Regulations on the exhaust emissions of HD-diesel engines are becoming more and more stringent, and therefore, emission after-treatment systems are commonly used. These systems rely on catalytic conversion of NOx,CO , and HC emissions, and are thus dependant on temperature. At low load of the engine, exhaust temperatures are not sufficient for the after-treatment components. Therefore, means to increase the exhaust temperature while maintaining low emissions and fuel consumption are needed.The focus of this project has been to develop strategies for the lift profiles of exhaust and intake valves in the engine, with the goal to raise exhaust temperature in combination with low emissions and fuel consumption. The strategies have been tested in a single-cylinder research engine equipped with a hydraulic variable valve actuation system.

The purpose of this study has been to find out what possibilities the journalists at the newspaper Aftonbladet have to live up to the proposed ideas and values that defines journalism, as well as how these values are presented to the readers. With this as a starting-point we have studied what kind of society Aftonbladet presents to its readers as well as how this society is supposed to work and also what it`s like. To be able to answer this question we have first researched through theories and earlier studies, literature about journalism, media science, semiotics, history and laws. With the help of the investigation we found fitting tools to perform the analysis. With the theory as groundwork we have, through the qualitative approach analyzed seven news articles from seven Aftonbladet newspapers during one week.Our study shows that the Afonbladet?s journalists have not been able to present occurrences in society in a correct and impartial manner - because they exaggerate insignificant details and neglect to show real attention to serious societal structures by using sensationalism, dramatization and a very superficial approach to the stories that they are conveying.

Män och kvinnor har alltid tillskrivits olika attribut gällande vad som anses typiskt manligt respektive kvinnligt. Dessa är dock förändrliga över tid, det som klassas som typiskt manligt idag hade troligen en helt annan innebörd på 1700-talet. Ambitionen med den här uppsatsen har varit att försöka få en bild av hur maskulinitet förändrats under en kort period. Genom att undersöka hur mannen presenterats i livsstilsmagasinet Café 1990 och 2009 hoppades jag kunna bilda mig en uppfattning om detta. Jag har använt Yvonne Hirdmans (2001) tre uppdelningar för att få en överblick över hur maskulinitet presenteras i olika sammanhang.

E-handeln med mode karaktäriseras av hög returandel och ofta lågvärdiga varor med relativt kort livslängd. Det ställer stora krav på företag att effektivt hantera returer, både operativt men också strategiskt. Denna studie undersöker fyra modeföretag med försäljning online. Företagen har olika egenskaper vilket ger ett komparativt underlag till studien. Exempelvis har företagen olika affärsstrategier, olika antal försäljningskanaler och olika historia, som påverkat utformningen av deras respektive returhantering.

Intresset kring mode är stort i Sverige och handeln med detaljhandelsvaror ökar för varje år. Det senaste året har dock varit tufft för många företag i branschen, både nationellt och internationellt. Rapporter visar att handeln ökar totalt sett i landet, men att det finns stora regionala skillnader. Storstäderna i landet ökar mest både befolkningsmässigt och handelsmässigt, på bekostnad utav övriga regioner. Rapporter visar även att trenden går mot att de mindre lokala butikerna blir färre och de stora butikskedjorna ökar sin utbredning världen över.Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva och försöka förklara om en mellanstorstad i Sverige har de förutsättningar som krävs för att etablera en butik från en världsomfattande modekedja, varvid huvudsakligen kvalitativ metod använts.

Background: The construction industry is Sweden?s single most important industry branch with a significant influence on Sweden?s wealth. The political restrictions that once controlled the industry are today almost gone. This combined with an unbalanced supply and demand situation on the Swedish constructions market, caused by urbanisation, has led to increased pressure on the Swedish construction companies who now are forced to find new methods in their struggle to contain or increase their competitive advantage. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to survey: which strategic variables are of great importance in today?s Swedish construction industry with focus on the four main actors, JM, NCC, PEAB and Skanska.

Introduction: Nowadays, it is a considerable fact that parents stay with their hospitalized child, however the role played by parents may not always be obvious. For many parents, this is a difficult experience, which may cause stress among parents who want to be supportive for their child. Parents and children have a close bond and influence each other emotionally; therefore it is of great importance that parent?s experiences of hospitalization should be noted. The pediatric nurse may apply this experience to give the best possible care for the child and the family.

The present essay concerns Walter Benjamin´s engagement with the concept of critique in four of his early writings from 1916-1928. It revolves around three main themes, or objects of interest: the critique of language [Sprache], the critique of the work [das Werk] and the critique of history [Geschichte]. The main objective of this study is to show how we can understand Benjamin?s conception of critique and how he develops it in regard to language, the work and history. The essay argues that this is a vital part to understand his philosophy in general as well as his later philosophy of history in particular.

Syfte: Det övergripande syftet med studien var att utforska hur chefen för elevhälsan, rektorer och specialpedagoger medverkar till det hälsofrämjande och förebyggande arbetet inom elevhälsan i en glesbygdskommun, i studien kallad för Humlekommunen.Då elevhälsans förebyggande och hälsofrämjande roll blev tydligare i den nya skollagen anser vi att den roll och uppgift specialpedagogen har/bör ha är intressant att belysa och reflektera över. Enligt Skollagen ska ?elevhälsan främst vara förebyggande och hälsofrämjande? (Utbildningsdepartementet, 2010b, s.24). Det är således en stor utmaning för dagens skola och framför allt elevhälsan hur den ska kunna arbeta förebyggande och hälsofrämjande.Syftet preciserades med följande frågeställningar:1. Vilka faktorer styr elevhälsans förebyggande och hälsofrämjande arbete?2.

The aim of this paper is to investigate how well information and communication technology (ICT) is implemented in the new teacher training program in the subject of Swedish and how this is presented in the applications for examination licence to the National Swedish Agency for Higher Education. This is an interesting field of study, since ICT has been selected, by an investigation chosen by the government to be one of four overall perspectives that are supposed to permeate the teacher training program. There have been several difficulties involved in this project of which one has been the extent of the material.  27 applications and all curriculums in the subject of Swedish belonging to them have been examined. Another difficulty was that the applications and the curriculums are written by different persons under different conditions such as time and resources.

Den här uppsatsens syfte har varit att ur ett historiskt perspektiv undersöka den bild av könsroller som förmedlats till barn genom leksaksreklam i Sverige under perioden 1949 - 2009. Samt att ställa denna utveckling i relation till utvecklingen av könsbilder och jämställdhet i samhället i stort under samma historiska period.För att göra detta har jag genomfört en innehållsanalytisk undersökning av ett stort antal annonser, (3906st), i 10 kataloger från 1949 fram till 2009. Jag har tagit fram omfattande statistik över huruvida leksaksreklam har varit riktad mot specifika kön eller inte, hur genuskodningen har gått till, samt över vilka typer av leksaker och vilka attribut som har förknippats med flickor respektive pojkar.Undersökningen visar att vissa förändringar har skett under perioden, särskilt gällande hur leksaker har marknadsförts mot kön. Marknadsföringen blev överlag mindre könsindelad under 60- och 70-talen, då jämlikhet och kvinnokampen var mycket aktuella ämnen i samhällsdebatt och politik. Från 80-talet och framåt så blev dock reklamen allt mer könsindelad igen, även om den explicita könsindelningen försvann och de metoder som användes blev mer subtila och implicita.Vad gäller de bilder av genus som leksaksreklamen förmedlar till barn så har de under hela perioden varit genomgående traditionellt stereotypiska.

Due to the globalization and the changes in the market, companies have now realized the importance of a strong brand. This has led to the phenomena outsourcing. The relation between the branding consultant and his or her client has changed. Earlier the consultants worked as a single unit and were given a task to independently accomplish the assignment. Today there has to be co-operation between the two parties.

The purpose of this study was, if possible, to find a housing system for growing bulls that was as optimal as possible for the animal welfare. In order to select housing systems you must take into account the size of the group, body weight and the type of floor. Seven of the international most common housing systems were compared, straw bedding, deep straw bedding, sliding straw bedding, concrete slatted floor, rubber coated slatted floor, cubicles and feeding cubicles. Studies that have examined the proportion of tail, claw and leg injuries and the presence of unnatural behavior in the different systems. In summary, all studies showed that soft underlay were beneficial for the animals in terms of the proportion of bone lesions and swellings.

In Northen Bungoma, Western province ? Kenya, the Vi-Agroforestry Project (VI-AFP) has introduced a new project that covers 7000 households. To succeed with the project, a water resources protection project, agroforestry methods will be implemented to secure the water quality of the area. In this thesis a foundation is laid for future follow-up studies of land cover and land use of this area. To carry out this study an existing method from a cooperation between VIAFP and Dalarnas University (HDa) has been implemented.

Background: Patients with cervical spinal cord injuries are often dependent on a mechanical ventilator due to the damage on the innervation to breathing musculature. During rehabilitation they have to be trained to regain own breathing. This unweaning process may give respiratory complications, which are main causes to morbidity and death. These respiratory complications are traditionally treated in an intensive care unit (ICU), which means that the patients have to return back to these emergency units.Aim: To investigate number, length and causes of returns to intensive care units and the length of the weaning process. Further, to compare if a multidisciplinary approach to the weaning process may reduce ICU returns and to shorten the weaning process.