Reverse logistics is getting more and more attention both from companies and the public. It is an area with the possibility for companies to do good in the eyes of the public. This work focus on the return system of a one-way handling material called the loading ledge. The loading ledge is developed by IKEA as a substitute for the EUR-pallet in transports from suppliers with a long distance and even flow and in transports from suppliers with short distance and uneven flow. The loading ledge is made out of 100 % recyclable plastic.The purpose of this work is to find the most efficient set-up for recycling of loading ledges within IKEA on a European level from a transport and handling point of view considering aspects like cost, environment, time and, from an administrative point of view, user-friendliness.Who will the participants of the set-up be, where will they be located, which transports are needed and which income and costs does the set-up generate, are questions that will be answered.

With the days DGPS-technology can a position of 5 centimetres decides. With this exactly position is the technology very interesting for the agriculture. I think this technology can come more and more in the future. You can also move the fact and information further to the spreader, sprayer and seeders. If the combine is equipped with harvest accounting, can you with help of the system make harvest maps.

Detta arbete undersöker Sveriges val att delta med stridsflyg i Libyen-kriget 2011. Syftet är att öka förståelsen för beslutsprocessen och för orsakerna till beslutet. En holistisk enfallstudie av besluts-processen genomförs utifrån perspektiven möjlighet och vilja, vilka tar sin grund i en teori som ut-vecklats av Harvey Starr. En teoriutveckling genomförs med en kunskapsöversikt över tidigare forskningsresultat på det studerade fallet som grund. Orsakskategorier skapas vilka sedan används i analysen av empirin.

With growing economies and better living standards in many parts of the world today, there is a need of expanding the capacity of generating electricity. The alternatives for renewable energy technologies are not fully developed and have still some problems to conquer.The company Minesto has developed a technology that is called Deep Green. It is designed to gain electricity from tidal currents. Deep Green works in a similar way as a kite that is attached to the seafloor with a moving wire. It contains of a wing that moves due to the water current.

Det sägs att en fjärils vingslag i Brasilien kan utlösa en storm i Texas. I vår alltmer globaliserade samtid ligger det troligen mer sanning i det sagda än någonsin tidigare. Föremålet för föreliggande uppsatsen är en rättsgrundsats ? en av Högsta domstolen etablerad rättsprincip ? betecknad påståendedoktrinen, närmare bestämt doktrinens betydelse i skiljetvister i allmänhet och i investeringstvister i synnerhet. Bakgrunden till de problemställningar varom uppsatsen handlar står att finna i Högsta domstolens avgörande NJA 2008 s 406, vari Högsta domstolen, med undanröjande av skiljenämndens dom, gjorde följande synnerligen intressanta uttalande: ?Det är en etablerad grundsats i svensk rätt att skiljemännen vid [behörighetsprövningen] skall tillämpa påståendedoktrinen.

I samband med att intresset för att bygga högre trähus har ökat så krävs nya lösningar för att t.ex. kunna möta efterfrågan på stora öppna ytor och långa spännvidder. Träbjälklag med lång spännvidd har dock oftast svårigheter med att klara kraven på svikt och vibrationer. Ett nyutvecklat förslag på träbjälklag som förmodas klara dessa krav bättre än traditionella träbjälklag har varit utgångspunkten för detta examensarbete där syftet har varit att undersöka bjälklagets styvhet. Detta gjordes laborativt genom att bygga och testa en prototyp av det föreslagna bjälklaget och genom att en numerisk modell baserad på finita element metoden togs fram och användes för att studera hur olika parametrar påverkar bjälklagets styvhetsegenskaper.Bjälklagets design bygger på fackverksprincipen i primärriktningen och på balkverkan i sekundärriktningen.

I dagsläget när intresset för miljövänlig energi ökar, ses den småskaliga vattenkraften som ett sätt att minska Sveriges import av energi. I Sverige finns det tusentals nedlagda kvarnar och små vattenkraftstationer som med små medel skulle kunna börja leverera energi. I Björkefall i Olofströms kommun finns en privatägd och övergiven kvarn. Detta arbete undersöker möjligheterna till en småskalig vattenkraftstation i denna åt Olofströms Kraft AB.Småskalig, vattenkraft, elkraft, generator, turbin .

Chewing behaviour includes both eating and ruminating activity. Chewing behaviour is of great importance for the feed intake as through the action of chewing (i.e. eating and ruminating) animals mechanically process the forages in small particle sizes and prepare the food for digestion. As cattle grow the chewing behaviour changes along with increasing body weight and chewing efficiency is increased. The aim of this thesis was to review the available scientific literature in order to describe chewing behaviour in growing cattle, as well as the factors that affect this behaviour.

På några sekunder förändras livet när någon i ens närhet drabbas av hjärtinfarkt. Sjuksköterskor möter i sitt arbete närstående till drabbade. Studier visar att sjuksköterskor upplever svårigheter att möta närstående och det saknas kunskap om deras upplevelser, vilka behov de har och vilket bemötande de önskar få. Syftet är att beskriva närståendes upplevelser av att leva med en person som drabbats av hjärtinfarkt. Metoden är en litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats.

The corn plant came to Europe with Christopher Columbus in the 14th century and have ever since bin cropped here, but corn haven?t bin very common in Scandinavia until recently. The mainly use for this crop silage but even corn for grain is cropped in Europe. Corn for grain is a common part of feed in beef and chicken farming. In Sweden corn for grain is pretty rare but almost 1000 hectares are used for this crop, Lantmännen Sverige is the biggest buyer of corn at the moment.

The limit for mercury in fish, set by health authorities, is exceeded in about half of the lakes in Sweden. Methyl mercury (MeHg) is the most toxic form of mercury and accumulates in fish. Therefore transformation of inorganic mercury (Hg) to methylmercury (MeHg) is an important process that we need to understand in order to possibly counteract the negative effects of mercury in the environment. The seasonal dynamics of mercury biogeochemistry is likely of great importance for the accumulation of MeHg in the aquatic food web. In thesis the chemical speciation and transformations of Hg and MeHg in bottom waters and sediments is followed in Ängessjön, a small lake located on the east coast in the middle of Sweden. The lake is not directly affected by any industrial pollution and concentrations of Hg in the sediment reflect the atmospheric deposition in this area, as well as processes taking place along the hydrological pathways from soil to lake. Samples from sediment, bottom- and streamwater were collected in average every second month during the period Feb.

There are several methods and models within the areas of software engineering on how to proceed during a software development process. For each of these methods and models there are benefits and drawbacks, depending on how you choose to look at them. A difference of principle between the different models is that they either advocate iterative development or not. In parts of software engineering one makes use of different methods depending on which is most fitting in a specific situation. There are several methods on how to recieve more qualitative data from the end-users during the requirement collection, but the reappearing pattern is still user centric participation, which means that the user participates more actively in part of or the entire development process.

Today the individual ventilated cage system (IVC-system) is the most commonly used system when housing rodents. IVC systems are designed to control both supply and exhausted air at cage level, as well as temperature and relative humidity in the cages. This creates an optimal environment for the mouse and at the same time a protection against the risk of cross-infection between cages and the outside environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the health and welfare for two different strains of laboratory mice (NMRI nude mice and C57BL/6NCrl mice) in three different kinds of IVC-systems; Arrowmight, Allentown and Tecniplast. 108 mouse pups from each strain (in total 216 mice) were selected after weaning at an age of three weeks and tested during 5 weeks.

Hösten 2013 stormade det i Sverige ett flertal gånger. En av dem, stormen Ivar, fällde 4,3 miljoner skogskubikmeter privatägd skog med kärnområde i Medelpad och Jämtland. De senaste åren har varit stormtäta och en mängd erfarenheter finns från att hantera stormarnas konsekvenser. Dock saknas forskning om hur skogsägarna resonerar efter en storm och upp-lever de stormtjänster som erbjuds, vilket lade grunden för detta examensarbete. Syftet var därför att ta reda på och förklara hur skogsägarna upplevde stormen Ivar från stormtillfället till nästan ett år efter stormens framfart, vad som påverkar den upplevda tjänstekvaliteten och hur framtidens stormtjänst bör se ut.

New Zealand is currently the third largest global producer of kiwifruit and thus plays an important role in the international market. Exports of kiwifruit are also of significant horticultural value for New Zealand and in 2007 the kiwifruit industry accounted for export values of NZ$790 million. The global kiwifruit market has experienced substantial changes in recent years and is likely to change significantly in the near future due to developments in production sources, adjustments to trade policy settings and shifts in consumer preferences. The New Zealand kiwifruit industry needs to consider what the impacts of these changes might be so that future strategies can be constructed effectively. Little quantitative modelling has been done in New Zealand to consider the impacts of changes to the global kiwifruit industry. The major contribution of this research was the development and calibration of a kiwifruit industry-specific partial equilibrium trade model. The model was then used to examine the impacts on New Zealand producers of these trade-related changes in the global kiwifruit market.