It is becoming increasingly important for companies to meet customer demands due to intense competition in today's global market, that forcing companies to improve their offerings and become better at managing their supply chain (Shen et al., 2006).  Long lead times can be reduced by using different methods and strategies shows various researches. Lead times occur in the planning, production, inventories and handling of products (Treville et al., 2003).The aim of the study is to develop a method to analyze the factors that affect the length of internal delivery lead time in manufacturing companies. The method also included suggestions for reducing delivery lead-time to internal customers.The main factors that influenced the length of the on delivery lead times has summarized to make a selection among the factors that can have the most significant impact. The selected elements will be used as a method to analyze how these areas affect a company?s length on internal delivery lead times.The study shows that the causes of the long delivery lead times was the location of the customer order point, uncertain forecasts, long material and production planning time, and long waits in the production and storage.The delivery lead time, according to this report?s suggested improvements reduced by centralizing CODP and makes more reliable forecasts.

The aim of this thesis in Archival Science was to explore the concept of electronic archives and the challenges that might be encountered when attempting to move archives into a new digital age, as well as having a closer look at the term e-archive itself. Another aim was to explore how the OAIS reference model works in practice.To explore these questions I decided to do a case study on E-Arkiv Stockholm, a functioning e-archive. I decided to do a study on several documents that were created throughout the project, these included documents related to the planning of the archive, as well as the final report. My reason for this method was that these docu-ments came straight from reality and would give a clear and unbiased view of the project and it?s many aspects.Examination of the documents showed that the OAIS reference model and its concepts had been the foun-dation of much of the planning.

This master thesis presents a Model for Evaluating and Managing Interruption Risks in connection with Business Continuity Planning (BCP), developed for Swedwood International. The model consists of a template with instructions. The model should be easily understood and useful for establishing a plan for BCP. This is achieved by including the contents and procedure of BCP and the main supplychain risks in the model. The purpose of a BCP plan is to describe how an enterprise will return to business as usual after an interruption, e.g.

Idag finns det en påtaglig vilja hos olika aktörer att formulera vad som är attraktivt i den fysiska miljön. Uttrycket attraktivt används i ett flertal plandokument och ges ut som praxis av bland annat Boverket. Men vad innebär attraktiva miljöer och vad betraktas egentligen som tilltalande och motbjudande i den fysiska miljön? Rådande planeringsideal handlar till stor del om täta stadsstrukturer och om en blandning av olika funktioner ? något som förutsätts skapa attraktiva värden. Planeringsidealet har uppkommit som reaktion mot modernismens ensidiga uttryck och för närvarande blickar många arkitekter och planerare tillbaka till 1800-talets mångfunktionella stadsform där bostäder, handel och arbetsplatser uppfördes inom ett och samma område.

This is a bachelor thesis about arable land in Varberg, from sustainability and it?s relation to local government and management. Arable land has become more important as a natural resource from a global point of view and in concerns of higher demands of food supply, as a result of population growth, higher consumption worldwide and climate change. But the arable land in Sweden is being exploited an increasingly rapid pace and the arable land in Varberg is not an exception of this development. The issue is most topical and the discussion holds questions about a declining agricultural sector, the formal and administrative protection of arable land and because other interests of land use often is given higher priority in community development and planning.

Strandskyddsproblematiken är startskottet för detta examensarbete. Det är en problematik som har sitt ursprung i strandskyddslagen, en lag som funnits i Sverige sedan 1950-talet. Lagen har alltsedan dess uppkomst väckt en rad känslor, den är både omdiskuterad och omstridd. På senare år har diskussionen om strandskydd blommat upp på nytt, det i takt med att kraven på strandnära boende har ökat samt att lagen har tolkats olika. Det har resulterat i att lagen idag står inför en förändring.

Den fysiska närmiljön är viktig för alla människor men särskilt viktig för barns utveckling. Barn utgör ungefär 20 % av vår befolkning och är en heterogen grupp med olika behov och förutsättningar. Barn har bland annat enligt FN:s barnkonvention och Plan- och bygglagen rätt att delta i den fysiska planeringen. Historiskt har barns medverkan och utrymme i den fysiska planeringen varit begränsad. Först på 1960-talet fick barndomen ett egenvärde, som stärktes ytterligare när FN:s barnkonvention antogs år 1990.

Calculations are an important part of planning around a construction project. From concept to completion of the project calculation is a tool to try to predict the actual cost. During the production stage in particular, deviations occur which makes the actual cost different from the calculations.This thesis is done in collaboration with JM Residential Stockholm. The study includes a cost follow-up in which a comparison was made between the calculated production cost and actual cost for the five projects. The aim of the study was to observe the most common reasons that a project deviates from the calculated production cost and then summing these causes in a number of categories.

Examensarbetet presenterar ett förslag till stadsomvandling på Långebro, som är ett centralt beläget verksamhetsområde sydost om Kristianstad centrum. Föreslaget ska fungera som underlag och inspirationskälla för att visa hur området kan nyexploateras såvida de stora och störande anläggningarna i området flyttas ut till stadens periferi, där de en gång förlades. Nu har staden växt och området har god potential att integrerads med Kristianstads centrum. Målet för det nedgångna och lågexploaterade verksamhetsområdet har varit att skapa en måttfull, vacker och attraktiv funktionsblandad stadsdel med mark för bostäder, arbetsplatser, handel och rekreation. Områdets närhet till Kristianstads centrum har gjort att innerstadens utformning av kvarter, parker, torg och rumsbildningar har varit förebild för den nya stadsdelen. Planförslagets har däremot vägt upp centrumets nackdelar med för få grönytor och för få varierande bostadsalternativ. Resultatet blev ett planförslag innehållande ca 2.500 bostäder med varierande husutformning, två nya boulevarder dit mer kommers med liv och rörelse förläggs, kajpromenad längs med Helge å för att öka vattenkontakten, ett torg, flera parker samt ett ?park and ride? tåg.

The purpose of the following essay is to analyze how the Swedish regional policy has been influenced by the regional policy in the EU. The study builds on the theoretical framework that is Europeanization, the top-down approach, which stipulates where you can find evidence of this influence. To obtain the information that I needed to answer my question formulations, which main question formulation are; in which way has the EU regional policy influenced the Swedish regional policy? I used the method of literature analysis. Both the theoretical framework alongside the chosen method pointed me to analyze the public debate in Sweden in the regional question.

Dancewalks är ett platsspecifikt danskonstverk skapat och uppfört i olika semioffentliga rum. Den här kvalitativa studien undersöker resultatet och effekterna av en Dancewalks i Malmö där 30 arkitekter och stadsplanerare deltog. Dancewalks är i sig själv ett performance vilket påverkar studien och därför också undersökningsprocessen. Det teoretiska ramverket utgår från Non representative theory och teorier om hur människor interagerar i rum. Tillvägagångssättet för studien är en triangulering av observation, fokusgrupp och semistrukturerade intervjuer.

Light pollution in urban areas - How to prevent light pollution at construction Jakob Sjöling Light pollution is a relatively new but rapidly growing form of pollution. Society's increasing demand for light coupled with the pace at which lighting technology evolves is accelerating that growth. The purpose of this study was to analyse how the construction industry plan and design outdoor lighting when erecting new buildings, specifically with regards to the issue of light pollution. It also investigated how local authorities work with these issues during urban planning. In both cases special interest was placed in ways to improve the planning and use of outdoor lighting in order to minimize light pollution.

In our everyday life we are constantly affected by sound; at home, on our way to and from work, when taking a walk through the woods and when we sleep. In discussions about sound one often talk about noise and to what degree a certain noise disturbs us. The positive qualities of a sound and what sounds contribute to the experience of a good environment is rarely discussed. The question of sound and the quality of sound is given more attention through the expansion of Stockholm, the city is becoming both bigger and more crowded. This raises new questions concerning the planning of the city e.g. should the changes of the sound quality in a place be one of the aspects taken into consideration when planning new buildings, are there ways to improve the sound quality in new building projects? Can we even improve the quality of sound in existing places by simple means? I have chosen to study four different areas in Stockholm; Hötorget, Mariatorget, Berzeliipark and Norrmalmstorg.

C-uppsats som avhandlar de centrala begreppen i Guidelines for Operational Planning(GOP) (Centre of Gravity, Decisive Points, Direct and Indirect Approach, Culmination,Manoeuvre, Temp, Operational pause och Lines of operation) granskat i ett historisktperspektiv.Uppsatsen försöker verifiera hypotesen att Guidelines for operational planning (GOP)centrala begrepp fungerar och är applicerbara på alla operationer. Ett belägg för detta är attman kan identifiera begreppen i en historisk operation.Tyska väpnade styrkor från Wehrmacht, Kriegsmarine och Luftwaffe genomförde ett anfallöver havet och i luften mot Norge den 9 april 1940. Operationen var av tyskarna döpt tilloperation Weserübung-nord och var mycket vågad. I uppsatsen kommer denna operation attvara det historiska perspektivet.

The practice of landscape architectural involves forming the space in our cities and suburbs, as well as the landscape surrounding. The need of exploiting green environment leads up to, among other issues, flood problem during heavy rain and overfed water environments. The problem is partially caused by the shortage of knowledge, how the environment is responding of the innovations made by the city- urban planning and how to get sustainability. Research and knowledge how to take care of our environment, in a natural way, is increasing. The object of the thesis is to propose control and balance in urban wetlands, and discuss the difference a plant design can do. The thesis deals with discourses in the field of landscape architecture, biological diversity, dam construction, limnology, planting design and management, pollution of the environment and urban design practice.