This Masters thesis work describes a comparison between two different methods for estimation of the down channel (base station to mobile subscriber) in Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). The first estimation method, Optimal Feed-forward Channel Estimation (OFCE), is a conventional method that bases the estimates on data that is known to both sender and receiver, so called pilots. The second method, Decision Directed Channel Estimation (DDCE), is an elaboration of OFCE. It also uses user data for estimation. Simulations show that DDCE, in comparison to OFCE, does not attain an improvement in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for high bit error rates (BER).

Since studies points out declining interest in science among students in Swedish schools, I have in this paper chosen to examine how some students at the Social Science Programme are experiencing the lessons in Natural Science and how to make lessons more interesting according to these students.The purpose of this study was to gain a greater understanding of how teachers would develop new perspectives and tools to make lessons in Natural Science more interesting. I also wanted to investigate whether an intercultural perspective could be a possible tool to increase students? interest and motivation.As a theoretical framework, I have assumed Vygotskij's sociocultural perspective, Habermas's theory of deliberative conversations and an intercultural perspective. Through a qualitative approach, I conducted interviews with students and teachers. The main results showed that students felt that natural Science lessons were too theoretical and undemocratic and that they wanted to have more student interactions, such as discussions and group works.

The use of out-door pedagogy in the school has been frequently high-lighted during recent years. To which extent out-door education was practised in the school depends on the opinions among the active teachers. The aim of this study was to examine the opinions on out-door pedagogy among teachers in classes 4-6 of the elementary school and to find out to which extent the teacher used out-door teaching. The study was based on qualitatively structured interviews with 4 teachers having different lenght of teaching experience. The results of the interviews showed that the teachers had different opinions on the definition of out-door pedagogy.

The aim of this essay is to create an understanding, of how teachers comprehend knowledge, grades and tests in a school context. It is important to get a grip of the different parts of the teacher?s reality. The test, the grades and knowledge are deeply connected as a part of a whole. The teachers view on knowledge can not be understood without asking about the practical parts of their work and understand how the different parts are dependent on each other.The main material consists of interviews with four teachers that work in a public mandatory school in the south suburbs of Stockholm.

To read and understand are essential competences for everyone in our society; at the same time reading comprehension among Swedish pupils is on the decline. The Swedish school must therefore try to improve their instructions to increase the students' reading comprehension. The aim of the study was to describe how three reading comprehension strategies, if possible, could improve the reading comprehension for the students, including children with learning disabilities, when reading texts of natural science in a third-grade class. The three strategies that were introduced were: to activate prior knowledge, to structure information and to record contents. The questions of the study were: How are the three strategies introduced in the classroom? Can the children with learning disabilities see any benefits for their reading comprehension when working with the strategies? How do the children with learning disabilities experience working with the strategies? Can the teacher see any benefits when working with the strategies? Is it possible to see any differences among the students' results, before and after completed intervention? Method: The results have been collected through observations and qualitative interviews, which make this a qualitative study.

SammanfattningVårt examensarbete i pedagogik handlar om kränkningar mellan lärare och elever på Colin Leclairgymnasiet i Södertälje. Syftet med studien var att finna när och hur kränkningar mellan lärare och elever förekommer, och i vilken utsträckning kränkningar förekommer.Metoden vi har valt att använda i studien är en fallstudie. Studien är gjord med hjälp av en enkätundersökning som både lärare och elever på skolan har besvarat. Tjugo lärare och åttioåtta elever har besvarat vår enkätundersökning. Frågorna handlade bland annat om:? Har du känt dig kränkt av någon lärare/elev någon gång?? Beskriv händelsen i ord.? Har du själv någon gång omedvetet och/eller medvetet kränkt någon lärare/elev?? Hur kan man förebygga kränkningar?Resultatet i vår undersökning visar att elever svarar ärligare än sina lärare då de ska reflektera över sig själva.

Title: Sing in Swedish! The purpose of this study is to find out how songs and singing could complement Swedish second language education. The method I have used to collect information is qualitative interviews with four persons with different professions: a teacher, a choirleader, a singing teacher and a medical doctor and a laryngologist. The study begins with a few thoughts about my interest in the subject, followed by a short overview of other studies and literature that has been published on the subject. The persons I have interviewed has experiences of either singing, use of voice or teaching of the Swedish language. The results of the interviews have been analysed and compared with the literature.

The aim of this study was to examine how the interviewed teachers in one school observe their view of gender and equality regarding the educational system.  Accordingly, I would like to present my intention with this study, also be to analyze how the interviewed teachers way of working with matters of gender and equality, carry out as a portrait of their values considering the distribution in terms of gender. The research questions are the following: What is the teachers view on the concepts of equality and gender in school?How do different teachers talk about their way of working in relation to gender and equality in school?How is boys and girls images presented in the teachers descriptions in their discussion about gender and equality?This study is based on a fundamental qualitative method, where a handful number of teacher?s from one school were interviewed in order to obtain information and data for the examination. The interviews were analyzed and discussed in association to earlier research in aspiration to study different writer?s theories about the conception of gender and equality.

The purpose of this study is to illustrate how some teachers in multicultural school environments reflecton and experience the educational work with national tests in the third grade for students who do not have Swedish as their native language. The research questions I have chosen to work with are:How do teachers experience working with national tests in groups of students where there are children with Swedish as a second language?How do the teachers reflect on the students linguistic preconditions relating to the national tests in these groups of students?What strategies in their teaching on national tests do the teachers use when it comes to students with Swedish as a second language?In this study I have chosen to use a qualitative interview method. Since the purpose of the study is to understand how teachers reflect on students with Swedish as a second language the obvious choice was to interview teachers who work in a multicultural school. In my thesis I have chosen to use sociocultural theory, Cummins four quadrant model and context for theoretical approach.

This study is about relocated students in the school. Research in this area is limited and the aim is to illuminate the area by listening to different people's voices that have been close to or involved in relocations. The study was made of a qualitative method and the collection of data was through interviews. A total of eight people were included in the study. The selected municipality is located in Sweden.

This is a qualitative study whit purpose of showing how teachers work whit students in need of special support in school. The purpose has been to study what teachers mean whit special aid, and if the support is individually adapted for each students needs. I have trougt interviews, observations and examinations of diverse documents found paradoxes where teachers and the scool leaders claim that they work whit the integration of all the students at school, while the teality shows a different picture. I have found a clear segregation of students, where they have on repeated occasions had to leave the classroom to receive tuition. The school stuff has a wide iiew of wich students are included in the term "students in need of special tuition".

Kroppsmissnöje är mer utbrett hos kvinnor än hos män visar tidigare studier (Feingold & Mazzella, 1998) men även män börjar bli kroppsmissnöjda (Cash, Morrow, Hrabosky & Perry, 2004). Detta undersöktes tillsammans med självkänsla och kroppsjämförelse hos män och kvinnor och även de som har partner eller är singlar i ljuset av Social Comparison Theory och Cognitive Dissonance Theory. 133 personer testades med Body-Esteem scale, Figure Drawing Rating Scale, Self-esteem Scale och Universalistic Social Comparison Scale. Resultatet indikerar att båda könen är relativt nöjda men kvinnorna är något mindre nöjda med utseendet med sin kropp. Studien visar även att kvinnors idealbild är en smalare kropp medan männens idealbild är en muskulösare kropp.

In this essay, I analyze the syllabus for Swedish with specific regard to literature teaching. I identify three different perspectives which carries seperate implications. First, a text-centered perspective, which tends to position the importance of the text as a part of a tradition. However, this seems to distance the reading from the reader, and place the importance of the reading event outside the student. The consequence might be that the student employs an instrumental reading which simply responds to a pre-set idea of meaning.

The ambition with this piece of work, a collaborative project between a landscape architecture student and an architecture student, is to design a centre for art and culture at Lilla Stenshuvud near Kivik in Skåne in the south of Sweden. Though the project draws upon existing plans for an institution like this on the site, it has been independently developed and can thus be regarded as a project sufficient in itself. During the work-in-progress a proposal has been shaped which considers the existing landscape and emphasizes its characteristics. Great effort has been invested in the centre?s location, and thereafter the work has focused on finding an expression for the art centre that connects to the specific character of the surroundings in this part of Skåne.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how high school students felt that the computer helped or hindered participation and self-esteem in the learning situation and if the students experienced any differences between when they had been relatively alone in using a computer compared to when everyone had their own computer. The starting point was the national one-to-one projects made to give every student access to a personal computer and how it affected students in special educational needs and previous research. The theoretical approach was based on socioculture/activity theory and theories of self-esteem. Ten high school students in grade one at a senior high school that previously had started up a one-to-one project was interviewed. The results showed that the students primarily used the computer to write and to search the Internet, but even as a alternative or compensatory tool.