Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) has for many years been used in products to reduce their flammability, mainly in electronic products, textiles and construction materials. In 2003, Sweden imported 300 tons of brominated flame retardants. Leakage of these compounds has polluted natural environments. Fishes has shown increased contents of these substances, especially fat fish, since brominated flame retardants tends to accumulate in fatty tissues. They are also regarded as persistent and that gives them the ability to travel long distances. What also is really scary is that increased levels of brominated flame retardants have been detected in human breast milk. The knowledge of the brominated flame retardants is limited and not so much research has been done in this field. There are many reasons though, to keep the research going. Partly their structural resemblance to well-known toxics as PCB, but also their ability to accumulate in biological systems and enrich in food chains. In which way they affect humans we really don?t know yet.

Bakgrund: Sömnen är en viktig del av en människas liv, man sover bort ca en tredjedel av sin livstid. Med det naturliga åldrandet förändras sömnen och man blir mer känslig för omkringliggande stimuli och vaknar då lättare på natten samt sover färre timmar. På en vårdavdelning finns det mycket som kan påverka sömnen, speciellt hos äldre människor. Ljud som man inte känner igen, en okänd säng att sova i samt andra människor i samma rum. Alla dessa faktorer kan ge uppkomst till sömnrubbningar under en vistelse på en vårdavdelning.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva faktorer som påverkar äldre vuxnas och äldres sömn på en vårdavdelning.Metod: I denna litteraturöversikt har databaserna CINAHL with full text och Medline använts.

Weaning is a standard procedure at most studs, and the methods of weaning varies greatly. The method used at the stud in this particular study is supposed to decrease stress. The purpose of the study was to compare the behaviour of foals in group before and after stepwise removal of their mares. Standardbred foals with their mothers were kept in three different groups at pasture (12, 11 and 11 foals, respectively, mixed sexes). They had free access to silage and the foals were fed concentrate in a creep-feeding area. By the time the foals were 5 months old, the mares were stepwise removed from the pasture.

Symtombilden bland patienter som kommer till företagshälsovården har förändrats de senaste 10 åren. Tidigare dominerade besvär från rörelseorganen. Idag är de psykosomatiska symtomen vanligast. Bland patienter som söker vid företagshälsovården har många problem med stress och sömn. Som orsak nämns höga krav, ökad produktionstakt, ständig omorganisation av arbetsprocesser som skapar otrygghet, och samtidigt svårigheter att få jobb och familj att gå ihop.

The Swedish Government has decided that Wind power should have a higher contribution to the electricity generation in Sweden. Their goal is that, by 2015, the yearly production by Wind power should generate 10 TWh. In year of 2006, the 760 wind mills in Sweden generated only 0,936 TWh. Despite good wind conditions in a large extend of Sweden's land- and coast areas, the slow rate of new wind mills establishments will likely result in unattainable goals. The major problem for new establishments of wind mills is the extensive and complicated permission process. An expert group of environmental studies (Expertgruppen för miljöstudier) was commissioned by the Government to make a report concerning the problems with the expansion of wind power in Sweden.

Background: Evaluation of lameness in horses is traditionally performed by a veterinarian who subjectively evaluates the movements of the horse. Accordingly, lameness diagnosis varies with the veterinarian and circumstances for which the horse is examined. Research within the area has long tried to establish an objective and standardized method for lamenessevaluation in horses. Several methods have been shown to be reliable and are used regularly within research, for example measurement of forces between the hoof and ground, and measurement of movements with high speed cameras or accelerometers. However these methods require considerable preparation, standardization, and expensive equipment as well as produce large amounts of data that are incomprehensible for the clinician.

Det är inte ovanligt att viss rock- och annan populärmusik tillskrivs konstnärliga ambitioner, eller förses med epitet som "konstnärlig" och "konstmusikalisk". Sällan utvecklas emellertid på vilket sätt detta konstnärliga tar sig uttryck. Uppsatsens syfte är att musikanalytiskt undersöka vad som kan motivera formuleringarna och om de kan anses adekvata. Materialet för undersökningen är tre verk/låtar ur rockgenren, som beskrivits med ovanstående begrepp: Close to the Edge med gruppen Yes från 1972, Sense of Doubt med David Bowie från 1977 och Sleep med gruppen Godspeed You! Black Emperor från 2000. Metoden är den auditiva musikanalysen, vilket innebär att analysen utgår från ett aktivt lyssnande på musikens förlopp.

Barren rearing environment and early weaning of piglets can lead to a high level of distress, behavioural disturbances and reduction in weight gain. The main aim of this thesis was to study the effects of potential enrichment objects on piglet?s behaviour and weight gain during the pre- and post-weaning period. The second aim was to examine what type of object stimulated the highest frequency of interaction. The study was carried out at the Swedish Livestock Research Centre in Lövsta where a batch of litters from 10 first-parity Yorkshire sows were used.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur individer som arbetar skift upplever att skiftarbetet påverkar dem fysiskt och psykiskt samt hur de upplever att det påverkar deras mattider och matvanor.Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ semistrukturerad intervju. Fyra skiftarbetande informanter deltog i studien, av dessa var tre personer män och en kvinna. Informanterna i studien var 24, 27, 45 samt 45. Intervjuerna spelades in och transkriberades för att sedan analyseras med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Meningsenheter ur det transkriberade materialet valdes ut, kondenserades och kodades.

Bakgrund: Sveriges folkhälsopolitik utgår idag från elva folkhälsomålområden. I målen finns bland annat fysisk aktivitet, goda matvanor och barns trygga uppväxtvillkor. Övervikt och fetma är ett utbrett och ökande folkhälsoproblem i Sverige, vilket kan leda till bland annat hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar och diabetes. Bland barn och ungdomar har prevalensen för övervikt och fetma fördubblats de senaste två decennierna. Orsaken till övervikt och fetma är främst en obalans i energiintag och förbrukning, men även andra levnadsvanor kan ha en betydelse.

The incidence of many of the most common diseases in dairy cattle has been proven to be highest during the time closest to calving. It is possible that the current breeding strategy with 12 month calving intervals increases the risk for disease in dairy cattle, which is problematic concerning both animal welfare and for economic reasons. The economic incentives behind a calving interval of 12 to 13 months have mainly been based on milk- and feed- costs and no costs due to diseases or fertility disturbances have been included.The aim of this study was to see if a lengthening of the calving interval would result in lower disease frequency. The hypothesis is that cows with a planned calving interval of 15 months have a lower disease incidence than cows with a calving interval of 12 months due to less number of calvings. Therefore the difference in disease frequency should be larger when compared over a long period of time, such as over lifetime, since cows with a longer calving interval experience fewer calvings.The study was performed between August 17th, 1994, and January 24th, 2007.

Introduktion: WHO betonar vikten av att integrera traditionell- och komplementärmedicin i nationella hälsovårdssystem. I Sverige förekommer integrativ medicin med antroposofisk inriktning på Vidarkliniken i Järna.Syfte: Att studera förändringar av självskattat hälsotillstånd hos patienter som erhållit antroposofisk vård på Vidarklinikens öppenvårdsmottagning i Norrköping.Metod: En kvantitativ metod med enkäter till 26 patienter på Vidarklinikens öppenvårdsmottagning i Norrköping, konsekutiv datainsamling. Hälsorelaterad livskvalitet skattades med hjälp av EQ-5D (rörlighet, hygien, aktivitet, smärta och oro) och EQ-VAS (totalt hälsotillstånd) samt två enkäter, konstruerade för denna studie, med VAS-skalor för sömnkvalitet, fysiskt tillstånd, psykiskt tillstånd och förutsättningar att hantera sin livssituation, samt patienternas beskrivning av måluppfyllelse. Därutöver undersöktes patienternas sjukskrivningsgrad och läkemedelsförbrukning.Resultat: Patienterna hade mycket varierande diagnoser och ofta sammansatt problematik. Vanligast var utmattning, fibromyalgi och smärta.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the possibility to make small, cheap and ultra low power sensor platforms, connected in wireless networks for monitoring of home and industrial environments. The concept is based on ideas from our supervisor, Jerry Lindblom. The developed system consists of a generic platform for different sensors, a receiver and software. A GPRS module from RO Rollytech AB and a database from Gema Industri AB have been modified and used to demonstrate an example of a complete system. To the platform, it is possible to connect any resistive sensor and any sensor that can act as a switch.

Title: Valuing Real Estate FCFE and interest coverage under macroeconomic uncertainty with scenario analysisAuthors: Marcus Ewerstrand, Jakob MattssonAdvisor: Gert SandahlBackground and problem: After the collapse in the Swedish economy in the beginning of the 1990-ties, the company Secerum was launched. Securums objective was to handle unsecured credits from Nordbanken by transferring a large portfolio of properties and to setup a number of companies who would be in charge for the prospects of these assets. One company that was established during this remarkable period was Castellum, in the year of 1994. After a successful process of raising capital to its development of corporate strategies and formation of several affiliated companies which operates locally, Castellum was publish on the Stockholm stock exchange 1997/1998. Now, thirteen years later after its establishment, the credit crunch in the US.

The global biodiversity loss is mainly due to human activities such as an intensification of forestry. Boreal forest ecosystems in Fennoscandia are characterized by disturbances such as forest fires, storms and floods. However, industrial forestry practices suppress forest fires and change the landscape, leading to a loss of habitats and associated species. Particularly lichen species with slow adaptation abilities and a strong substrate specificity face an extinction debt in boreal forests since their substrates are long-lived but no longer created. In this study the species-substrate relationship of two red-listed forest-fire dependent lichen species Carbon-icola anthracophila and C.