Abstract Aims and objectives. To examine whether an intervention with carbohydrate- counting at onset of type 1 diabetes in children, has had any effect on metabolic indicators such as HbA1c , BMI-sds and total daily insulin / kg, 2 months and 1 year after onset by age and gender .Background. The pediatric department at the university hospital of Norrland in Umeå (NUS), has since several years a higher average HbA1c among children 0-17 years, compare with pediatric departments in the rest of Sweden.  Therefore, in autumn 2011, an intervention was made to teach children with diabetes and their parents to count carbohydrates from the onset of diabetes. Using this method they can regulate their insulin doses depending on the amount of carbohydrates they are eating.Design. This is an empirical registry study done on the basis of a quantitative method.

Bakgrund: Trots tydliga föreskrifter om basala hygienrutiner följs dessa inte alltid av personal på vårdavdelningar. Studier visar att orsaken till detta beror på olika faktorer. Syfte: Att undersöka kunskapen om, samt följsamheten till Socialstyrelsens föreskrifter om basala hygienrutiner hos undersköterskor, sjuksköterskor och läkare på ett universitetssjukhus i Mellansverige.Metod: En kvantitativ studie med deskriptiv och jämförande design. Datainsamlingen skedde med hjälp av ett observationsprotokoll samt en enkätundersökning. Antal medverkande i observationsmomentet var 93 deltagare respektive 81 i enkätundersökningen.  Data analyserades med ANOVA samt deskriptivt statistik.Resultat: Samtliga professioner hade relativt god kunskap gällande kunskapsfrågorna samt ansåg att kunskap är viktigt.

Bakgrund: Yrket sjuksköterska har bland personalen präglats av kvinnodominans och själva yrkestiteln i sig har en feminin ändelse. När män i större utsträckning väljer att utbilda sig till sjuksköterskor så uppstår nya situationer som inte förekommit tidigare när det bara funnits kvinnlig personal att förhålla sig till. Syfte: Att undersöka och beskriva manliga sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att vårda och bemöta kvinnliga patienter i nära vårdsituationer inom den somatiska vården, samt kvinnliga patienters emotionella erfarenhet av att ha blivit vårdade av manliga sjuksköterskor. Metod: Studien bedrevs som en litteraturstudie med sökningar i databaser för omvårdnadsforskning. Både kvalitativa och kvantitativa granskningsmallar användes vid kvalitetsgranskning.

Summary:The Clinical Training Center at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in Uppsala uses new methods for educating and training veterinary students. Among these methods are computer programs. The aim of this study was to create an interactive application based on data from horses CT-scanned at the Center for Medical Image and Visualization at Linköping University Hospital. The purpose of this application is for veterinary students to be able to use multidimensional visualization to study equine anatomy. The resulting application named "EQUINE VIRTUAL ANATOMY - Flash in the Tunnel" consists of data from six heads, one left foreleg and a wooden dalahorse.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om en BB-avdelning i Mellansverige uppfyllde UNICEF/WHO´s kriterier för en amningsvänlig vård, samt att jämföra resultaten med tidigare utvärderingar från åren 1996, 1997, 1998 och 2002. Syftet var också att undersöka vad som påverkat mammorna i beslutet att vilja amma. Amningsvänlig vård utgår från ?Tio steg till lyckad amning? och är en global amningsstrategi. Studien genomfördes i form av intervjuer med 40 nyförlösta mammor samt 22 intervjuer med personal.

Syfte: Syftet med denna tvärsnittsstudie var att undersöka hur prostatacancer patienter och deras partner skattar sina eventuella nivåer av ångest och depression samt att undersöka om skattningen mellan dessa två grupper skiljer sig åt. Syftet är även att kvalitetssäkra frågeformuläret Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) enligt ?Question-and-Answer?-modellen.Metod: Kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med deskriptiv- och jämförande metod användes. Studien innefattade sex patienter samt sex partners, sammanlagt 12 personer. Datainsamlingen skedde med hjälp av enkäter.Resultat: Både patienterna och deras partners skattar relativt låga nivåer av ångest och depression.

Background: The incidence of caesarean section for breech presentation has reached approximately 90 % in Sweden. In many of these cases, by means of specific selection criteria, it would be as safe to plan for vaginal breech delivery. Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate differences in management and to compare maternal and fetal outcomes according to delivery mode of breech presentation; vaginal vs. caesarian section. The study included breech presentation in full term singleton pregnancies at the UppsalaUniversityHospital, Uppsala, Sweden (UAS). Method: The study was based on medical record data with a retrospective, descriptive, comparative design with quantitative approach. The method for data collection was a manual review of patient records using a structured questionnaire. Results: Of the women with children in breech presentation during the period studied, 11 % gave birth vaginally.

Syfte: Syftet med denna tvärsnittsstudie var att undersöka hur prostatacancer patienter och deras partner skattar sina eventuella nivåer av ångest och depression samt att undersöka om skattningen mellan dessa två grupper skiljer sig åt. Syftet är även att kvalitetssäkra frågeformuläret Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) enligt ?Question-and-Answer?-modellen.Metod: Kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med deskriptiv- och jämförande metod användes. Studien innefattade sex patienter samt sex partners, sammanlagt 12 personer. Datainsamlingen skedde med hjälp av enkäter.Resultat: Både patienterna och deras partners skattar relativt låga nivåer av ångest och depression.

With the help of large amount of archive material I have examined how Gustavsberg in Värmdö were affected by the great labor migration in Gustavsberg porcelain factory during the period 1869-1924. I have chosen to investigate how the municipality dealt with the poverty relief issue out of the labour immigration perspective. To my surprise I found out that Värmdö was not responsible for Gustavsberg in the poverty issue. The workers belonged to the factory, which had a relatively well-developed system of poverty relief in place. This is not to say that the workers received any support from the factory to any great extent.

This is a study about children?s welfare and the Child Care Board way of working in Malmö city. We decided to make this a narrative and document analyses where the main focus have been the interactions between human beings, which means everything from the interaction between parents and child as well as the interaction between families and society.We wanted to investigate any possible alterations within the working system between 1931?1940. Our analysis showed that there hasn?t been a big change with the Swedish legislation.

BackgroundWhen women have breast pain this usually is not associated with myocardial infarction, which results in that they get less attention and wrong treatment. The nurse has an important role in informing and educating patients and families during hospitalization, which is usually short. Continuous training, written information and repetition for patient and family throughout the hospital stay are of considerable importance to clarify that the patient understands and to reduce the anxiety of being discharged.AimThe aim is to describe nurses' experiences of caring for older women with myocardial infarction.MethodsA qualitative method was used. The collection of data was done by six interviews with nurses in geriatric care and elderly care. Dataset has been processed based on a content analysis and divided into subcategories and main categories using meaningful units.ResultsNot having knowledge of older women with myocardial infarction was expressed as frustrating and nurses described how they were afraid to ask their colleagues.

Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) is an immune-mediated destruction of erythrocytes and is one of the most common haematological diseases diagnosed in dogs. The haemolysis is a type II immunoreaction and is initiated by IgG or IgM antibodies or complements. This retrospective study includes 63 dogs suffering from primary IMHA. The study was based on information from records from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences in Uppsala and from the Animal Hospital in Strömsholm. The aim of the study was to evaluate the progress of the disease, treatment and the prognostic factors in different breeds, gender and age. Following criteria were used for the dogs to be allowed in the study: the dogs were diagnosed with anaemia, the anaemia was regenerative and autoagglutination and/or spherocytes were seen in the blood. About 50 % of the dogs in the study were diagnosed with IMHA within 2-6 years of age. Wire-haired dachshund was remarkably one of the most common breeds in this study together with Cocker and Springer spaniel.

This thesis looks at two sides of the same coin: how to support the production and future development at a specialist medical technology department at Danderyd Hospital. The two sides are; a pilot study of a product management system (PDM) and an interview based study on the characteristics of the silent knowledge of the technicians. The department (National respiratory centre, NRC) is facing retirement of several key employees.The technical study shows that the success of an implementation is largely dependent on the users? prior knowledge and use of a 3D Computer aided design system (CAD).The system itself is shown to fulfill the Lifecycle requirement of tracking the products (mostly tracheostomy tubes) but without a CAD centered workflow, some substantial education and preferably some new recruits, an implementation of the PDM system will fail. The author recommends development of the current ?low-tech? system of MS Excel and Access rather than redistribute the dependency from technician towards a complex, commercial software and its vendor.The analysis of the technicians? silent knowledge with the newly developed method, epithet for silent knowledge (ETK), shows that the longer employment time:the more differentiated technicians become in describing their work,practical knowledge are regarded higher andthe social and collective problem solving factors of the work becomes more important.Typically, it is shown that a new employee should preferably enjoy problem solving, being pragmatic and social as well as having some prior education or work experience in a CAD and/or a PDM system..

The purpose of this thesis is to discuss how an instrument originally developed for measuring changes toward lean thinking inservice organizations in general should be adjusted in order to be of use in service organizations within the healthcare sector, andin hospital organizations in specific. The adjustments are suggested based on difficulties specifically arising when implementinglean within the healthcare sector.Thesis starting point is a pre-existing lean assessment instrument developed for service organizations in general. The thesis appliesa qualitative method and integrates literature from the health care sector and lean production movement with the expertise of tenacademics and practitioners in order to find difficulties associated with the implementation of lean within the healthcare sector.These difficulties then lie as the substratum for the adjustments suggested to be made on the instrument.The thesis finds that lean, as a philosophy, does not differ between service organizations in general and service organizationswithin healthcare settings. However, due to deficits in the general understanding of lean some adaptions on the instrument mustbe made. First, some words associated with production must be changed to words associated with healthcare.

Background In Nyanza in western Kenya are 30,5% of children estimated as malnourished. It is a family situation that nurses often come in contact with. Therefore it is of interest to know how nurses work with parents of malnourished children when they have a significant role in developing the family's knowledge and child health. Aim. The aim is to investigate how nurses experience that they are working with parents of malnourished children.