This Masters thesis work describes a comparison between two different methods for estimation of the down channel (base station to mobile subscriber) in Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). The first estimation method, Optimal Feed-forward Channel Estimation (OFCE), is a conventional method that bases the estimates on data that is known to both sender and receiver, so called pilots. The second method, Decision Directed Channel Estimation (DDCE), is an elaboration of OFCE. It also uses user data for estimation. Simulations show that DDCE, in comparison to OFCE, does not attain an improvement in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for high bit error rates (BER). An improvement is only seen when the BER becomes much lower than what is common in real situations. In conclusion DDCE is complicated, involves many mathematical operations and gives insignificant improvement of SNR when BER takes common values. It is legitimate to question if it is possible to use the method in a real mobile phone system..

VEP, visual evoked potential is an electrophysiologic test that can be used for evaluating the higher visual pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate if it is possible to adapt this method to horses. This method could have a clinical use in addition to the existing diagnostic methods that are available to evaluate vision in horses. Firstly, this study contains a summary of relevant studies done on animals and, secondly, an experimental part where the possibility of recording VEP in nonsedated and sedated horses is investigated and where to position the recording electrode to obtain the best results. Our results show that it is possible to record VEP in horses in a clinical setting. VEP was best recorded in the sedated horse to avoid movement artifacts and other disturbances.

Reptiles and birds are animals that many people don?t have much experience of, so it can be difficult to do a proper animal protection assessment of these animals. It?s hard to determine if these animals is skinny, fat or in good shape, to do that it demands handling of the animal and not many inspectors that works with animal protection have experience of handling reptiles and birds. To see if a reptile or a bird is ill is difficult, when the bird or reptile looking sick it?s often too late to do something. www.blocket.se is a sell and buy page on the internet there many animals switch owner.

Djuren har ett starkt födosöksbeteende och evolutionärt är detta mycket viktigt för artens och individens överlevnad. För att kunna reproducera sig, växa, försvara sig eller fly krävs att kroppen har tillräckligt med energi och djuret måste därmed söka föda. Aptit och födosök regleras av många mekanismer i kroppen. De främsta aptitreglerande signalsubstanserna som frisätts perifert i kroppen och som styr om ett djur är hungrigt eller mätt, är ghrelin och leptin. Adiponektin är en substans som styr insulinkänsligheten i kroppen och därmed hur väl glukos kan tas in i cellerna och omvandlas till energi.

This study investigates the role of yeast in green crop and its impact on the aerobic stability of silage. Fresh crop was collected from 15 farms in southern and middle parts of Sweden during the summer 2014; samples from the primary harvest was collected from eight farms and samples from the first regrowth harvest was collected from seven farms. The grass was ensiled in 1.7 l glass silos. After three months of ensiling, silos were opened and silages were stored aerobically for 10 days. Samples from both harvests were ensiled in completely airtight silos, but samples from the second harvest were also ensiled in slightly ventilated silos. Chemical analyses and yeast counts were performed for fresh crop and silage.

The purpose of this paper is to see which ethical content arguments have in the debate about wolfhunting, particularly with regard to the Svensk Jakt respective Tidningen Djurens Rätt's arguments. The method used in this paper is the analysis of arguments in which I investigate the pro and contra arguments of the four authors of the articles that I have chosen to study. I will avail myself of theories from Carruthers and Franklin. Analysis shows that the authors of the Swedish hunting above all have a ecocentric view of the wolf where it is an instrumental value for the ecosystem, and the authors of Djurens Rätt's has especially a biocentric view of the wolf where it may be an absolute value, but they can also extend to the that the wolf has instrumental value in the ecocentric perspective. The discussion has shown that Djurens Rätt's and Svensk Jakt has a common position that is an ecocentric perspective where the wolf has instrumental value, even though they believe that different actions are different law to protect the species and the ecosystem..

Since several lifestyle diseases are associated with obesity much research is carried out within the area. Researchers have found that oxidation of fatty acids within the body?s cells may give rise to peripheral signals which regulate food intake, but it is still unclear where such a mechanism takes place. Although much evidence suggests that it is the hepatocytes in the liver that send signals regulating food intake, some researchers have begun to question this theory. Instead they argue that the mechanism takes place within the enterocytes since they are well localised in the gut for such assignment.

The aim of this study was to develop a load prognosis model for Uppsala district heating system to be used as a tool for heat production optimization. The methodwas to build three models for the different customer types; housing, industry andoffices and then scale them for the total system using data from Uppsala districtheating system. The heat load consists of two parts, one that is temperaturedependent and one that is dependent of the social behavior of the customers. Thetemperature part was modelled with an ARX model using an outdoor temperatureprognosis as input signal. The social behavior part was modelled using the mean ofthe social behavior from some days before and additionally by distinguishing betweenweekdays and weekends.

Uppsatsen undersöker några svenska populärvetenskapliga framställningar av Darwins idéer under halvseklet efter publiceringen av On the origin of species. De publikationer som studeras mest ingående är Ny illustrerad tidning och Verdandis småskrifter. Med hjälp av Ludwik Flecks vetenskapssociologiska tankar, jämte ett antal andra perspektiv på polulärvetenskapens form och funktion, resonerar jag om populariseringarnas folkbildande och stundtals politiska syften och sätt att presentera en omstridd teori som ovedersägligen sann. Uppsatsen innehåller också en översikt över populärvetenskapens historia i Europa och Sverige..

Artikeln undersöker företags möjligheter att skapa ägarvärde genom olika typer av reklam riktad motinvesterare. Detta är en teoretisk möjlighet givet antagandet att investeringsbeslut präglas av enbegränsad rationalitet, där företag genom reklam kan skapa kännedom om och skapa positiva attitydergentemot företaget och dess aktie. För att empiriskt testa denna teori analyseras data från 183 börsnoterade företagi Sverige. Analysen visar dock att det inte finns några tydliga positiva samband mellan företags utgifter för reklamoch aktiens värdering. Datamaterialet antyder att reklamen har en mer positiv effekt för mindre företag än förstörre företag, men ingen statistiskt säkerställd slutsats kan dras om detta.

Tidigare studier har beskrivit en stark koppling mellan aritmetik och algebra och flera av de svårigheter som elever har med algebra antas därför grunda sig i svårigheter i aritmetiken. En sådan svårighet är parenteser och forskning har funnit att elever har en statisk syn på dessa då de endast ser den som en signal på vad som ska beräknas först i ett tal.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och beskriva vilka uppfattningar elever i årskurs 8 har då det gäller parentesen som matematisk symbol såväl som parentesens funktion. De frågeställningar som studien avsåg att besvara var hur elever uppfattar parentessymbolen i matematik, hur elever uppfattar att beräkningar kan struktureras med parenteser och hur elever uppfattar situationer där parenteser är nödvändiga.Ett individuellt skriftligt arbetsblad innehållande både uppgifter med och utan svarsalternativ användes som utgångspunkt för analys och detta delades ut till 84 elever i fem olika klasser i årskurs 8. Efter analysen framkom tre kategorisystem kopplade till var sin frågeställning, i vilka elevernas skilda uppfattningar representeras. Resultaten av denna studie visade att elevers uppfattningar och användande av parenteser påverkas av såväl deras förståelse för parentesbegreppet samt deras förståelse för prioriteringsregler..

This bachelor-level thesis in historical osteology deals with several aspects of the life-cycle of an RomanIron Age farm in southern Scania. Excavated in the 1980's by Lars Larsson, the farm was located near aplace called Långåker in the Dybäck area, on a cape which stretched out into a minor bog. Our work concerns why the Iron Age people settled the area, how well fragmented bone survives in a bog, what they produced at the farm and how life on the farm finally ended. From the roughly 10 % of the total number of fragments we where able to identify we can conclude, that he species that are present of the farm areusual Iron Age species (dog, sheep/goat, cattle and swine). We also have a relitivly large number of wildanimals in our material (2%).

The aim of my work was, from the point of view from my respondents and literature, to create a picture of why so many highly educated people born abroad don't have an employment that coincides with their education.The question at issue was: How come highly educated people born abroad don't have an employment that coincides with their education from the native country?In my work, I carried out interviews with six highly educated people born abroad that moved to Sweden in the 1990's. In my results and my conclusion I started with the view of the respondents and the literature, linked together to some theories I have found fruitful for my understanding of the respondents' answers.The theoretical starting point for analysis of my work was the human capital theory, the theory of growth, the signal and filter theory and Habermas' theory.The result of my studies show that there are several factors that causes many highly educated people born abroad to have difficulties in getting an employment that coincides with their education. Such factors are weaknesses in the language, the lack of networks within one's profession and the fact that it takes a long time to complement the education..

Artikeln undersöker företags möjligheter att skapa ägarvärde genom olika typer av reklam riktad motinvesterare. Detta är en teoretisk möjlighet givet antagandet att investeringsbeslut präglas av enbegränsad rationalitet, där företag genom reklam kan skapa kännedom om och skapa positiva attitydergentemot företaget och dess aktie. För att empiriskt testa denna teori analyseras data från 183 börsnoterade företagi Sverige. Analysen visar dock att det inte finns några tydliga positiva samband mellan företags utgifter för reklamoch aktiens värdering. Datamaterialet antyder att reklamen har en mer positiv effekt för mindre företag än förstörre företag, men ingen statistiskt säkerställd slutsats kan dras om detta.

Through wing pattern, posture and movement, a harmless moth of the family Brenthia imitates an eight-eyed jumping spider. When an octopus of the species Thaumoctopus mimicus sense danger it can alter its appearance to that of a venomous sea snake. They are both drawing attention to themselves. Nevertheless, and because of this, they are protected. The mechanism is called mimicry.