In Montessori pre-schools early reading and writing is an important feature. By tracing sandpaper letters with their fingers and voicing the sound simultaneously the children connect phonemes to graphemes and normally learn to write between the ages of four and five. 24 sixyear old children who attended Montessori pre-school and 26 six-year old children who had not attended Montessori school were assessed with a test assessing their linguistic awareness.The result showed that the Montessori children were more linguistically aware than the children who hadn?t received any literacy training. The scores of the Montessori children were highest on phonological awareness.

The purpose was to examine relations between motivation and goal orientation, perceived ability and perceived motivational climate among persons working out in gym. Another purpose was to study differences in motivation, perceived ability and motivational climate among men and women. The final purpose was to study interactional effects on the dependent variable motivation. The participants were 59 men and 69 women. The instruments used were Task and Ego Goal Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), Harter´s Competence scale and part of Mahoneys R-5 test.

When gender-related refugee claims was ratified in the Swedish asylum law the 31 of March this year (2006) it opened the door for women with this specific refugee status to receive asylum in Sweden. The aim of this thesis has been to investigate how these specific female refugees are represented and described in the asylum process. The focus has been the construction of identity concerning these women in the Officials discourse at the Immigration department. The theoretical framework has been a critical discourse analysis regarding the exercise of power and dominance connected to the construction of identity.An understanding of the women with gender-related refugee claims as the Others has been perceived through the Officials discourse. Female refugees which have been exposed to persecution that occur in our part of the world (rape, wife abuse, etc.) are treated differently and much more restrictive, compared to women exposed to so called culture specific oppression (e.g.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka elevers tankar, känslor och upplevelser av studier inom det individuella gymnasieprogrammet. Enligt tidigare forskning och enligt teorierna framgår det att elever som går det individuella programmet har negativa tankemönster, upplever psykisk ohälsa och depressiva symtom. I undersökningen har både kvantitativa och kvalitativa data analyserats. En enkätundersökning har skickats ut hos eleverna och två intervjuer har gjorts, en intervju med en lärare och en med en kurator. Resultatet visar höga procent av negativa tankemönster, depression och psykisk ohälsa hos eleverna.

Förhållandevis lite har skrivits om vilken inverkan olika väderfeno-men har på människan. Däremot finns mer forskning angående mil-jön och vikten av dagsljus. Den här studien ville undersöka om det ligger någon sanning i att vädret verkligen styr både vår fysiska och mentala hälsa. Vad är det egentligen som gör människan så engage-rad i ett fenomen, är det vädret i sig eller ?bara? föreställningar.

My purpose with this essay was to study if there was any difference in competence between preschool teachers and child minders at a preschool outside of Stockholm. To determine what the differences consisted of, if there was any. The questions I wanted answered were as follows: Are there any differences in competence between preschool teachers and child minders? Do the two different occupations have different ways at looking at what the children need and their abilities? Do they see that they have different skills depending on what occupation they belong to? What do they believe that the people from the other occupation contribute to the preschool which compliments their own working skills?I used a qualitative method which included interviews and observations to find out the answers to these questions. My results from these interviews and observations indicated that experience, personality and attitudes are very important as well as education.

This thesis is about pricing of ice hockey tickets in Swedish ice hockey. Ice hockey is a large sport in Sweden, with clubs that more and more are acting like companies. These clubs tend to build new arenas that in many ways change basic variables.The thesis is an analytic thesis based on information about the clubs and interviews. The purpose is to study the basic variables for pricing of tickets in Swedish ice hockey. Furthermore the pricing itself and its connection to the new arenas are studied.The focus of the thesis is on the three clubs HV 71, Färjestads BK and Linköpings HC.

The aim of this study is to look at the environmental effect on toddlers? social interactions during free play in two older and two newer preschools. Furthermore, we would like to investigate four preschool teachers? thoughts about the indoor environment when it comes to toddlers? interaction during free play.Qualitative methods containing interviews of the preschool teachers and observations of the children during their free playtime have been used to help us reach our conclusions. In addition, our theoretical conclusions have been derived from both the sociocultural perspective and the environmental psychology perspective.Our results have shown that variations in the preschool environment are of importance in the outcome of toddlers? different social interactions.

Ledning är en av de sex militära grundförmågorna i vår doktrin, ledningens syfte är att inrikta en militär insats mot ett gemensamt militärt mål och att samordna de militära resurser som behövs för att lösa uppgiften. Vår doktrin har till uppgift att förmedla ett gemensamt förhållningssätt för att skapa ett gemensamt språk mellan staber, chefer och underlydande som underlättar ledning. Doktrinen till trots så finns en begreppsförvirring inom ledning där att leda, ledning och ledarskap inte särskiljs den här undersökningen studerar varför det råder en begreppsförvirring inom ledning.Genom en jämförande studie mellan den svenska doktrinen och den brittiska motsvarigheten mäter undersökningen hur väl doktrinerna skildrar ett ledningssystem och förmedlar ett militärt ledarskap i förhållande till de två teorierna; dynamiska OODA-loopen och utvecklande ledarskap.Undersökningens resultat pekar på att den svenska doktrinen beskriver hur funktionen ledning ska genomföras för att befrämja uppdragstaktik. Begreppsförvirringen uppstår eftersom den svenska doktrinen beskriver ett hur men inte ett varför eller ett vad ledning ska göra, vilket ger olika beskrivningar av ledning på olika militära ledningsnivåer.

Mass media is becoming more and more personalized and despite common ideas it could actually be a good thing. Instead of affecting the actual content of news coverage it might only have an effect on the way in which news are presented. Famous politicians more regularly become symbols and synonyms for their parties or for the government and are being used to create interest in the beginning of articles.Those are the results from a content analysis of the newspaper coverage of the Swedish parliamentary election in 1976 and 2006 in which the scientist categorized each article in one of four ideal types, counted quotes and analyzed whether personal names were interchangeable with party names without affecting the content. All three methods showing that it is the presentation, not the content, which has been personalized.At the same time, psychology-science tells us about the human brains associative learning processes, where memorizing becomes far more efficient when the information can be connected to an already known person. Increased personalization of news might therefore increase the political knowledge of the receivers..

Bakgrund: Reumatoid atrit (RA) är en av de mest kända reumatiska sjukdomarna och kan beskrivas som en kronisk, systemisk, inflammatorisk sjukdom. Sjukdomen drabbar ca 1 % av befolkningen. Fysiologiska och anatomiska störningar som kan drabba personer med RA är rörelse- och belastningssmärta, nedsatt rörlighet, leddeformitet, nedsatt muskelfunktion och nedsatt kondition. Syfte: Att undersöka vilka metoder för, och vilka effekter av, fysisk träning som fanns dokumenterade i vetenskaplig litteratur för personer med reumatoid artrit. Metod: En datasökning gjordes på databaserna PubMed, SweMed + och Cochrane.

The school can be seen as a place that reflects the wider community. Here is a school welfare officer an important representative of the school social work. The main subject of our study is to clarify how the school welfare officers? talk about documentation in the individual meeting with the pupil. Through individual interviews with five school welfare officers in elementary schools in three municipalities in the southern part ofSweden, we have attempted to explore these main research question.In addition to qualitative interviews we have accomplished a survey study that included 178 school welfare officers throughout the country.The result of our two studies demonstrates the school welfare officers? free work where the choice to document or not is wide.

The aim of this paper is to examine the layout of public spaces and its effect on human behavior with focus on the relation between pedestrians and cyclists movement patterns in a specific path. The study emanates from the security aspect of pedestrians and cyclists, and builds upon previous theories and empirical studies about perception, security, information design, environmental psychology and behavior. The result shows that individual behavior and movement pattern differs with age, purpose, physical- and other conditions, and layout of the surroundings. A design proposal for improved layout of a path and a node between different oncoming paths has been developed to aid the users? needs, where a separation of walkways and bike lanes forms zones of security for the purpose of better orientation and a better flow between the users..

Today the ability to swim is taken for granted by most people. Most of Sweden?s adult population can swim which is reflected in the reduced number of accidental drownings. About 1900 AD when Sweden?s population was about five million the average drownings per year was 1100.

Temat för arbetet är musikskapande och har som syfte att undersöka min individuella kreativitet och dess kännetecken. Men syftet består också i att avgöra användbarheten av detta. Det rör sig om en psykologisk självstudie med ett fenomenologiskt angreppssätt. I mitt fall har detta inneburit att jag, efter att ha arrangerat en i mitt tycke kreativ upplevelse, beskrev denna händelse för att sedan analysera texten på fenomenologiskt vis. P.g.a.