The municipalities of Sweden have a great responsibility when it comes to adapt the physical planning to a more sustainable development. The development of the society depends upon the growth of new communities and other public services, but to build new communities in a long-term sustainable manner you need good methods and guidance. This study presents four sustainability certification scheme intended to improve and adapt the planning, implementation and performance of new communities and infrastructure project to more sustainable methods based on economic, ecological and social sustainability. These systems are the latest versions of environmental classifications and similar rating schemes, but with a broader focus since they also include the social aspect of sustainability.This study aims to investigate what role sustainability certification schemes can play in local planning for sustainable development. The study compares the certification systems criteria to the tools and goals that the Swedish municipalities have been provided with, to lead efforts towards a more sustainable society.

Social housing in Northern Europe and the importance of social and political consideration in planning. Focus of the essay lies on the "burning suburbs" of France, based on literature studies combined with a study visit to Les Minguettes outside of Lyon..

SUMMARYInventory of raw materials holds an important role in companies within the manufacturingsector. The inventory works as a buffer that secure the supply of materials to the productionunit. The aim of the inventory is to ensure that the company is able to meet the customers?demands despite fluctuations and variations in the material flow. The size of the warehouseand the layout are physical limitations for the quantity of articles that can be stored.

Systems development methods mirror different organizational perspectives, and not all methods are formalised, but what they have in common is the purpose of structuring and supporting systems development processes. Which method would be the most suitable may be determined by the systems development context at hand, because every systems development context is unique. Information is a valuable asset in today?s organizations, and it needs to be protected against both internal and external security threats. In our essay we aspired to find and present suggestions as to how systems developers can include security in the very design based on formalised systems development methods to create systems that are better prepared to meet the security challenges of today.

Forestry in Sweden is currently conducted in a manner aiming at equating the production objectives and the biodiversity. To ensure that biodiversity is maintained, patches that are considered to be valuable now or in the future is saved in final fellings. How the tree retention areas will grow into the future forest stands is yet unknown.The purpose of this study was to visualize how different scenarios of natural consideration taken at final felling will evolve in a long term perspective, for two rotation periods. Projections of the forest conditions were executed with the decision support system Heureka and its applications PlanStart and PlanWise. The information about the projected forests was then used for the visualizations which were created in the software Visual Nature Studio.

Det har blivit allt mer populärt på senare tid med inredning av hemmet, och det finns idag stora möjligheter med virtuell 3D, vilket gör projektet relevant för tiden vi lever i. Projektet handlar om att skapa en första prototyp av en möblerbar 3D-miljö med tillhörande användarvänligt gränssnitt som ska kunna användas i Mios varuhus. Prototypen bygger på två demofilmer av applikationen där gränssnittet och användarens interaktionsmöjligheter har visualiserats i en vanlig skärm, och 3D-miljön i en 3D-skärm, dessa har sedan synkats med varandra för att ge ett helhetsintryck av applikationen. Gränssnittet skulle vara så pass användarvänligt att Mios kunder själva skulle kunna använda applikationen och med hjälp av speciella 3D-skärmar och renderingstekniker skulle miljön framstå som verklig. Projektet startade med en förstudie, med intervjuer och research.

This study investigates the succession process in family businesses and aims to enhance the understanding of the process as a whole, as well as how family businesses strategically plan for succession. The research is based on a case study of a family corporate group undergoing a transition from the fourth to the fifth generation. A qualitative research approach was employed, involving interviews with individuals from both the fourth and fifth generations, as well as external stakeholders who have influenced the process. The results show that the planning and implementation of succession are complex and that there is a certain lack of existing theory. Empirical evidence indicates that contracts and documentation are crucial for advancing the process. Inclusion of external parties is also important, not only for their expertise but also to provide an objective perspective.

SUMMARYInventory of raw materials holds an important role in companies within the manufacturingsector. The inventory works as a buffer that secure the supply of materials to the productionunit. The aim of the inventory is to ensure that the company is able to meet the customers?demands despite fluctuations and variations in the material flow. The size of the warehouseand the layout are physical limitations for the quantity of articles that can be stored.

This paper is part of the research programme ViSuCity, a programme with the goal of creating more sustainable urban planning through the development of better visual tools, which ultimately means better communication between various parties of public planning. The paper concerns the implementation of MCE into a 3D program for visualization. Multi criteria evaluation (MCE) is a technique that has been developed during the last 20 years. It merges GIS with AHP, forming a decision making tool for localization of, for example, new buildings.The result is an automated tool that enables advanced analysis of geographic areas.The tool has a very high potential due to the completely automated MCE and it is adapted for people without a technical background, let alone formal training in MCE. It provides great opportunities to test different scenarios, something that should be an important advantage.

I have always been interested in sports, so when it was time to write the paper I chose to write about sports and economic.It has led to this problem: How is the function of management control and planning problems in sports?   Sports clubs are non-profit association and non-profit organizations aim to support members? moral and economic interests. A financial manager will lead the accounting department and have the final responsibility. The finance manager has to work to produce financial results, reports and custom operations (Högfeldt, 2011). A sports club use economic tools, usually budget.

I takt med att samhällets värderingar förändras ändras också synen på stadens historiska, nutida och framtida värden. Hur den rätta avvägningen görs mellan dessa värden är något som dagligen blir aktuellt för dem som jobbar med stadens förändring och utveckling. En avvägning måste ske på ett sådant sätt att stadens alla värden får plats och syns. Värdena måste i sin tur vävas samman till en helhet. Det gäller då att ha en god kunskap vad gäller staden historia och nuvarande identitet men också var staden kommer att befinna sig i framtiden.

När det gäller gestaltning och grönska i arbetsområden är det inte lika uppmärksammat som när det gäller grönska bostadsområden eller stadsmiljö. Det är genom forskning bevisat att det är positivt att ha grönska omkring sig även på sin arbetsplats. Det bidrar till bättre hälsa men även till den sociala biten eftersom man ofta går till en park tillsammans eller träffar andra människor på sin promenad. Att ha det grönt utanför sitt fönster där du arbetar påverkar dina sinnen positivt. I Malmö finns det ett grönt sammanhängande nät över hela staden, men i hamnen finns det inte många ytor som är avsedda för grönska och rekreation. I det här arbetet föreslås hur man kan koppla samman hamnen med Ribersborg och Spillepengen för att få ett sammanhängande grönt stråk utmed kusten.

I den svenska planeringsprocessen är det viktigt att medborgare får framföra sina åsikter om planeringsfall under samrådstiden för att upprätthålla demokratin. Då många medborgare har svårt att tyda och läsa en karta, har olika former av visualiseringar, digitala bilder eller fysiska 3D-modeller, börjat användas mer ofta av planerare, inom kommunal och privat verksamhet, för att förtydliga bilden av hur planeringsfall ?kan komma att se ut? i verkligheten. Användning av digitala och fysiska visuella verktyg, inom planeringens samrådande dialog med medborgare, anses vara ett relativt nytt fenomen och det går att ifrågasätta om visualiseringsformer som planeringstjänstemän använder idag verkligen uppfyller sitt syfte med att förtydliga för medborgarna. Utifrån de visuella framställningar som görs väcks även frågan om det verkligen finns en vilja bland tjänstemännen att planeringen ska bli mer kommunikativ och att medborgare ska få ett ökat inflytande i planeringen.

Abstract Title: Ethanol for Scania?s future ? A scenario based analysis Authors: Anna Hansson and Julia Persson Tutors: Annette Cerne ? Department of Business Administration, Lund University Jonas Holmborn ? Head of Advanced Combustion, Engine Development, Scania Lennart Thörnqvist ? Department of Energy Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University Problem: Oil-based products are the dominating fuels in the transport sector but alternative fuels are currently challenging the world-wide dominance. The large number of alternative fuels that are under development at present makes the future fuel-market impossible to predict. Scania?s ethanol project is associated with a number of uncertainty factors that are beyond the company?s control.

AimThe aim of this study is to discuss process orientated education by identifying and describing general elements in two alternative pedagogies that in different ways attempt to separate themselves from the didactics in the traditional school. The questions are:1. How do the general elements for example the pupil, the knowledge and the lesson, in classroom education appear at a Waldorf and a Freinet school respectively?2. How do the general elements for example the teacher, the lesson planning and the overall goal, that teachers obey to and create in their lesson?s planning appear at the two schools respectively?MethodThe study is based on four days of observations in one ninth grade class at a Freinet school and a corresponding amount of time in one eighth grade class and one ninth grade class at a Waldorf school.