The society of today is dependent of secure transports and deliveries of electrical power. Interruptions in different activities because of fallen trees cost a great deal of money in form of reparations and claimed damages for transport companies and electrical suppliers. Fallen trees along some railway sections are a severe problem. For instance, to repair the damages of the storm of week 5 year 2002, costed 2 800 000 SEK for the line region of Hässleholm. Today, the Banverket railroad company has no norms in general for how close to the railway the forest is allowed to grow.

There have previously been very few studies of forests on Seram Island in the Eastern Indonesian archipelago and none before on lowland limestone primary forests. The COLUPSIA project on collaborative land use planning has therefore chosen Seram as one of two project sites. The objective of the COLUPSIA project is to establish collaborative and equitable land use planning. In order to achieve its objective the COLUPSIA project aims to improve understanding of traditional resource management and how it interacts with governmental systems, as well as enhancing knowledge about tropical landscapes and ecosystem services.The aim of this study was to contribute to the COLUPSIA project through describing lowland limestone forest on Seram Island in respect to (1) forest structure, (2) tree species richness and (3) tree species composition. We set up 5 plots, each of 0.2 ha, at one site, Mawalai, and collected data on tree variables (tree diameter ?10 cm) as well as for some other life forms and environmental data.

This study examines how to translate digitally composed symphonic music to note script and how it gets readable and playable. With the help of professional musicians from the Norrköping Symphony Orchestra, teachers from Kulturskolan in Norrköping as well as other musicians, I have learned how I can improve each individual stem in my composition. I also learned how to write for a real musician. My score have been analyzed by composers and a conductor which have given me a more in depth insight into composing symphonic music.The theory section describes important MIDI aspects, score preparation and note editing techniques. Thereafter is a section about the symphony orchestra and its instruments? history and how the situation is today.

SCA has today almost 300 000 hectares of their forest land planted with lodgepole pine(Pinus contorta var. latifolia). Due to initial extensive planting in the 1970ies the area oflodgepole pine forests in the thinning age has grown rapidly from the end of the 1990ies.During the years 1996-2005 first commercial thinning of lodgepole pine at SCA took place.The goal of the hereby presented study was to investigate the growth and stability in thosefirstly-thinned lodgepole pine stands a few years after thinning. Furthermore, the objectivewas to investigate the relationship between stand stability and different stand parameters.Additionally, lodgepole pine stem quality was estimated.The study is mainly based on the data collected during an inventory project carried out atSCA in 2008. Altogether 91 lodgepole pine stands in northern Sweden were measured afterthe first thinning.

The requirements of good quality and appetizing fast food increases continuously as a consequence of a community where food is always available. The crispiness of French fries is an issue that must be considered in this context, since it tends to decrease and give the fries a soft surface not appreciated by the consumer. To prolong the crispiness, the fries can be coated by a batter, a mix of starches. The batters used often consists of modified starches, e.g. cross-linked, acetylated and dextrinizated to increase and prolong crispiness, flour to stabilize the batter and sodium bicarbonate to make the batter ?rise?.The cross-linked starch keeps the granules in a swelled state and prevents them from breaking when exposed to heat or processing: therefore, it delays the gelatinization and decreases the stickiness of the batter.

Today Holmen Skog finds and selects suitable thinning stands using data on upper height and basal area. These figures are often based on basic forest data that has been updated with the help of growth prediction models. The problem is that these figures are not always correct. The aim of this study was to investigate if a combination of data from a profiling laser and a digital camera for low elevation photography, can be used for collecting data on number of stems per ha, tree species mixture as well as basal area weighted mean height and upper height for stands. The possibility to use these data to assess the need for thinning cutting was also investigated.Laser data and aerial photographs were collected from a helicopter operating at an approximate height of 100 meters.

During half a century the society has been changed from an industrial to knowledge-driven society. Industry companies have standardized requirements and companies that works with development in production has unique qualifications. The public employment office was created during a time that each tailored to then general requirements were dominating and the adaptation average appropriate worker and appropriate work where general. When the monopoly was stopped, crew companies begun to settle down on the market that flexibly adapt themselves to carried out now specialized needs that require sophisticated adaptation average work and job seekers. Companies lose the confidence for the public employment office and politicians threaten the organization with big closure.

The demand for renewable energy is increasing in Sweden. This consequently increases the pressure for and willingness to pay for forest fuels. One method to extract forest fuel from suitable commercial thinnings is the "long top method? (LT-method). With this method saw logs and non-delimbed tops are recovered, i.e.

Introduktion Autolog stamcellstransplantation a?r idag en vanlig behandling vid myelom och ho?gmaligna lymfom hos patienter <65 a?r utan omfattande komorbiditet. Behandlingen delas upp i fem faser: induktionsbehandling, stamcellsmobilisering, stamcellssko?rd, konditionering med ho?gdoscytostatika och stamcellsa?tergivning/transplantation. Initialt behandlades alla patienter som genomgick autolog stamcellstransplantation inom slutenva?rden under den sista behandlingsfasen, det vill sa?ga i samband med konditionering och stamcellsa?tergivning.

Dagens organisationer använder sig allt mer av integrerade systemlösningar för att på så sätt kunna bli effektivare i sina processer (Myerson, 2001). Det finns flera orsaker som lig-ger till grund till detta, så som till exempel lägre kostnader för organisationen, och att göra den mer konkurrenskraftig på marknaden (Myerson, 2001). Fördelen med integrerade sy-stem är att de möjliggör för till exempel att två skilda avdelningar inom en organisation kan kommunicera med varandra, med hjälp av mindre eller större nätverk, oberoende av var de än befinner sig i världen. Med hjälp av detta så kan de dela vital information, vilket kan be-hövas inom de respektive avdelningarna. Då de flesta organisationer på ett eller annat sätt arbetar med kundinformation, som till exempel personnummer, så måste det finnas någon form av skydd mot både yttre och inre hot.Dessa hot mot integrerade system i organisationerna leder till misstro hos kunden samtidigt som det även lyfter fram de problem som kan skapas av dem, vilket leder till att kunderna kan komma att fråga sig själva om deras personliga information är tillräckligt skyddade.Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om kommunens befintliga integrerade system är till-räckligt pålitliga när det kommer till individens personliga information.För att kunna nå fram till ett resultat så fokuserade vi arbetet på hur det ser ut i praktiken, eftersom det inte finns så många studier kring integrerade system och säkerhet rörande per-sonlig information.

Det decimala positionssystemet kan idag anses vara lika självklart inom matematikundervisning på högstadie- och gymnasieskolan som att vi människor har tio fingrar. Det är sällan det decimala positionssystemet diskute-ras och ifrågasätts. Däremot vet vi att det inte alltid förstås helt och fullt av elever och det behöver lärare vara medvetna om eftersom en förståelse av positionssystemet är väsentlig för att eleverna ska utvecklas vidare inom matematik.En betydande del av syftesbeskrivningen för matematikämnet i LGR11 behandlar matematikens historia. Syftet med detta arbete är därför att göra en övergripande presentation av de talsystem som utvecklats genom historien och därefter diskutera deras för- och nackdelar utifrån tre inriktningar; olika typer av talsystem, beräkning i olika talsystem samt hur dessa tillämpas idag. Slutligen diskuterar vi vilka didaktiska fördelar kunskap om talsy-stem, dess uppbyggnad och utveckling har hos lärare och elever.Arbetet är en litteraturstudie och visar att det genom historien har funnits flertalet taltecken och talsystem som använts i olika kulturer.

I arbetet med att bygga den hållbara staden får komplexiteten ses som en av de största utmaningarna. I takt med vetenskapens utveckling och alla nya forsk-ningsresultat blir arbetet dessutom hela tiden mer komplext. År 2007 nåddes brytpunkten då över hälften av världens befolkning var bosatta i städer. Den glo-bala urbaniseringen förutspås accelerera ytterligare och år 2050 förväntas ca sju miljarder människor vara bosatta i urbana områden. För att finna effektiva lösningar på de enorma utmaningar detta innebär, behövs nya sätt att tänka och nya verktyg för att hantera denna komplexa verklighet. Ex-empel på sådana verktyg är olika typer av hållbarhets- och miljöcertifieringssy-stem.

Sweden has today the highest moose (Alces alces) population in the world. The population has been very high since the late seventies and in the beginning of the eighties there was a big ?moose explosion?. The main food source for moose during the winter is young pine (Pinus sylvestris) and birch (Betula spp.). The high moose population has therefore lead to high damage on pine forests over big areas.

The modern silvicultural practices of today, with cutting by compartments, have led to a large benefit for the moose population through the cleared areas which produces large amount of fodder. This new landscape can produce and feed a large moose population. But it will cause a conflict effect towards the landowners; the conflict consists of browsing mainly in the young pine forest. The result from browsing and damage will be sparse stands with reduced growth and technical damage like leader shoot browsing, stem breaking and damage of the bark. Technical damage can kill the tree or damage it so hard that it would not work as future saw timber.

Large areas of forests in the tropical region have during the last decades been lost and converted to new land uses while other areas have been degraded into secondary forests. These secondary forests need to be restored and rehabilitation through enrichment planting and liberation may help to speed up the recovery process. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate a rehabilitation method that includes enrichment planting, slashing of weeds and girdling of unwanted trees. The site for the project is situated in Sabah, Borneo in a secondary forest which had been logged and burnt by a wildfire. The project?s goal is to rehabilitate and increase biodiversity through enrichment planting of seedlings mainly belonging to the family Dipterocarpeaceae (dipterocarps).