Bilingualism and multilingualism have always existed in Sweden. Preschool teachers must provide a stimulating pedagogical environment adapted to bilingual children.The purpose of this examination is to study the perspective of the preschool teachers and their knowledge regarding bilingual and multilingual children. Their knowledge will be examined related to their language experiences. I hope to find similarities and dissimilarities in the preschool teachers? opinions concerning teaching and learning what they actually do when they are teaching.My study is based on qualitative method, based on interviews and repeated observations.

Background: Traditional oral health education is seldom enough in order for dental care personnel to motivate their patients to good, long-lasting oral health care habits and there is a need for evaluation of other more efficient methods. One of these methods is motivational interviewing. An overview of its origin, definition, theoretical background and practical methods is given by way of introduction. Aim: The aim of the investigation was to review studies that had used motivational interviewing in order to obtain oral health, focusing on prevention and treatment of gingivitis, periodontitis and dental caries. Method: Systematic review. A search question was run through the databases ASSIA, ERIC, PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts and PubMed. The articles were reviewed based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Five publications (based on three studies) met the inclusion criteria.

AimThe study aims were to identify young adults? sources of nutritional advice on the Internet and how they perceive the credibility of these. The study also aimed at exploring young adults' knowledge of national recommendations issued by the National Food Agency.MethodA web-based survey was distributed on the social media platform Facebook. The questionnaire contained a total of 14 questions regarding online nutritional advice and its credibility. Finally, it requested the respondent's knowledge and credibility of the national nutritional recommendations.

The Swedish public procurement correspond to approximately 400 milliard Swedish crowns every year which corresponds to about a fourth of the Swedish Gross National Product. Setting proper demands in the procurement is a useful tool to drive the development towards more environmentally adapted products and provisions. The Act on Public Procurement (Lagen om offentlig upphandling, 1992:1528) gives the municipalities opportunities to consider environmental properties during the procurement. This combined literature and empirical study investigates the experiences made by the three municipalities Ludvika, Borlänge and Smedjebacken during the process of certifying their school kitchens as organic in cooperation with KRAV. The main conclusion is that without compassion and curiosity for developing a green public procurement changes can be hard to implement.

Within the ambulance care in Uppsala County a vacuum splint is used to immobilize fractures on extremities. The research available on which method of immobilizing to prefer during pre-hospital treatment is limited. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the perceptions of the ambulance personal in Uppsala County on the issue of usability of SAM-splint and vacuum splint when immobilizing extremities. The project was also aimed at researching if SAM-splint could be seen as an alternative or a complement to vacuum splint, and to get an apprehension on any evident differences in patients? perceived pain when treated with the two different approaches. A descriptive comparative study was carried out. All patients, regardless of age and sex, with the need of immobilizing supposed fractures, were included.  Patients with suspected femur fracture, collum fracture, or where pre-hospital care was not possible or in question, was excluded.

The purpose with this study was to systematically examine scientific studies of audiologic group rehabilitation. The definition of audiological rehabilitation was explored, different variables that influence the result and how the outcome measures should be done and its relationship with the goals of audiologic rehabilitation. The method used was a literature study. Pubmed and Cinahl were used for the search of literature. Some articles were searched from scientific studies reference lists and also advice from the supervisor.The result from the different studies shows that the effect of rehabilitation varies as there are many aspects that have an affect on the outcome measure.

AbstractThis study deals with Swedish upper secondary school teachers' approaches to an expanded text concept. Attitudes mediated through media as well as ?the new languages? that media give rise to, imply new conditions for the activities in school. As a necessary adaptation to the new conditions given by the media forces, the Swedish upper secondary school 1994 incorporated ?an expanded text concept? in the syllabus for the Swedish language.The focus of the study is how Swedish upper secondary school teachers' work to meet and challenge the students' in an expanded text concept.

Sömnstörningar hos ungdomar anses vara ett växande problem. Det finns misstankar om att ungdomarnas ökade användning av Informations- och Kommunikationsteknik (IKT) är boven i dramat. Ungdomar upplevs spendera en allt större del av sin tid framför datorn, samtidigt som mobilen går varm av samtal och SMS. Det saknas dock utförlig forskning kring sambanden mellan IKT-användande och sömn. Syfte: Att undersöka huruvida ungdomar lider av sömnstörningar och om det i så fall kan kopplas till deras IKT-användande.

This thesis examines how marketing by secondhand apps affects young adult women's consumption habits, investigating whether these platforms promote or counteract overconsumption. While the secondhand market is considered more sustainable than buying new, these apps may still encourage overconsumption. The study focuses on the marketing strategies of three major secondhand apps in Sweden: Tradera, Sellpy, and Vinted, analyzing their impact on consumer behavior using the AIDA model (Attention, Interest, Desire, Action). Based on qualitative interviews with eleven women aged 20-27 and the authors observations of the apps marketing activities, the study finds that secondhand apps often emphasize environmental benefits and makes secondhand shopping accessible and appealing. However, the marketing tactics used by these apps, including frequent push notifications, targeted advertisements, and influencer collaborations, may lead to increased consumption. Overconsumption causes significant environmental damage, and while the secondhand market can mitigate these effects by extending the lifecycle of items, the emphasis on convenience end environmental benefits can inadvertently encourage more consumption. The study concludes that secondhand apps play a complex role in consumer behavior, balancing the potential for sustainability with the risk of promoting overconsumption.

Bruket av tobak har idag blivit en viktig folkhälsofråga eftersom rökning och snusning har negativa effekter på såväl allmänhälsa som munhälsa. Trots det röker nästan var fjärde svensk kvinna och var femte svensk man. Syftet med den här studien var att kartlägga tobaksvanorna bland förstaårsstudenterna på sjuksköterske-, tandhygienist- och folkhälsopedagogiska programmet samt att undersöka vilka kunskaper studenterna på respektive program har om tobak och dess effekter i munhålan. Studien genomfördes som en enkätundersökning där 121 enkäter delades ut till studenterna på de tre programmen. Resultatet visade att 7% av studenterna var dagligrökare och 17% var feströkare.

The underlying purpose of this study is to see whether a library focused solely on providing literature in other languages than Swedish serves as a unifying, integrating force, or as an agent for division and exclusion. The study focuses on the International Library in Stockholm. The authors have created a profile of the visitors of the selected library, concerning their characteristics, their library habits and their perceptions of the International library. This profile has then been compared with the staff?s perception of the visitors as a group.

Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med denna uppsats var att kartlägga sömnvanor hos kontorsarbetande, samt att undersöka vilka omständigheter som kan ligga bakom att individer sover som de gör. Vi vill tydliggöra att sömn har en stor effekt på hur vi mår och visa på vilka bakomliggande faktorer som kan förändras för att förbättra en dålig sömn.Metod: Vi har valt att använda oss av en kvantitativ metod bestående av en enkätundersökning. För den teoretiska bakgrunden har en litteratursökning genomförts och studerats. Enkäten är baserad på Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ), där vi lagt till ett antal egna frågor. Frågorna speglar frågeställningarna för arbetet och tillhör tre olika kategorier; orsaker till sömnvanor, vanor runt sömn och övriga frågor.

Hälsofrämjande arbete på arbetsplatsen är av stor betydelse för att uppnå god hälsa i befolkningen. Det för arbetstagaren skattefria friskvårdsbidraget som många arbetsgivare erbjuder bidrar till att främja hälsan i företag och organisationer.Syftet med undersökningen var att ta reda på hur anställda på en arbetsplats förhåller sig till friskvårdsbidraget och vilka orsakerna är till att det utnyttjas eller inte utnyttjas. Ett andra syfte var att beskriva de anställdas motionsvanor och inställning till hälsa.Designen var en tvärsnittsstudie och ansatsen var en kvantitativ, deskriptiv undersökning. Studiepopulationen var arbetstagare på en arbetsplats vilka erbjöds ett friskvårdsbidrag. Urvalet var 134 anställda på företaget Anticimex Region Norr.

Bakgrund. Miljön på intensivvårdsavdelningen är fylld av olika stimuli i form av ljud och ljus. Sjuksköterskorna arbetar bedside och täta omvårdnadsåtgärder är nödvändiga för dessa kritiskt sjuka patienter. Denna miljö lämnar en liten möjlighet för sömn och vila. För att patienterna ska få möjlighet till vila under dagtid har vissa intensivvårdsavdelningar lagt in en period med mindre aktivitet, tysta timmen, också kallat patientvila.

Elephants are hindgut fermenters, which affects their diurnal rhythm. To reach their nutrient demands, elephants must eat almost constantly throughout the light part of the day. Sexual dimorphism may also affect their behavioral patterns. To understand the elephants' normal living habits and foraging behaviour, we conducted a pre-study in the Mara Triangle, the north-western part of the Maasai Mara National Reserve. Each of four to six observers randomly chose a focal animal within the group of elephants by the criteria that they were adults and visible.