The building industry consumes approximately 40 % of the total energy consumption in Sweden, where the using stage is dominating with 80 %. There is a lot of work in progress to reduce energy use in the building industry, and the demands from authorities regarding energy use increases. As a part of this work Building and planning department of Sweden has established a requirement that has been applied since 2006, and restricts a maximum energy use for buildings.The requirement includes that an energy Simulation must be done in advance to demonstrate that it is possible to meet the demands.Reality is however more complex than an energy Simulation program, that frequently underestimates the energy use of buildings. The purpose of this thesisis to study and analyse deviations between estimated and actual energy use in modern apartment buildings. The study includes four apartment buildings in Stockholm, Gothenburg and Jönköping that were built in 2007-2009.

The report aims to describe the austenitic stainless steel Sanicro 25 from a thermomechanical point of view. The thermal and mechanical properties of the material make it suitable for use in coal ? and thermal power plants. By the use of Sanicro 25 it would be possible to bring the efficiency of these plants up while bringing the carbon emissions down.A material model is created from material testing and validated through Simulation in the finite element software Abaqus. The model that has been derived describes the material behavior during loading and stress relaxation for the first cycle in a thermomechanical fatigue test well.

In order to facilitate testing of anesthesia machines a patient simulator has been required by Maquet Critical Care AB. A patient simulator has been developed to reduce expensive and time consuming animal experiments and temporary lab arrangements. The patient simulator has been developed and designed to simulate human lungs with regards to anesthetic uptake, production of carbon dioxide and heating and moisturizing exhaled air.The system comprises a container and a test lung to simulate the volume and the dynamic of the human lung. The Simulation of uptake of anesthetics has been implemented by pumping a fraction of the gas from the container through a bypass circuit with an active charcoal filter that adsorbs volatile anesthetics. The flow through the bypass circuit is generated by a pump and is controlled by a linear valve.The resulting performance of the patient simulator has fulfilled the requirements.

There are differences today amongst psychoanalysts regarding if psychoanalysis should limit itself to being exclusively a hermeneutic discipline or if psychoanalysis should find points of contact with neurobiology. The purpose of this essay is to touch upon the larger issue that creates the different points of view: Can psychoanalysis become enriched by finding points of contact with neurobiology, and should psychoanalysis be regarded as belonging to a broader scientific field than being exclusively a human science? The question at issue is: Can modern neurobiology contribute to a development of the psychoanalytic concepts; compulsion to repeat, transference/countertransference and talking cure? The method used is a literature study. The result shows that: Freud?s theories regarding traumatic compulsion to repeat can be linked with LeDoux?s theory of "emotional memory".

Our task was to create a virtual test bench for verifying memory addresses in our commissioning body?s models. The purpose with the testbench was that it should be created in such a way that it would be easy to change the device under test without any major changes in the testbench.To solve the problem that the testbench had to be able to verify different devices we had to create a general enviroment for how the testbench had to be composed. By doing an analysis of which com-ponents that are usually included in a testbench and which components that were necessary in our project we came up with a generall enviroment for the testbench. Our result was a testbench with the follwing basic functions:* Read from a file that contains read and write operations to the Device Under Test (DUT).* Apply the stimulus to the device* Read the results from the device* Compare the results with wanted values* Generate a log file which contains information about the Simulation result..

Syftet med detta examensarbete har främst varit att förbättra inomhusklimatet i byggnaden Greenhouse, tillhörande företaget IVT Värmepumpar i Tranås. De anställda upplever problem med värme i byggnadens utbildningslokaler främst under sommarhalvåret. Tid har även lagts på att ta fram åtgärder som sänker byggnadens energianvändning i form av el och värme.Då examensarbetet utfördes under hösten användes ett simuleringsprogram för att få en bild av inomhusklimatet under sommarhalvåret. En modell av byggnaden byggdes upp i Simulationsprogrammet, komplett med ventilations- och värmesystem.För att validera modellen som konstruerats utfördes flertalet mätningar under en veckas tid. Simuleringsmodellen kalibrerades sedan mot dessa mätningar för att efterlikna de verkliga förhållandena i så stor mån som möjligt.

Modeling and Simulation is growing ever more important in the development of new products. This thesis describes the use of Hopsan for hydraulic modeling and its use in conjunction with Simulink with the intent of using the model in a hardware-in-the-loop setup. A sensor layer has been created in Simulink to emulate all the internal sensors in a modern forklift. The details of using legacy C-code instead of a hardware MCU for a fully simulated environment, software-in-the-loop has been outlined. There are two major routes one can follow implementing software-in-the-loop, exporting the C-functions to CAPL via a export layer or creating an s-function in Simulink.

I denna rapport presenteras hur en simulatorlösning för funktionstestning av en gruvmaskin har tagits fram. Arbetet har skett i Atlas Copcos regi och består av tre delar: kartläggning i form av intervjuer, utvärdering av befintliga simulatoralternativ och slutligen val och implementation av lösning. Resultatet visar på en konceptuell prototyp, där en gruvmaskin visualiseras i en 3D-miljö tillsammans med en virtuell gruvgång. Detta möjliggör bland annat testning av autonom navigering, alltså att en gruvmaskin självständigt styr utifrån avläsning av tunnelväggar med hjälp av laser. Samtidigt tillåter lösningen också att kontrollvärden från olika sensorer, såsom vinkelgivare, kan hämtas ut ur simuleringen..

Bakgrund: Om VaR kan estimeras väl med hjälp av ES-metodik, kan man få bukt med VaR-måttets brist på sudadditivitet (vilken innebär dels praktiska problem vid utformning av finansiella organisationers limitstrukturer, dels teoretiska problem i enlighet med Artzner et al (1997, 1999)) samtidigt som man uppfyller det formella kravet på att rapportera sitt VaR på 99 %:snivån. Syfte: Att undersöka hur väl ES ? estimerat på olika konfidensnivåer och med olika metoder ? duger till att skatta en banks 99 %:s-VaR. Metod: Två ES-metoders och sex VaR-metoders förmåga ? både avseende frekvens (Kupiec-test) och oberoende (eget längsta-följd-test) ? att skatta 99 %:s-VaR utvärderas och jämförs.

In industry applications, such as power supply plants, the issue of interaction between fluid and structure is always presented. More precisely, the fluid flow affects the structure by applying force(s) on it and vice versa. As a result, the structure can move (vibrate) or deform. A good understanding of this problem can help to design the system in term of safety, stability and efficiency.This project aims to optimize and test the Unicorn FSI solver from the FEniCS project [1] to simulate the interaction of fluid and structure in an experiment, which was carried out at Vattenfall Research and Development. The target is to improve the Unicorn FSI solver to cope with a real industrial problem.

Heat, clock scew and frequency optimization are some of the problems a semiconductor designer must face. By splitting a synchrounous block into multiple pieces which comunicates asynchronously with eachother and provide them with independent clocks, these problems may be reduced. GALS (Global Asynchronous Local Synchronous) is a wrapper that wraps a synchronous block and provides it with a clock. Multiple GALS-elements will make the whole system. The clockfrequency may be independently adjusted between each block.

This master thesis is one part of a project, called ?StabSim?, with the purpose to develop a Simulation model for the align and stabilisation system in main battle tank 122. The origin of this project is that it should be possible to make control analysis without risking any hardware. Besides that it will be easy to change components in order to investigate the behaviour of the system. The report includes modelling of tower and weapon mechanics and also the modelling of the synchronous motors, which control these.

Hawk Turbine AB tillverkar mindre jetmotorer som ofta används i små obemannade och radiostyrda flygplan. I flygplansmodellen Lockheed T-33 Shooting Star är motorn monterad inuti planet varför luften måste ledas ut till atmosfären. För bästa möjliga prestanda måste ejektorn och utblåsröret som leder luften dimensioneras efter motor och flyghastighet.En 3-dimensionell CAD modell av flygplanets installation skapades och därefter simulerats i en virtuell vindtunnel med hjälp av datorprogrammet SolidWorks Flow Simulation. Flera olika utblåsrör i varierande storlekar samt olika former har testats för att avgöra om ändringar kan förbättra prestandan ytterligare.Simulationsresultat visar att det går att förbättra nuvarande konfiguration med 5,99 % om diametern på utblåsröret minskas från 75 mm till 70 mm med en bibehållen form på utblåsröret..

This report evaluates whether normal approximation or resampling is to prefer for estimating the distribution of the sample mean and functions of the sample mean. The evaluation relies on Simulation studies. The observations of the sample are allowed to be differently distributed. In the case of sample means they are also allowed to be dependent.For sample means the two approximations behaves very similar. The most important component whether we have a good or a bad approximation is how good the approximations catch the variance of the true distribution.

This thesis is made on behalf of SCA's Forestry Division and is a comparison of two bucking Simulation tools: Aptan (manufactured by Skogforsk) and Best/upr (from Berget Systemdesign). The data is based on 32 stands from SCA's forests in Norrbotten and Västerbotten. The objective is to compare the Simulations created by the tools with the harvested volumes from those stands. Three variables are needed for the bucking Simulation; these are the diameter distribution (at breast height), the relationship function between diameter and height, and the taper coefficients. The volumes of five different assortments from the stands are compared.