Soapnuts have been used as a cleaning detergent and medicine since ancient times in different parts of Asia. Today soapnuts are sold as an environmentally friendly alternative to common washing detergents. The aim of this literary study is to give an answer to what it is in the soapnuts that makes them work as a washing detergent. The active component belongs to a group of components called saponins which are secondary metabolites with the purpose to protect the tree from pathogen attacks. Saponins are widely spread in the vegetable kingdom and some of the families and species are so rich in saponins that their names are influenced by this, for example Sapnindaceae and Sapindus which are mentioned in the beginning of this literary study.

The aim with this study is to investigate the market reactions to announcements of special dividends and redemptions in Sweden and thus if these announcements can signal information. This study is an event study, where the event is the day of the announcement of a suggestion regarding issuance of special dividends or redemptions. The abnormal returns were estimated for two samples with the market adjusted returns model, one including special dividend announcing firms and the other redemption announcing firms. The signalling hypothesis and the hypothesis of a tax induced clientele effect are the most important hypotheses for this study. The efficient market hypothesis is another theoretical base that may explain the market reactions to the studied announcements, especially the pre-announcement activities that may occur.

The content of the following report is the summarized result of three students thesis at Blekinge Institute of Technology in co-operation with Water Jet Sweden AB. This report will give the reader a description of principles how to measure the abrasive mass flow in a waterjet cutting system. The work began with a visit to Water Jet Sweden AB to get a closer look at the problem. When the analysis of the problem was done the criteria were defined in the form of demands and desires. The main task of the criteria was to guide the search for the solution. The work proceeded with an extensive search for abrasive flow meters along with obtaining information about flow measurement in general. When the search for abrasive flow meters resulted in nothing all the efforts were concentrated on finding a principle of measurement that could cope with the criteria.

In Sweden you will find the coot chiefly in the southern parts. The species winters in the southern part of the Baltic Sea and along the coasts of northern Europe. The number of coots is heavily decreased by harsh winters. The population of the coots in Sweden is estimated to 20 000 to 30 000 pairs. The region of Dalarna is the random zone for the breeding of coots in Sweden .

The aim of this research is to find out what environmental impact a wave power park has on the Swedish west coast by creating a consultation paper (?Samrådsunderlag?) for the Lysekilproject at Uppsala University. To highlight the complexity of the problem a system analytic approach was used and illustrated by a Causal Loop Diagram.The overall assessment of the Lysekilprojects wave power park at the Swedish west coast is that it will have a low impact on the environment. This is due to the relative small size of the wave power park and some technical solutions made with the environmental aspect in mind. Artificial reefs and a sanctuary for marine species are effects created by the wave power park and in the longer term the impact will give access to an untapped source of renewable energy, wave energy.

Följande rapport redogör för det utvecklingsarbete som hade som målbild att kombinera två produkter från X-ponent Stålinredningar AB, nämligen ordning-och-reda-systemet ToolTracker och ett verktygsskåp benämnt X-102.Detta utvecklingsarbete pågick under kursen KPP305, Examensarbete Produktutveckling, på Mälardalens högskola.Uppdragsgivaren X-ponent Stålinredningar AB hade under en tid utvecklat det intelligent ordning-och-reda-system, ToolTracker, och genom en efterfrågan på marknaden har företaget känt ett behov av att vidareutveckla detta system och placera detta i ett verktygsskåp.Denna produkt skulle fungera så att användaren loggar in i systemet via en RFID-läsare placerad på utsidan av skåpet, och samtidigt som en godkänd inloggning sker så låses skåpet upp automatiskt och användaren får tillgång till de verktyg som finns i skåpet. Väljer användaren att checka ut ett verktyg registreras tidpunkt för detta samt vem som tagit verktyget i systemets databas för att möjliggöra spårning av verktyget.De direktiv som företaget gav för projektet var att det befintliga ToolTracker-systemet skulle verka på samma sätt som tidigare, vilket gav avgränsningar mot att påverka ToolTracker-systemet.De problem som skulle lösas var således hur ToolTracker-systemets komponenter skulle placeras i skåpets utrymme, samt hur låskonstruktionen skulle utformas för att uppfylla de krav som ställts. De viktigaste funktioner som låskonstruktionen var tvungen att inneha, var att kunna låsa upp skåpet automatiskt vid inloggning, skåpet ska låsas automatiskt då dörren stängs samt att låset skulle kunna låsas upp manuellt. Dessa krav samt ytterligare en mängd krav kunde formuleras i den kravspecifikation som togs fram och låg som grund för arbetet. Ett genomgående viktigt krav i hela arbetet var att förändra det ursprungliga skåpet så lite som möjligt.När kraven tydliggjorts kunde en mängd idéer tas fram och utvecklas vidare till fullgoda koncept.

Almost for as long as there has been breeding on bovine species, there has been a wish to have a higher proportion of offspring of either one or the other gender. In dairy cattle, heifers are more valuable, while in beef stock bulls are preferred. Semen is sorted based on the difference in DNA content between the X- and Y-chromosome in the genome of the sperm. X-chromosomes contain on average between 3,70 to 4,22% more genetic material than the Y-chromosome. Commercially it is the method of flow cytometry that is being used, which is always under improvement.

This master?s thesis deals with integrating simulations using Agilents Electronic Design Automation tool ADS with customized Matlab scripts, for solving complex analog and digital radio architectures. In particular, it addresses predistortion, realized in the digital domain, of power amplifiers, modeled in the analog domain. The former is implemented in Matlab while the latter is implemented in ADS. Two versions of integrating the two systems have been tested: 1) Iterative approach on sample basis and 2) Scheduled batch solution by matrix inversion.

This master thesis was conducted in order to investigate the effects of the browsing species Yeheb on animal tissues in Swedish landrace goats and to make a literature review in order to increase the knowledge of the importance of this plant for livestock production in Somalia. The evergreen Yeheb bush is a very important feeding source for grazing and browsing animals in Somalia during the dry period. Yeheb contains cordeauxiaquinone that stains the bones of the animals red/pink, which has been an increasing problem when exporting meat to foreign countries. In an experiment, two goats were fed dry and fresh leaves from the Yeheb bush for one and two months, respectively. The goats did not feed the intended amount of dry leaves, since the supply and palatability was not as high as estimated.

This master thesis was conducted in order to investigate the effects of the browsing species Yeheb on animal tissues in Swedish landrace goats and to make a literature review in order to increase the knowledge of the importance of this plant for livestock production in Somalia. The evergreen Yeheb bush is a very important feeding source for grazing and browsing animals in Somalia during the dry period. Yeheb contains cordeauxiaquinone that stains the bones of the animals red/pink, which has been an increasing problem when exporting meat to foreign countries. In an experiment, two goats were fed dry and fresh leaves from the Yeheb bush for one and two months, respectively. The goats did not feed the intended amount of dry leaves, since the supply and palatability was not as high as estimated.

Den 1 januari 1999 bildade elva länder (Belgien, Finland, Frankrike, Italien, Irland, Luxemburg, Nederländerna, Portugal, Spanien, Tyskland och Österrike) en europeisk valutaunion, det som också kallas euroområdet. Grekland anslöt sig, som en tolfte och ny deltagare, i januari 2001. Även om Sverige, Danmark och Storbritannien inte deltar från start har det varit klart att EMU kommer få konsekvenser för olika sektorer.Frågorna som behandlats i detta arbete är följande:Har EMU haft en effekt på de finansiella marknaderna i de länder som är med i valutaunionen?Har Sveriges, Storbritanniens och Danmarks finansiella marknader förändrats på samma sätt som i de länder som är med i EMU, fast dessa länder står utanför?Syftet med detta arbete är att analysera de finansiella marknaderna, genom beräkningar av vissa kända finansiella variabler, i de länder som deltar i valutaunionen och tre länder som står utanför (Sverige, Danmark och Storbritannien). Detta för att se om de finansiella marknaderna har påverkats av EMU och hur de har påverkats i och med inträdet.De variabler som behandlats är; ?-värdet, för att se om länderna går mot en gemensam marknadsrisk.

I mitt arbete studerar jag H&M:s språkbruk i information kring hållbart mode. Jag har avgränsat mig till texten På väg mot hållbar bomull, en informationstext på H&M:s externa webbplats www.hm.com. Syftet med min studie är att visa hur man med en anpassad form av Klarspråk, tillsammans med en tydlig koppling mellan ord och handling i text, kan öka förutsättningarna för större kunskap och vägledning till hållbart mode.I min studie använder jag mig av två metoder, en textanalys och en semistrukturerad fokusgrupp. Syftet är att undersöka hur läslig, läsbar och läsvärd H&M:s text är för målgruppen unga människor och att få dem att berätta om deras syn på konsumtion i allmänhet och hållbart mode i synnerhet, samt hur de tänker kring hur man kan underlätta till en mer hållbar modekonsumtion.Utifrån min empiri och mitt teoretiska ramverk har jag tagit fram en ny text, skriven med en för målgruppen unga människor anpassad form av Klarspråk. Den nya texten utgår från två utvalda textstycken i den analyserade texten På väg mot hållbart mode och är för målgruppen därefter anpassad så att läslighet, läsbarhet och läsvärdet har ökat.

This masters thesis concerns a modeling project performed at Volvo Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. The main purpose of the project has been to develop a physical model of the climate in construction vehicles that later on can be used in the development of an electronic climate controller. The focus of the work has been on one type of wheel loader and one type of excavator. The temperature inside the compartment has been set equal to the notion climate. With physical theories about air flow and heat transfer in respect, relations between the components in the climate unit and the compartment has been calculated.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to be used for the diagnosis and study of osteoarthrosis in the equine tarsal region. In the development of new diagnostic MRI techniques cadaver specimens are often used. To allow the use of cadaver legs for these types of studies it is important to know the effect of time after death on the MRI image. Since the relaxation times are temperature dependent, it is interesting to examine whether the time after death and the temperature of the cadaver may play a role in the image appearance and quality. The radio pulse sequences that show the different types of tissues are also important to know when pathological evaluation with MRI is used.

The purpose of this study was to investigate produced laser data from the new national height model's airborne laser scanning in Sweden, what quality it has and whether it can be used for forest management planning. From airborne laser scanning one can obtain information on forest variables such as tree species, height, diameter and basal area. Norra skogsägarna is the principal employer of this project and they wanted know to the quality of the laser data which needs to cope with their standards. If the laser data the quality required it can replace some of the operations performed by field planners. To examine the quality of the produced laser data a control tax assessment has been performed in 30 forest departments. This was done in an objective manner.