In this Master's thesis, a direct-conversion receiver front-end has been designed in a 0.18um CMOS technology. Direct-conversion receivers (DCR) have obvious advantages over the heterodyne counterpart. Since the intermediate frequency (IF) is zero, the problem of image is circumvented. As a result, no front-end image reject filter is required and the channel selection requires only a low-pass filter, which makes it easy to integrate directly on chip. However, the DCR also suffers from several drawbacks such as extreme sensitivity to DC offsets, 1/f noise, local oscillator (LO) leakage/radiation, front-end nonlinearity and I/Q mismatch.

This thesis examines the European Union's sanctions policy regarding human rights and interdependence. Previous research has discussed whether sanctions are effective or result in desirable outcomes. This paper aims to take a step back and understand motives by analyzing consistency in the EU?s decisions to impose sanctions. The question is relevant because formal justification can be used to cloak actual motives, and by examining actual decisions, the analyses shed light on motives.

This Masters thesis work describes a comparison between two different methods for estimation of the down channel (base station to mobile subscriber) in Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). The first estimation method, Optimal Feed-forward Channel Estimation (OFCE), is a conventional method that bases the estimates on data that is known to both sender and receiver, so called pilots. The second method, Decision Directed Channel Estimation (DDCE), is an elaboration of OFCE. It also uses user data for estimation. Simulations show that DDCE, in comparison to OFCE, does not attain an improvement in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for high bit error rates (BER). An improvement is only seen when the BER becomes much lower than what is common in real situations. In conclusion DDCE is complicated, involves many mathematical operations and gives insignificant improvement of SNR when BER takes common values. It is legitimate to question if it is possible to use the method in a real mobile phone system..

The aim of this essay is to contribute to a better understanding of the prehistoric site Flyhov in the province of V?sterg?tland, Sweden and its immediate surroundings from an archaeological perspective. The site contains material artistic and ritual expressions from different prehistoric periods, and its long use-history (from the Stone Age until today) shows that the site, and its remains, has attracted the interest from people in prehistory, in modern times, as well as today. With a point of departure in perspectives derived from hermeneutics and phenomenology the essay examines the site?s prehistoric remains, the use of, and the interest directed towards, the site and its remains during different time- and use-horizons and how these horizons have been affected and intertwined with each other, in a manner where earlier material expressions have affected people and their new expressions.

VEP, visual evoked potential is an electrophysiologic test that can be used for evaluating the higher visual pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate if it is possible to adapt this method to horses. This method could have a clinical use in addition to the existing diagnostic methods that are available to evaluate vision in horses. Firstly, this study contains a summary of relevant studies done on animals and, secondly, an experimental part where the possibility of recording VEP in nonsedated and sedated horses is investigated and where to position the recording electrode to obtain the best results. Our results show that it is possible to record VEP in horses in a clinical setting. VEP was best recorded in the sedated horse to avoid movement artifacts and other disturbances.

Djuren har ett starkt födosöksbeteende och evolutionärt är detta mycket viktigt för artens och individens överlevnad. För att kunna reproducera sig, växa, försvara sig eller fly krävs att kroppen har tillräckligt med energi och djuret måste därmed söka föda. Aptit och födosök regleras av många mekanismer i kroppen. De främsta aptitreglerande signalsubstanserna som frisätts perifert i kroppen och som styr om ett djur är hungrigt eller mätt, är ghrelin och leptin. Adiponektin är en substans som styr insulinkänsligheten i kroppen och därmed hur väl glukos kan tas in i cellerna och omvandlas till energi.

Since several lifestyle diseases are associated with obesity much research is carried out within the area. Researchers have found that oxidation of fatty acids within the body?s cells may give rise to peripheral signals which regulate food intake, but it is still unclear where such a mechanism takes place. Although much evidence suggests that it is the hepatocytes in the liver that send signals regulating food intake, some researchers have begun to question this theory. Instead they argue that the mechanism takes place within the enterocytes since they are well localised in the gut for such assignment.

The aim of this study was to develop a load prognosis model for Uppsala district heating system to be used as a tool for heat production optimization. The methodwas to build three models for the different customer types; housing, industry andoffices and then scale them for the total system using data from Uppsala districtheating system. The heat load consists of two parts, one that is temperaturedependent and one that is dependent of the social behavior of the customers. Thetemperature part was modelled with an ARX model using an outdoor temperatureprognosis as input signal. The social behavior part was modelled using the mean ofthe social behavior from some days before and additionally by distinguishing betweenweekdays and weekends.

This study explores the effects of two different post-treatment methods on stain reduction in glazed creamware from the late 20th century. The objects stains have been characterized by type one and type two stains which is the result of prolonged contact with food residues, were subjected to the same initial stain reduction. The two post-treatment methods examined are soaking the objects in deionized water and surface rinsing with deionized water. The comparative analysis included photographs under normal and UV-light exposure to assess stain visibility, weight measurements before and after treatments to monitor the absorption and evaporation of liquids, and observations throughout the experiment. The results revealed that while type two stains showed significant alterations after treatments, specifically after soaking, type one stains remained unaffected by both methods.

TV-apparater och kringutrustningar a?r numera ofta Internetanslutna och har inbyggda webbla?sare som fungerar som en plattform fo?r HTML5- applikationer med JavaScript, vilket har lett till att utbudet av applikat- ioner som finns tillga?ngliga pa? dessa plattformar o?kat explosivt de senaste a?ren. Tyva?rr lider dock ma?nga av da?lig prestanda med avseende pa? datao?- verfo?ring och anva?ndargra?nssnittet upplevs ofta som segt eftersom ha?rd- varan inte kan ma?ta sig med en modern dator. Det ha?r examensarbetet underso?ker vad som kan optimeras pa? na?rverkssidan.

Artikeln undersöker företags möjligheter att skapa ägarvärde genom olika typer av reklam riktad motinvesterare. Detta är en teoretisk möjlighet givet antagandet att investeringsbeslut präglas av enbegränsad rationalitet, där företag genom reklam kan skapa kännedom om och skapa positiva attitydergentemot företaget och dess aktie. För att empiriskt testa denna teori analyseras data från 183 börsnoterade företagi Sverige. Analysen visar dock att det inte finns några tydliga positiva samband mellan företags utgifter för reklamoch aktiens värdering. Datamaterialet antyder att reklamen har en mer positiv effekt för mindre företag än förstörre företag, men ingen statistiskt säkerställd slutsats kan dras om detta.

Tidigare studier har beskrivit en stark koppling mellan aritmetik och algebra och flera av de svårigheter som elever har med algebra antas därför grunda sig i svårigheter i aritmetiken. En sådan svårighet är parenteser och forskning har funnit att elever har en statisk syn på dessa då de endast ser den som en signal på vad som ska beräknas först i ett tal.Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka och beskriva vilka uppfattningar elever i årskurs 8 har då det gäller parentesen som matematisk symbol såväl som parentesens funktion. De frågeställningar som studien avsåg att besvara var hur elever uppfattar parentessymbolen i matematik, hur elever uppfattar att beräkningar kan struktureras med parenteser och hur elever uppfattar situationer där parenteser är nödvändiga.Ett individuellt skriftligt arbetsblad innehållande både uppgifter med och utan svarsalternativ användes som utgångspunkt för analys och detta delades ut till 84 elever i fem olika klasser i årskurs 8. Efter analysen framkom tre kategorisystem kopplade till var sin frågeställning, i vilka elevernas skilda uppfattningar representeras. Resultaten av denna studie visade att elevers uppfattningar och användande av parenteser påverkas av såväl deras förståelse för parentesbegreppet samt deras förståelse för prioriteringsregler..

I denna rapport beskrivs en utvecklad utbildningssimulator o?ver spa?rfordon och dess del- komponenter pa? ja?rnva?gen. Simulatorn a?r en ha?rdvarubaserad prototyp o?ver ett do?rrsystem pa? spa?rfordon. Prototypen ska anva?ndas av systemspecialister och tekniker inom ja?rnva?gs- branschen.

The aim of my work was, from the point of view from my respondents and literature, to create a picture of why so many highly educated people born abroad don't have an employment that coincides with their education.The question at issue was: How come highly educated people born abroad don't have an employment that coincides with their education from the native country?In my work, I carried out interviews with six highly educated people born abroad that moved to Sweden in the 1990's. In my results and my conclusion I started with the view of the respondents and the literature, linked together to some theories I have found fruitful for my understanding of the respondents' answers.The theoretical starting point for analysis of my work was the human capital theory, the theory of growth, the signal and filter theory and Habermas' theory.The result of my studies show that there are several factors that causes many highly educated people born abroad to have difficulties in getting an employment that coincides with their education. Such factors are weaknesses in the language, the lack of networks within one's profession and the fact that it takes a long time to complement the education..

Artikeln undersöker företags möjligheter att skapa ägarvärde genom olika typer av reklam riktad motinvesterare. Detta är en teoretisk möjlighet givet antagandet att investeringsbeslut präglas av enbegränsad rationalitet, där företag genom reklam kan skapa kännedom om och skapa positiva attitydergentemot företaget och dess aktie. För att empiriskt testa denna teori analyseras data från 183 börsnoterade företagi Sverige. Analysen visar dock att det inte finns några tydliga positiva samband mellan företags utgifter för reklamoch aktiens värdering. Datamaterialet antyder att reklamen har en mer positiv effekt för mindre företag än förstörre företag, men ingen statistiskt säkerställd slutsats kan dras om detta.