsövergripande, ERP-system kan påverka kärnprocesser, arbetsmönster och uppgifter.

Problem: Small companies dominate the skin care industry, and they also face moredifficulties, constraints and resistance in strategy implementation and sustainabilitywork than other operators. Still, the trend of sustainability strategies increasesignificantly precisely in this industry.Purpose: The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge to the field ofsustainability strategies and motives for the implementation of them in smallercompanies who engage with skin care, in Sweden.Framing of a question: Why do some smaller Swedish companies in the skin careindustry choose to implement sustainability strategies in their business?Literature: The literature functions as a framework for the study and is considered toidentify the possible reasons why small companies choose to implement sustainabilitystrategies or not. The literature is collected before the empirical data.Method: This paper is constructed by a qualitative method approach. The empiricaldata were collected through interviews, by telephone, personal meetings and email,which were then transcribed and the interpreted by a model, which the authors havecreated.Conclusion: Smaller companies are often met by larger resistance and an until up tothe present slowly emerging industry with vague rules and controls as well as ancomparative knowledge of what is good and what is not.

The essay treats how a process of implementation was executed and the teachers? relation to two curricula, Lpo94 and Lgr11, with two different grading systems, which have functioned as models for one and the same year. The purpose is to investigate the ways in which a change in curricula and syllabus affects teachers in their teaching and assessment practice in the subject of Swedish at secondary school. The investigation had a phenomenological approach and was executed by means of in-depth interviews, questionnaires and one observation. The results are based on a methodological triangulation with qualitative and quantitative data where visible similarities and differences are brought out.

In conjunction with an overview of the organizational structure of the municipality of Arvika the Balanced Scorecard was introduced as a management model. After the Balanced Scorecard has been in use over a period of years the conception of it varies throughout the organization.The purpose of this study is identifying which factors are facilitating and which factors are obstructing when implementing the Balanced Scorecard in the municipality of Arvika. This is a case study of the staff organization of the municipality of Arvika. The study is explanatory as our objective is to describe why the current situation appears as it does today. A qualitative method has been applied during this study.

The aim of this systematic review is to study the scientific literature related to the implementation of evidence-based nursing..

Purpose: The aim of the study is to analyse why the socialworker at the socialservices havn?t implemented the perspective of woman as subordinate and men as superior.Questions: Is the perspective of woman as subordinate and men as superior significant for the socialworker? Is the organisation, colleagues or de individuals thought structure of importance when it comes to implement the perspective? Does the socialworkers view of the clients as victims have an impact on the fact that the perspective has been given interest? Method: Critical case study. Flexible design; The study is based on interviews with socialworkers and study of documents and statisticsConclusion: One of the central findings of the field study was that the implementation of the perspective of woman as subordinate and men as superior was of no use for the socialworkers as they saw it. The findings showed that the definition of a victim was not used or that they were unconscious that the definition of a victim did affect them in their work. The possibilities for the organisation to learn is of  importance for the implementation of the perspective of woman as subordinate and men as superior.

The aim of this paper is to explain how the European Union?s common strategy for theCommon Foreign- and Security Policy (CFSP) will change with the implementation of the Treaty of Lisbon. A comparative case study and qualitative method is used. On the basis of Smith?s theory of institutionalization we will analyze two member states: France and Denmark.

Sveriges landsting har börjat införa nya kliniska informationssystem som komplement till sina elektroniska patientjournaler. Målet är att kunna förnya och effektivisera existerande system och processer, sänka sjukvårdkostnader samt öka patientsäkerhet och kvalité i vården.Trots betydande investeringar i nya kliniska informationssystem har inga övertygande bevis kunnat presenteras för systemens övergripande effekter i organisationen. Ny forskning anser att detta huvudsakligen beror på en trög användning av nya informationssystem som varken är kompatibla eller lätt att använda, samt att verksamhetsområdena inte har lyckats återanpassa sina kliniska processer till det nya systemet. Denna fallstudie har genomförts hos verksamhetsområdet för Thoraxkirurgi och Anestesi vid Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala. Studien redogör för den medvetenhet projektledning och organisation har kring riskindikatorer och dess effekter vid införseln av ett kliniskt informationssystem. Aktuella risksamband visar att implementationen kommer leda till en trög användning av systemet på grund av att man inte lyckats återanpassa verksamhetens kliniska processer till det nya systemet.

Undersökningen behandlar problem som tidigare forskning har uppmärksammat kring användandet av standarden XMI. XMI är avsedd för utbyte av modeller mellan modelleringsverktyg. Problem som uppmärksammats i användningen av XMI är att information om modeller inte alltid utbyts korrekt mellan verktyg. Detta kan resultera i att viktig information om modellerna går förlorad.Undersökningen har till syfte att undersöka huruvida det är möjligt att extrahera data från modeller sparade i XMI-format utan tillgång till DTD eller XML-schema. En sådan möjlighet skulle kunna användas för att rädda information om modeller som annars skulle gå förlorad.Den metod som har används för undersökningen är litteraturstudie, experiment och implementation samt hypotesprövning.

In Rio De Janeiro, 1992, was the first document signed that meant a responsibility for industrial countries to decrease their emissions, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Thirteen years later was the first legal binding document signed, the Kyoto protocol, and for the first time industrial countries all over the world was bound to decrease their emissions on greenhouse gases. Within the framework of this commitment, three flexible mechanisms (Clean Development mechanism, Joint Implementation and Emission trading) were introduced with the function to reduce the economical costs of the commitment. The flexible mechanisms Emission Trading (ET) is what this report is about.The report starts with a description of carbon dioxide and it?s effect on the environment, thereafter comes a background review of the national agreements who lies as a ground to the implementation of emission trading as a management control measure in Sweden and the rest of the world.Keywords: United Framework Convention on Climate Change, Kyoto protocol, Flexible mechanisms, Emission trading, carbon dioxide .

The purpose of this paper is to through a conceptual definition, outline the meaning of integrated reporting. The empirical study aims to identify the development of integrated reporting in terms of driving forces and participants. We also intend to identify and explain the effects of integrated reporting and to describe, analyze and create an understanding of what is required of companies and the challenges an application of integrated can bring. To achieve the purpose of this paper, we have formulated a central question; What is integrated reporting and what will this development mean for companies?  To answer the central question of this paper we have chosen to apply a qualitative approach with case studies as a research strategy.