I denna rapport redovisas hur simuleringsmodellen för ljusbågsugnar EAFMelt har uppdaterats med ett modernare och mer användarvänligt gränssnitt för Windows. Simuleringsmodellens noggrannhet och känslighet undersöks där modellen påvisade hög känslighet för variationer i svårdefinierade indata. Modellen har utvärderas med avseende på användning för reglering av syretillförsel i syfte att minimera mängden kolmonoxid i rökgaserna..

Denna uppsats är en fallstudie av Söderhalls Renhållningsverk AB (SÖRAB):s miljöredovisning. Deras motiv till att miljöredovisa är att deras intressenter ska kunna se vad de har för miljöpåverkan. SÖRAB:s miljöredovisning innehåller ingen finansiell information vilket gör det svårt att skapa sig en bild av miljöarbetets ekonomiska effekter. Även KPMG har intervjuats för att ge en allmän bild av miljöredovisning. Avsaknaden av enhetliga regler och det stora utbudet av olika rekommendationer gör det inte lätt att få klarhet om vad som ska tas med i en miljöredovisning.

AbstractToday, too many construction projects are delayed and deviates from the budget. Agood project management is the basis for successful construction project. The mostcommon planning methods in the construction industry is currently Gantt chart andCPM. The problem with these is that focus is only at the time of the project anddoesn?t handle the budget.

Bakgrund & problem: Ett steg i IASBs och FASBs projekt att harmonisera inom de två organisationernas redovisningsregler hanterar området leasing. Ett förslag har lagts fram som innebär att operationell leasing inte längre ska vara ett alternativ för företag inom IFRS och US GAAP. Istället skall all leasing klassificeras som finansiell och därmed aktiveras på företagens balansräkningar.Förslaget har gett upphov till mycket diskussion bland normsättare, revisorer, företag och investerare.Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur svenska noterade företag påverkas av en förändring av redovisningen av leasing genom att undersöka effekterna på deras nyckeltal. Studien undersöker dessutom om konsekvenserna av en ny standard skiljer sig mellan olika branscher i Sverige.Metod: Genom en kvantitativ metod där årsredovisningar för över 200 svenska noterade företag studeras undersöks storleken på den post som hade aktiverats om förslaget hade varit verklighet under 2008. Därefter räknas effekterna på företagens nyckeltal ut för att göra en jämförelse möjlig.Resultat & slutsats: Studien visar att 86 % av de undersökta företagen använder sig av operationell leasing.

Executive SummaryThis final thesis has examined the effects of an increased centralization and better coord­in­ation of the distribution logistics at ABB in Västerås. The company is today strongly decent­ralized and there is a minimum of collaboration between the 20 business units. This is why the questions were raised; how could the business units coordinate outbound logistic activities and what effects would that provide. The obj­ect­ive of this final thesis is to provide basic data for a future decision-making which desc­r­ibe these effects.The report has mapped out the factors that are important to ABB in an evaluation of their logistic activities and how the outbound logistics work today. The four factors are cost efficiency, delivery service, environmental impact and logistics capability.

The waste of material is a big expense for manufacture companies caused by lack of quality. The cost by lack of quality often totaled to a big percentage share of the turnover when all cost related to lack of quality is included. New manufacturing systems like Lean production or Just In Time demands better internal quality for the manufacturer. To make those manufacturing system with small and none buffer stock successful the quality improvement continuously have to be developed.Measuring of waste of material in Bubs Candy?s factory where not simple due to the products does not have a permanent weight during the manufacturing process.

This thesis describes possibilities for Metso Paper to lower their costs of spray pipes for their pulp wash press TRPE, with maintained good functionality and quality.Information that can be used by competitors has been censored in this version of the essay.To find solutions, alternative suppliers have been contacted and asked to quote. There has also been a new spray pipe designed. The manufacturing costs of the new design have been calculated.The thesis also contains a concept generation of an alternative product to the spray pipes in installations where a high pressure washer is used.To be able to ask other manufacturers of spray pipes to quote, a demand specification based on the currently used spray pipe was made. This was then sent to two alternative suppliers.An investigation of earlier used spray pipes, and the currently used, shows that the nozzles are a big part of the total costs of the spray pipes. To attempt to reduce the nozzles high cost an concept generation was made to find the best solution for a new design.There was a request that it should be possible to change the internal brushes in the spray pipe without cutting and welding.

This thesis describes possibilities for Metso Paper to lower their costs of spray pipes for their pulp wash press TRPE, with maintained good functionality and quality.Information that can be used by competitors has been censored in this version of the essay.To find solutions, alternative suppliers have been contacted and asked to quote. There has also been a new spray pipe designed. The manufacturing costs of the new design have been calculated.The thesis also contains a concept generation of an alternative product to the spray pipes in installations where a high pressure washer is used.To be able to ask other manufacturers of spray pipes to quote, a demand specification based on the currently used spray pipe was made. This was then sent to two alternative suppliers.An investigation of earlier used spray pipes, and the currently used, shows that the nozzles are a big part of the total costs of the spray pipes. To attempt to reduce the nozzles high cost an concept generation was made to find the best solution for a new design.There was a request that it should be possible to change the internal brushes in the spray pipe without cutting and welding.

The Swedish potential of electricity production from roof mounted solar panels has been determined in three steps: accessing the existing roof top areas, simulating the amount of electricity solar panels can produce on these areas and finally analyzing how large the necessary economical change is to make the solar cells profitable.The total existing amount of roof top areas are 319 square kilometers and the area distribution follows the distribution of people. This leads to an installed power of 47,9 GW which are expected to produce 49,0 TWh electricity per year. If the quality of the electricity is prioritized the highest the power is reduced to 3,7 GW, generating 3,8 TWh yearly, but if the hosting capacity is calculated from Sweden?s total electricity need, the capacity is 42 TWh per year.Today, solar panels are not profitable in Sweden for houses, even though there is a subsidy of 35 % of the investment costs, discounted in 25 years. The profitability is calculated with a cost of capital of 5 %, a price on electricity of 1 SEK/kWh and an investment cost of 20 SEK/Wp.

A clean and affordable energy source for cooking is deficient in developing countries. People rely on fuels that contribute to environmental, social and health problems.Biogas is an alternative energy source and an increased investment in small-scale biogas production can in several developing countries be found. Several projects have started to use the technology in developing countries because of the benefits with biogas. Some cases in the establishment of biogas plants have succeeded and some have not. The study is a literature review supplemented by two field studies.

This thesis is about new technology in academic libraries in the form of Patron Driven Acquisition. As libraries take part in the digital era, a new model of patron driven acquisition has emerged. This model gives users more influence over the libraries electronic book collection. The collection development model changes libraries traditional role in the collection development process, from collecting for the future to the present.The purpose of this thesis is to gain knowledge of what acquisition librarians think about the effects of PDA on the collection, the acquisitions role and the cost structure. The theoretical framework relies on Christensen?s theory about disruptive technology and was used to interpret outcomes of new technology in libraries and its staff.Five librarians from four different Swedish university libraries were interviewed using a qualitative semi-structured method to carry out the investigative part of this thesis.

Bakgrund & problem: Ett steg i IASBs och FASBs projekt att harmonisera inom de två organisationernas redovisningsregler hanterar området leasing. Ett förslag har lagts fram som innebär att operationell leasing inte längre ska vara ett alternativ för företag inom IFRS och US GAAP. Istället skall all leasing klassificeras som finansiell och därmed aktiveras på företagens balansräkningar.Förslaget har gett upphov till mycket diskussion bland normsättare, revisorer, företag och investerare.Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur svenska noterade företag påverkas av en förändring av redovisningen av leasing genom att undersöka effekterna på deras nyckeltal. Studien undersöker dessutom om konsekvenserna av en ny standard skiljer sig mellan olika branscher i Sverige.Metod: Genom en kvantitativ metod där årsredovisningar för över 200 svenska noterade företag studeras undersöks storleken på den post som hade aktiverats om förslaget hade varit verklighet under 2008. Därefter räknas effekterna på företagens nyckeltal ut för att göra en jämförelse möjlig.Resultat & slutsats: Studien visar att 86 % av de undersökta företagen använder sig av operationell leasing.

This thesis investigates the socio- and environmental economic effects of a deep repository for spent nuclear fuel in Forsmark in the municipality of Östhammar. I seek to show the general picture but focus on the effects on employment, environment and income. Cost-benefit analysis is used to investigate the differences in utility between a scenario with and a scenario without a deep repository in Forsmark. Most of the possible effects can not be valued and many can not even be quantified with the data available today. Therefore this thesis has a bit of a ?preliminary study character? and seeks to show what we know today and what needs to be further investigated when available data allow it. The costs that could be valued are noise from the traffic during the period of building and emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides from the transportation of rock masses during the building period.

Uppsatsen utreder ifall det finns en möjlighet till kostnadsbesparingar genom att erbjuda en stor andel av den äldre befolkningen hjälpmedel. Dessa hjälpmedel är tänkta att ha i förebyggande syfte för att minska antalet höftfrakturer. Perspektivet för analysen är samhällsekonomiskt, det vill säga alla möjligheter till kostnadsbesparingar antas tillkomma samma aktör. En uppdelning mellan landsting och kommun görs med andra ord inte. I en cost-benefit kalkyl görs en uträkning på vilken nettoeffekt som uppnås på den samhälleliga välfärden genom att antalet höftfrakturer minskar.En makroundersökning ligger till grund för de hjälpmedel som studeras.

This thesis describes possibilities for Metso Paper to lower their costs of spray pipes for their pulp wash press TRPE, with maintained good functionality and quality.Information that can be used by competitors has been censored in this version of the essay.To find solutions, alternative suppliers have been contacted and asked to quote. There has also been a new spray pipe designed. The manufacturing costs of the new design have been calculated.The thesis also contains a concept generation of an alternative product to the spray pipes in installations where a high pressure washer is used.To be able to ask other manufacturers of spray pipes to quote, a demand specification based on the currently used spray pipe was made. This was then sent to two alternative suppliers.An investigation of earlier used spray pipes, and the currently used, shows that the nozzles are a big part of the total costs of the spray pipes. To attempt to reduce the nozzles high cost an concept generation was made to find the best solution for a new design.There was a request that it should be possible to change the internal brushes in the spray pipe without cutting and welding.