The access to good sanitary facilities is an important factor that elevates the experienced living standard as it improves hygiene and reduces the transmission of deseases. The ratification of the millennium goals by 189 countries demonstrates that this is an important international issue. Together the countries have taken upon themselves that the proportion of the population that lacked access to sustainable safe drinking water and sanitary facilities in the year 2000 will have been reduced by half by the year 2015. In Peru, the construction of sewage pipe networks to transport the sewage out of the direct human environment is progressing. The safety and sustainability of these systems can be questioned, since in Peru the sewage seldom receive any treatment before being emitted to a recipient. This is taking place in Picota and sorrunding villages as well. In the last 25 years several systems implementing small-scale onsite treatment have been introduced throughout Latin America in an attempt to give more people access to sustainable and safe sanitary facilities, reducing water consumption and taking advantage of the agricultural values of the sewage fractions while protecting the environment from its negative impact. In this study three different sanitary systems and the effects of different population growths were compared.

The aim of this project was to describe and to evaluate five small sewage treatment plants in the municipality of Laholm, Sweden, in order to investigate the treatment efficiency and to evaluate if effluents comply with discharge permits. The treatment systems were designed to treat effluents from 90 to 500 population equivalents. A report on the design and the present state of each sewage treatment plant has been made. This was made based upon previous documentation on water quality and by new sampling campaign as there were only a few previous measurements. Data has been evaluated and remedial actions proposed for those treatment plants that don?t fulfill discharge permits.

A water treatment unit consisting of two aeration basins, two settling tanks, a residence basinand a horizontal subsurface flow wetland were used to treat wastewater from an eggprocessing factory in Brazil. The aim of this paper was to determine the efficiency of thesystem in reducing nitrogen, phosphorus, BOD5 and TSS (among other parameters) andgetting a further understanding on different kinds of constructed treatment wetlands as well astheir nitrogen and phosphorus removal processes. The wastewater from the factory consistedof process water from manufacturing and water used for cleaning, no stormwater or sewagewater entered the system. Tests were taken three times a month from October 2013 ?til April2014.

The park at Djäkneberget and its surroundings is a beloved area in the city of Västerås. The area is one of the most popular sites for outdoor life and recreation of all sorts and it attracts different kind of people at different times during the day. The park includes a pond-system where protected species of frog and toad live and breed. These animals have been the objects for many discussions concerning whether to explore the closeby areas or not. The prospected area is situated just next to one of the main ponds and consists of valuable foundationwalls were experts predict that the frogs and toads spend the winter. The municipality has now decided to restore this area to parkland. Because of the areas fascinating history I have chosen to do some research and give a short resume about it. For example are the existing park of Djäkneberget and its founder described together with a short description of the watersystem with the watertower that is situated in the area.

The vegetation?s impact on erosion control is widely explored, even though research? results are scattered where it suggests a both positive and negative relationship between roots and erosion tendency. Research has measured the roots? impact on erosion by many different methods, hence the aim of this study is to offer a clearance of what factors play an important role in the choice of appropriate species controlling river bank erosion. I have therefore studied 17 articles concerning vegetation and erosion control, which were found in different databases such as: Web of Knowledge, Biological Sciences, Academic Search Elite and Google Scholar.

Regnbäddar, eller Rain Gardens, är växtbäddar som både fördröjer och renar dagvatten och är ett sätt att efterlikna naturens eget sätt att rena vatten. Regnbäddar kan finnas i gatumiljö och samsas med fordon och trottoarer. Det kan även vara en vacker detalj i en villaträdgård. Klimatförändringarna ger oss kraftigare nederbörd under kortare perioder och kommer framöver att ge oss blötare vintrar och torrare somrar. Det traditionella dagvattensystemet som snabbt leder bort vatten från staden är omodernt och ineffektivt. Regnbädden tar hand om vattnet på plats och tillsammans med gröna tak, svackdiken och genomsläppliga markbeläggningar skapas ett uthålligt dagvattensystem.

Alnarp?s Healing Garden is a place for rehabilitation as well as an ongoing multidisciplinary scientific research experiment. The garden is built on research results from the disciplines of Landscape architecture, Environmental Psychology and Garden Therapy. In the garden, people diagnosed with burnout syndromes are being rehabilitated. The participants need safe and calm environments which activate their bodies self healing systems. Theories show that water as an element, per se, increases the observer?s preference for an environment.

Dragonflies are fascinating. The larvae stays larvae from a couple of weeks up to 5 years, it depends on the species (Hansen, 1981). The temperature, nourishment and time of the year also play a role for the growing factor for the larvae. Both Sahlén (1985) and Begon a.o (1990) say so. My report contains information about the branched setae on the front legs from the family damselflies (Zygoptera) and the species Coenagrion.

This thesis has been carried out at the Department of Urban and Rural Development at SLU Ultuna during the spring semester 2009. The topic of the paper is how energy consumption can be influenced through design and if the conditions for good design decreases when solutions based on energy efficiency are used. The report is divided into one literature study and one part where energy efficient solutions are used in a design. The thesis work has its origin in a project called "Energihus i Uppsala." The planned building will be a center for energy research in Uppsala. The project aims to demonstrate to the public what is currently happening in research related to energy.

The effect of climate change places demands on how we build cities. Cities have to be built denser to meet the objectives of sustainability but as a result of this densification city green areas are at risk of exploitationand disappearing. The question this raises is whether there has to be an opposition between a dense and a green city?Urban trees are playing a very important role in cities. They stand as the major part of the vegetation in citieswhich are otherwise dominated with concrete and stone.

I den ha?r studien implementeras en finita elementmetod fo?r att lo?sa optimala styrpro- blem i programvaran FEniCS. Den finita elementmetod som anva?nds a?r ha?mtad fra?n Karin Krafts doktorsavhandling Adaptive Finite Element Methods for Optimal Control Problems [2].Optimala styrproblem behandlar styrning av dynamiska system. Systemen beskrivs av en tillsta?ndsekvation och ma?let a?r att styra systemet mot ett visst tillsta?nd till en sa? la?g kostnad som mo?jligt.

There are plenty of exciting changes being developed in Tre Högar´s Park, which is located in the district of Linero, eastern Lund. A project group representing Linero If, Lugi Tennis and Linero/Östra Torn Health centre, has been created and is responsible for managing a development project of the Park. Their main focus is to create sports, exercise, health-promotion, health-care, recreation and rehabilitation facilities. They view the park area as having great potential and will transform it into a purpose built park for Health and Exercise. There are various authorities involved with and engaged in the scheme; aside from the project group, the municipality of Lund, The sport association of the handicapped and local schools are being consulted.

Water is the most essential resource for life. In cases where drinking water is processed from surface water it is important to ensure the raw water is of good quality, and is suitable for processing through the water treatment plant.The drinking water for Västerås is sourced from Västeråsfjärden, in the western side of Lake Mälaren. The city itself is home to marinas, ports, a wastewater treatment plant, the Svartån outlet, sewage pumping stations and stormwater outlets. Because of the negative effects these activities have on surface water quality, Mälarenergi AB is interested in relocating the raw water intake point to Granfjärden, 10 km east of Västeråsfjärden. At Granfjärden the intake point would be less exposed to the activities in Västerås, and could be placed at a greater depth, resulting in better water quality.In this Master?s thesis the water quality and the pollution risks at Västeråsfjärden and Granfjärden sites are compared.

Efter att en rad uppmärksammade nationella fusioner stoppats av EU-kommissionen har en debatt huruvida konkurrensreglerna ska tolkas och huruvida de är rättvisa utlösts. Utifrån denna bakgrund var uppsatsen syfte att skapa förståelse för olikheter i svenska företags respektive EU-kommissionens syn på konkurrenseffekter i fusionssammanhang. Författarna i denna studie hade för avsikt att beskriva de olika parternas syn på konkurrenseffekter samt analysera vad olikheternabaseras på. För att kunna besvara syftet genomfördes en kvalitativ studie med intervjuer som tillsammans med EU-kommissionens perspektiv i de olika fusionerna utgör grunderna i empirikapitlet. Teorikapitlet baseras på Porters branschstrukturanalys, PIMS och teori om olika marknadsstrukturer.

Dagvatten har kommit att anses som den största föroreningskällan för sjöar och vattendrag i närhet av städer och tätorter. I syfte att skydda känsliga recipienter och upprätthålla en hög vattenkvalitet är rening av dagvatten centralt. Dagvattendammar är en kostnadseffektiv åtgärd och en väl använd metod för reducering av dagvattenföroreningar i Sverige. StormTac är en dagvatten- och recipientmodell som används för beräkning av föroreningstransport och dimensionering av dagvattenreningsanläggningar. EU:s ramdirektiv för vatten är ett nationsöverskridande samarbete som ställer krav på medlemsländerna att upprätta god vattenkvalitet för samtliga vattenförekomster till år 2015.