During my practical training I have seen what after-school offers children. Large groups of children and little staff, often results in that the children had to play freely until they go home. Few activities are offered to the children and the staff is busy looking after the children and ensures that they are not fighting.The purpose of this study is to find out how children feel about their leisure activities and if they think they are being offered a meaningful leisure. The main research questions were:How do children experience their leisure-time?Do after-school offers children a meaningful leisure and is it the children's interests and needs that govern the activities and the environment?How do the number of children in the leisure group affect the leisure time?The methods to collect data in the study are observations and interviews.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate which components previous scientific studies suggest that an efficient treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems should contain. For this purpose, an extensive review of scientific research conducted in Scandinavia has been read and will be presented in this essay. This essay also present an introduction to residential care in Sweden as well as to an alternative form of treatment for adolescents with behavioural problems called Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care (MTFC). The result of this essay suggest that treatment of adolescents with behavioural problems should be based on the emphasis of risk/resilience factors of the youth and that the treatment should be adapted to the youth?s individual personality and way of learning.

In Scandinavia the general idea of the Bronze Age society is that it was organised as chiefdoms. The model for what they looked like is taken from the anthropological studies of the Polynesian chiefdoms. The aim of my study is to investigate a Scandinavian Bronze Age feature, known as cairns mainly containing fire-cracked stone. This is compared with how people in different Polynesian chiefdoms, looked at similar remain. This is done to get a background for new ways of interpretation of such remains.

There are several known instances of megalithic graves being rebuilt and reused already in prehistoric time. The aim of this study is to investigate the phenomenom of megalithic reuse through the theorethical framework of social memory. Focus lies on two graves in southern Sweden; Firse sten in Falbygden and Skepparsl?v 10 in Scania. The two graves were originally constructed as passage graves but have in different ways been remodified into gallery graves.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the most important factors that affect Swedish perennial growers when designing their assortment. The study describes how herbaceous perennials are produced in Sweden today and try to give an answer to the question how growing method and choice of assortment are affecting the possibilities of Swedish producers to compete on the market. Seven perennial growers in the southern and western parts of Sweden have been interviewed about their production methods and on what basis they design the assortment of perennials. During the interviews five factors seem to be the most important when the growers choose which species to grow ? profitability, the characteristics of the species, the sales channel/customer, the growing environment/growing facility and the grower?s interest and knowledge. It is often a combination of these five factors deciding if a cultivar will be grown or not. .

Open access (OA) is a publishing model aimed at increasingthe access to academic research results. The object of thisstudy was to contrast nine colleges and four fundingorganizations in Scandinavia with mandatory OA-policies,and to study how they put OA into practice.Inspired by the Open Access Spectrum (OAS), a tool used toappreciate the OA of academic journals, the aim was tograde the policy documents of the colleges using the OASmodel.The study also compares how the colleges implementtheir OA-policies as well as how, and if, the demands fromthe funding organizations are reflected in the policies of thecolleges.The findings show that the OAS is not a tool designed forgreen OA and that all the information needed for the scale tofunction was not found in the policy documents we studied.A selection of the colleges has some demands in theirpolicies, although most of them allow exceptions to be madefrom the mandatory policy. This is shown to be mainly aquestion of academic freedom, and copyright, or rather thanthe degree to which the scientist and the publisher can cometo an agreement on allowing the information to be accessiblethrough OA.The study proposes that the way to change this may be toincrease the demands on OA in the policies, and that the bestsolution might be in stipulations within the employmentcontracts between the individual colleges and scientist..

The Earths climate is changing at a higher rate, i.e between 1861 and 1994 the annual mean temperature in Scandinavia increased with 0,68º C and according to recent climate models the annual mean temperature is likely to rise with another 3º C during this century.A warmer climate in many ways is associated with changing conditions for lake ecosystems. An expected higher water temperature and a stronger summer stratification of the water column increases the risk of anoxic conditions at the lake bottom. Thus anoxic conditions are likely to cause a phosphate leakage from the sediment, i.e. a higher internal loading of phosphate.In this project, the extremely warm summer of 2002 has been used as an example for a possible scenario for a future climate. By comparing levels of phosphorus in the summer of 2002 with a ten-year median value, a phosphorus related sensitivity to climate change has been analyzed for 55 Swedish lakes.

Marknadsaktiviteter vid produktlansering är ett samarbete med Haglöfs Scandinavia AB. Våren 2010 utfördes ett samarbetade med Haglöfs då ett underlag för utökat produktsortiment inom konfektion togs fram. På uppdrag av Haglöfs ska ett förslag framställas på hur en lansering ska kunna se ut om juniorkollektionen introduceras på den svenska marknaden. Hur fungerar det med produktlanseringens strategiska och taktiska lanseringsbeslut och vilka marknadsföringskanaler är lämpliga vid en produktlansering inom outdoorbranschen.Rapporten behandlar hur dagens företag inom outdoorbranschen i Sverige fullgör sina marknadsaktiviteter vid en produktlansering. Strategiska och taktiska lanseringsbeslut illustreras samt utvalda marknadsföringskanaler skildras.En lanseringsstrategi beskriver de marknadsföringsbeslut som är nödvändiga för att presentera en ny produkt till respektive målgrupp och börja generera en inkomst i form av försäljning av den nya produkten.

In the current situation there is not much written about assessment of laboratory work, and the majority of the working physics teachers are retiring and there are only a few newly qualified physics teachers. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how physics teachers assess laboratory work within upper secondary schools, with Gy2011 in mind. The new grade system, Gy2011, has a larger focus on the laboratory work then the earlier system Lpf 94. Skolverket has in their man-ual with examples of assessment two different sorts of laboratory experiments. The first assess-ment is regarding the planning of a laboratory work and the other about how able the pupil exe-cutes laboratory work.

This essay will examine the visitors' view of destination South Djurgården and the impact that tourism provides in them. South Djurgården belongs to Stockholm where the boundary between the southern and northern Djurgården is Djurgårdsbrunnsviken and Djurgårdsbrunnskanalen. The reason we chose South Djurgården is because the biggest and famous attractions of Stockholm are there. In this essay we have used a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. We conducted the survey through questionnaires and deep interviews.

Marknadsaktiviteter vid produktlansering är ett samarbete med Haglöfs Scandinavia AB. Våren 2010 utfördes ett samarbetade med Haglöfs då ett underlag för utökat produktsortiment inom konfektion togs fram. På uppdrag av Haglöfs ska ett förslag framställas på hur en lansering ska kunna se ut om juniorkollektionen introduceras på den svenska marknaden. Hur fungerar det med produktlanseringens strategiska och taktiska lanseringsbeslut och vilka marknadsföringskanaler är lämpliga vid en produktlansering inom outdoorbranschen.Rapporten behandlar hur dagens företag inom outdoorbranschen i Sverige fullgör sina marknadsaktiviteter vid en produktlansering. Strategiska och taktiska lanseringsbeslut illustreras samt utvalda marknadsföringskanaler skildras.En lanseringsstrategi beskriver de marknadsföringsbeslut som är nödvändiga för att presentera en ny produkt till respektive målgrupp och börja generera en inkomst i form av försäljning av den nya produkten.

Purpose of this study is to investigate whether BBIC had an effect on the interaction between social services and schools. To find this out, a comparative study carried out between two municipalities in southern Sweden who has worked with the BBIC system different lengths of time. The empirical data is based on six qualitative interviews with heads of unit in social services, principals in secondary schools, and social workers who work with children- and youth investigations. The theoretical framework consists of Bronfenbrenners Ecology model, systems theory as organizational theory and the theory of autopoiesis, and Danermark model of collaboration. The results of the survey show that respondents do not find that their inter-organizational collaboration has been significantly affected by the implementation of BBIC, but that BBIC provides a good basis for collaboration due to the logic and structure of the system..

The purpose of this work is to investigate what students in grades 4 to 6 at a school in southern Värmland know about cyber bullying. It also aims to find out whether there is or has been any cyber bullying in grades 4-6 at the school. The issues at work are what do cyber bullying? Is there a difference between cyber bullying in the different grades? (4-6 grades) Are their differences in cyber bullying when it comes to sex? And there is no connection between the mental bullying and cyber bullying? The material for the work was collected through a questionnaire survey conducted with students in grades 4 to 6. The survey was conducted anonymously, they were asked what sex it was and what grade they are in.

I nordöstra Lund planeras forskningsbyn Science Village Scandinavia (SVS). Stora avstånd mellan viktiga noder i området ses tillsammans med hårda vindar som utmaningar vid arbetet med att göra SVS attraktivt och besöksvärt under den långa exploateringstiden. På uppdrag av SVS AB och Lunds kommun presenterar detta examensarbete ett förslag för en förplantering av naturlik skogsvegetation på platsen. Ett koncept, där smala vegetationsridåer planteras längs de framtida rörelsestråken i SVS, föreslås i examensarbetet som en strategi för att klimatskydda platsen och samtidigt möjliggöra ett bevarande av vegetation som urban grönska i forskningsbyn. I enlighet med projektets stora hållbarhetsambitioner uttrycker konceptet även målet att presentera möjligheter för att använda avlägsnat växtmaterial som en resurs. Hur kan ett långsiktigt dynamiskt vegetationsbyggande, enligt det ekologiska tillvägagångssättet, förena värden såsom vindskydd, rekreationsvärden och ett ekonomiskt resursuttag, både tidigt och på lång sikt? En kunskapssammanställning görs kring vegetation som vindskydd samt hur ett långsiktigt dynamiskt vegetationsbyggande förhåller sig till smalare ridåplanteringar, ett upplevelsemässigt perspektiv, ett tidsperspektiv samt ett växtmateriellt resursuttag.

This report is a thesis work for a B.Sc. in Forestry at the School for Forest Engineers, SLU. The work was an assignment from Jarlträ AB which is a privately owned sawmill located in southern Småland. The aim of the work was to investigate the economical result of different pricelists and how to adjust different parameters such as length correction to give an optimal result. The pricelists was examined through a computer program (SilviA). The pricelists was made in the program and after that a simulation was preformed with a selection of random sampled trees gathered from the area nearby the sawmill.