Frågeställningen som denna uppsats är avsedd att besvara är ifall offentlig sektor är tillväxthämmande för en stat, samt om en inkomstgaranti för individerna i en stat är tillväxthämmande. Denna frågeställning besvaras genom konstruerandet av en tillväxtmodell. Det nya elementet, som huvudsakligen är avsett för att klargöra effekterna av de studerade fenomenen, är införlivandet av en variabel som representerar interaktionsfrekvensen hos agenterna i ekonomin. Interaktionsfrekvensen är i sin tur ett resultat av dekommunikationsmedel som står agenterna till buds och hur mycket marknaden är reglerad. Den primära slutsatsen att dra från modellens dynamik är att en offentlig sektor har en negativinverkan på en stats ekonomiska tillväxt, om än validiteten i slutsatsen begränsas på grund av arbetets teoretiska karaktär..

A majority of the payments that are carried out today are executed through the electronic payment systems. Payments that are executed through these systems are administrated by payment service providers, these providers are, in general, banks. In spite of the socio-economic importance of payments and payment intermediation, there is an uncertainty regarding the legal status of payments and payment intermediation. Some describe payment intermediation as transport of means of payments, while some describe it in terms of claims and intermediation of information. There is, in other words, a need for clarification.

For a long time economic tax equalization system in Sweden has been creating dispute between Swedish communities. Despite the main purpose of the system - to reduce disparities and create equal economic opportunities for all communities ? some regions were not satisfied.The main purpose of this study is to determine what extant has equalization tax on investment spending of Danderyd municipality during 2000-2010 year period. The study is based on annual reports and personal interviews. The theoretical frame of the investigation is founded on Fjertorp's classification of investments and public choice theory.The investigation shows that there were no significant changes neither in investment spending or equalization tax during 2000-2010 period, even after the last changes of economic tax equalizations system in 2005.

Urbanisation has increased the distance between the urban and the rural. Urban agriculture can be a solution to overcome that distance. The characteristic of urban agriculture is the intensive production in intra urban and peri-urban areas. Until 1950s food production in cities was an important part of the urban economy and the urban food supply. Since the 1950s the urban located production of food has almost ceased in Sweden, partly as a result of cheap food imports.

Civil-military relations ? conditions for cooperationAbstract: Civil-military cooperation is a branch of current interest, both in studies and research. The importance has also increased after the government´s demands in a more developed and efficient coordination of national contribution to international peace support operations. Several studies show that there is a lack of ability to cooperate between different levels of command and other actors. The Swedish tradition of state administration is strong and the responsibility to cooperate lies within the hands of the different authorities.

The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to illuminate and analyze the working conditions of visual artists in the Swedish region of Värmland. As a profession which is known to have many problems concerning income and the fact that most artist are unable to get by on their art sales alone it becomes interesting to look closer on cultural policy?s affecting the artists, where the problems lie and what possible help they can get.I have used previous research and different sources to map out the working conditions in Sweden and Värmland alike and also interviewed five different visual artists in Värmland to get a general view of the working conditions in the country as a whole and their perception of the situation and special circumstances in Värmland. I have also used discourse analysis to compare the source material with the answers of my respondents to see which discourses that exists, that have hegemony, and to see how this subject is talked about.The results of this study showed how political decisions may force artists to become self-employed entrepreneurs even though many artists do not self-identify as such or even have any interest in profitable gain. The study also shows among other things that most artists have another occupation on the side but that there are some aids to help the artists with income.

Swedish agriculture faces future challenges regarding food production and land use. Increased competition for agricultural land creates complex situations, where conflicts may arise when productive crop land is in demand not only for food production but also energy- and fodder production. On top of that there is an obvious conflict of goals between agricultural production and non-agricultural exploitation of agricultural land. In several emerging economic regions it is noticeable how agricultural land is being expropriated for development of urban settlement and infrastructure, carrying potentially significant long-term effects. During the last decade the exploitation of agricultural land in activities other than food production has increased in Sweden and is expected to continue in the same manor. Approximately 700 hectare of land in Sweden is diverted from food production, annually, and in 2013, the Uppsala Municipality showed the greatest change in land use of all municipalities (SCB, 2013).

Uppsatsen ger historiska perspektiv och ekonomiska analyser av samband mellan ekonomisk utveckling och ojämlikhet. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är två artiklar av Oded Galor och Omer Moav som utarbetat formella modeller för analys av ojämlikhetens inverkan på tillväxten, med betoning på humankapitalets ökade betydelse i ekonomins senare utvecklingsstadier. Den empiriska undersökningen som författarna gör i artikeln ?Das Human- Kapital: A Theory of the Demise of the Class Structure? för England, är mallen för uppsatsen. Resultaten av den empiriska studien för Sverige ligger i linje med Galor och Moavs slutsatser för England men ett särskilt svenskt utvecklingsmönster spåras..

Variations in fertility have caused a problematic situation in Sweden among other European countries. According to the Council of Europe we are facing an economic and demographic challenge, when the baby boomers of the 1940?s are retiring. Economists have for a long time studied the connection between economic factors and fertility, and several studies have found a correlation between business cycles and birth rates. This connection is again of current interest 2008, when a financial bubble bursts at the same time as a baby boom occurs.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det kan skapas fler arbetstillfällen inom forskning och utveckling på den nationella arbetsmarknaden när hela eller delar utav den inhemska produktionen flyttar utomlands. För att undersöka varför företag flyttar sin produktion utomlands har jag tagit mig till hjälp av fem fallföretag. Vidare har jag undersökt vilka länder företagen väljer att flytta till samt de faktorer som påverkar beslutet. Avslutningsvis har jag genom en modifierad version av Romers modell undersökt om fler arbetstillfällen inom forskning och utveckling kan skapas när produktionen flyttar utomlands..

Denna uppsats studerar huruvida internationell diversifiering medför några vinster gentemot att följa en inhemsk strategi. Genom analys av dels sverigefonder och dels globalfonder slås det fast att så är fallet. En internationell strategi medför en lägre risk än en sverigekoncentrerad. Uppsatsen undersöker också fenomenet Home Bias, d.v.s. den snedvridning som innebär att en allt för stor andel av kapitalet placeras i hemlandet.

The aim of this paper is to analyze aid, grouped into sectors, and its effect on growth in developing countries, to find out which type of aid has had the most positive effect on growth. We compiled a regression analysis based on panel data over 81 developing countries from 1975-1999. In our first regression we considered and group countries by institutional quality, in the other we considered and group countries after regional differences. As a measure on institutional quality we used the KKZ-index. The principal aim of this paper was to find out what kind of aid is the most efficient in its influence on growth in LDC?s.

The purpose of the study is to show the conditions there are by working with aesthetic expressions in pre-school and how these activities are implemented. Questions that we are going to discuss are: What are the conditions for working with aesthetics in pre-school? How is the work implemented when it comes to aesthetic expressions? Our ambition has been to study what conditions it takes to use aesthetic expressions in a way that is meaningful for the children and also show the conditions and alternative methods that are present in different schools. We have used a web survey to reach a result in the study. This web survey includes questions about the different aesthetic activities and has given us the answers to the questions above. The result shows that there are different ways of working and different views at aesthetic expressions.

The aim of this qualitative respondent investigation is to delve into the various views that teachers have concerning the ?One-to-One project?, as well as the use of computers as an aid in teaching. One-to-One means that teachers and students will be equipped with a laptop they can use at home and at school.This essay looks at how several factors have changed as a result of this. These factors are threefold: the role of the teacher, the teaching experience, and the student´s learning process. In order to answer the mentioned questions, four interviews have been conducted at two different high schools in southern Norrland.

The Vaxholm conflict was initiated when the Swedish Trade Union for Construction Workers shut down a construction site in order to prevent a Latvian construction company to build a school after the two parties had failed to agree upon a collective agreement in compliance with Swedish regulations. An emotional public debate followed that resulted in a discussion of the proposal for the Services Directive of the EU, based upon the country-of-origin principle. In this thesis we will analyze whether the country-of-origin principle or the country-of-destination principle is best suited to capture the gains-of-trade that the common market hoards and improve welfare within the EU. We conclude that the country-of-origin principle is the more apt of the two, though it leads to some short-run costs such as structural unemployment. But these will be more than outweighed by the gains in aggregate welfare for the EU in the long run..