Planeringsideal har tillsammans med andra faktorer, som ekonomiska, (lokal)politiska och juridiska, påverkat utformningen av våra städer. Rapporten tar upp de ideal eller doktriner som kan sägas ha funnits under den moderna epoken från 1850 och framåt, vilka jag kallar ?regularismen?, ?trädgårdsstaden?, ?funktionalismen? och ?efter funktionalismen?. Denna teoretiska bakgrund diskuteras sedan, med hjälp av inventering på plats, planhandlingar och intervju med kommunen dels mot två utbyggda områden i Umeå (Tomtebo och Carlslid), dels mot de ambitioner kommunen har idag för ett planområde mitt emellan dessa två. Det är naturligtvis svårt att påstå att ett visst ideal har styrt utformningen av Tomtebo och Carlslid, eller styr utformningen för det område som står i begrepp att bebyggas. Däremot tycker jag att man i områdenas utformning och med hjälp av planhandlingar kan utläsa strömningar och tendenser i stadsbyggandet.

Samhällsplaneringen har under lång tid styrts av separering mellan olika samhällsfunktioner för att undvika konflikter. En tydlig separering som har ägt rum är funktionssepareringen mellan arbetsplatser och bostäder. Den drevs fram under den industriella epoken och har över tiden inneburit att funktionellt sett allt fler och allt större ensartade bebyggelseområden har uppstått. Syftet med funktionsuppdelningen har till stor del varit att undvika störningar och konflikter mellan olika funktioner för att skydda invånarnas hälsa och säkerhet. Rådande institutionella förhållanden såsom lagstiftning och finansieringssystem tillsammans med planeringstraditioner och principer för lokalisering av offentlig service kan hjälpa till att förklara uppkomst och omfattningen av funktionsseparering mellan arbetsplatser och bostäder men även mellan olika branscher inom näringslivet. Det industriella sättet att separera samhällsfunktioner ses delvis som föråldrat.

Benthic invertebrates play important roles as feeding resources for many organisms in different food webs. Shifts in predation of these organisms can generate cascading effects and potentially lead to the disappearance of one or more species from a site. Cascading effects can bring impacts to organisms who aren?t even directly involved, why studies in this field are important for understanding sudden changes in ecosystems. I examined the predation from fish and waterfowl on benthic invertebrates in the shallow and eutrophic Lake Tåkern in the plains of Östergötland County, southern Sweden.

The aim of this study is to analyze how individuals experience their eating disorder, the focus being if anorexia may be perceived as a secure safe zone in the new modern world. The aim is to examine if individuals affected with anorexia nervosa understand the disorder as a solution to the modern worlds changes and the new individual freedom that it entails. This will be analyzed with the help of terms in Erich Fromms theories about escape mechanisms and Catarina Kinnvalls theories about the modern worlds ontological insecurity.The study is based on data collected from four informants of different ages and gender. The interviews were conducted through email and informants were chosen based on a strategic selection and snowball sampling. For the analysis of the empirical material Fromms escape mechanisms (authoritarianism, destructiveness and automaton conformity) and Kinnvalls theories of identity in the modern world have been used.The results of the analysis show that the eating disorder has a great significance for the individual construction and maintenance of identity and that the eating disorder becomes a safe zone to retreat to in a world of performance anxiety.

Climate changing is a growing problem for many countries and communities over the world. The cities has a huge work to deal with in their reforcements of their cities to be resilient ones. This thesis makes an effort to investigate and illuminate some of the problem the cities has to solve related to flooding, hazards, erosions, rising sea levels and crotches. This thesis will help to find solutions that international and national efforts has produced and handed out to each other. A lot of communities are charing their excellent tools that works for them.

During the winter 2011 Isaksson and Andersson did a time budget study on Nordens Ark?s Przewalskis horses during daytime when there were visitors and caretakers in the park. This time budget study was made during daytime and when there were no visitors or caretakers in the park. The horses where observed in the morning (5.30-6.30 am) and in the evening (5.45-6.45 pm) during four days. In addition to a time budget, the horses? positions in the enclosure were registered.

The aim of this literature study was to analyze how milk urea concentration is working as a measure of the nitrogen supply to rumen microbes and indicator of the environmental load. Questions included in this literature study were how to improve the dairy cattle nitrogen efficiency and what correlations there are between milk urea, nitrogen efficiency and crude protein content in the feed. Effects on the reproduction from high ration protein content are also addressed. Dairy cattle are today fed with large proportions of protein which could lead to high expenditure of feed and environmental pollutions. The nitrogen can be lost to the environment by different pathways; leaching, denitrification or by emission to the air.

The aim of this literature study was to analyze how milk urea concentration is working as a measure of the nitrogen supply to rumen microbes and indicator of the environmental load. Questions included in this literature study were how to improve the dairy cattle nitrogen efficiency and what correlations there are between milk urea, nitrogen efficiency and crude protein content in the feed. Effects on the reproduction from high ration protein content are also addressed. Dairy cattle are today fed with large proportions of protein which could lead to high expenditure of feed and environmental pollutions. The nitrogen can be lost to the environment by different pathways; leaching, denitrification or by emission to the air.

Arbetet berör ett större naturområde nordväst om Karlshamns resecentrum och är idag ett frekvent använt rekreationsområde för de boende i Karlshamns tätort. Dessa två faktorer, närheten till Karlshamns resecentrum och områdets värde för rekreation och friluftsliv är det som präglar arbetet och som i slutändan vägt tyngst vid utformandet av planförslaget. Målet med planförslaget är att det ska vara en möjlig och realistisk lösning på hur bostäder kan placeras i området. Hänsyn har bland annat tagits till topografin, markens beskaffenhet, skyddsavstånd, beräknad befolkningstillväxt och åsikter från boende i Karlshamn som utnyttjar området. Tillsammans har det utmynnat i ett planförslag gällande ett förbättrat friluftsliv samt tre altarnativ där framtida bebyggelse redovisas..

Jag har valt att studera fyra olika samtida sa?tt att fa?nga upp ma?nskliga fo?rva?ntningar i staden. Jag studerar varje angrepps- sa?tt genom att utfo?ra litteraturstudier, studera ett exempel och intervjua en person. Syftet a?r att fo?ra en diskussion. De fyra angreppssa?tten a?r inte en definition av ?Stadsplanering med fokus pa? ma?nniskan? utan fyra nedslag i en diskussion kring hur man kan fo?regripa ma?nskliga fo?rva?ntningar inom a?mnet fysisk planering.

Den här rapporten beskriver ett examensarbete som fördjupat sig i rummet som informationsbärare. Studieobjektet var gårdsplanen till en nyförvaltad fastighet som ska skifta funktion från äldreboende till företagslokaler och lägenhetsboende. Arbetet skedde i samarbete med utvecklingsbolaget Nygarn Utveckling AB och var förlagt i Östergarn på östra Gotland. Målet var att skapa en attraktiv och lättorienterad miljö i anslutning till fastigheten. För att nå målet har teorier om bland annat miljöpsykologi, färglära och rumsdesign samt kvalitativa observationer, analyser och intervju använts.Resultatet blev ett förslag som innebär att den framförliggande gårdsplanen till fastigheten förändras.

Type 2 diabetes is a growing disease in the population which includes that older people are a risk group. With the disease grows even cost?s. A lifestyle change is a major part of the treatment for type 2 diabetes. There are several factors that suggest positive effects on prevention among the elderly where, among other things, economic and health benefits are presented.

The purpose of the study was to describe how women with deliberate self-harm behaviour experience they have been treated when conducting health care. The study has a qualitative and descriptive approach and data was collected with snowball sampling. Data was analysed with content analysis and ended up in three theme ?Feeling of violation of integrity and autonomy?, ?health care staff don´t have the courage to step in and take responsibility? and ? Personal confirmation and validation of feelings?. The results showed that many women with deliberate self-harm behavior feel that they have been badly treated when they conducting health care.

Fragmentation and reduction of forest area is a threat for many forest species and their habitat. Deficiencies in forest quality, such as lack of dead wood and old trees, are one explanation of the threat. The most important action to prevent the continued loss of forest types is to protect forest, but also to restore and to create areas that not previously had high nature values. Hence one of the key strategic roles for Fritid- och Naturkontoret, Uppsala municipality, is to monitor biodiversity in the context of urban planning. The majority of the Uppsala municipality residents live in urban areas and most of them spend some of their spare time in natural areas in cities and their immediate surroundings. Exploitation in and around Uppsala is high, but it is important that there is enough nature close to houses to meet the residents? needs of recreation.

In support to a decision to be made by the Swedish central competent authority on a minimal amount of straw for conventional growing-finishing pigs, a study using 168 pigs provided 7 different amounts of straw (20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 200 or 300 grams/pig/day) was performed. The straw was provided either once or four times per day. Detailed behaviour observations were made using focal animal sampling and continuous recording for one hour between 9 and 10 am and again between 3 and 4 pm. The data analysis is presented in three ways: broken stick model, polynomial trend line and logarithmic trend line. No method was suitable on its own but the use of all the methods simultaneously was found to portray the data in the best way.No significant differences were found when comparing pens provided with straw once or four times per day.