Many studies have shown that unethical acting can affect the share price of the company negatively. However, this is not always the case. The aim of this thesis is therefore to examine what it is that can cause the share price to be affected negatively by unethical acting exposed in media. This qualitative study is primarily based on interviews with institutional investors, but also with economic journalists and investor relations managers. Our conclusion is that there are three main reasons why the share price can be affected by unethical acting, namely economic consequences, the management's behaviour and psychological factors.

EU law is superior to Swedish domestic law, and it is on Sweden's responsibility to implement the COJ judgments so that it becomes compatible with EU law. The advantage of the Union being superior is the internal market given the member states.However, problems arise when the Swedish legislature goes further in its interpretation of EU law. Restrictions can be imposed but it must be considered to be strongly motivated so the restriction outweighs the need to maintain the freedoms granted by EU law. In Cadbury Schweppes, the court states that restrictions on freedom of establishment may be done to counter artificial arrangements whose sole purpose is to evade the national tax. Its further stated that an artificial arrangement does not exist in those cases there is a real business, even through the establishment in the low-taxing country is economically justified. The Swedish CFC rules states that the general rule is that if an establishment in a country within the EEA, which have lower corporate tax than 55% of the Swedish tax, the shareholder of this company is taxed on its current share in Sweden. The outcome of Cadbury Schweppes has not been made into a general rule, it became the exception. In addition to that in Sweden it is presumed that the company is an artificial arrangement that expressly are prohibited by the EUD, as well been implemented to supplement the rule, where the Swedish legislature changes the meaning of the term granted by the appeal. The Swedish legislature has amended the original economically motivated establishment, to be commercially motivated. The term is undefined, but applicable elsewhere in the Incometaxlaw and from this one can find that, for an establishment to be considered as commercially motivated the decisions to establish should be taken to promote normal profit-making enterprises based upon commercially motivated decisions..

Corporate Social Responsibility is a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns into their core business and in their interaction with stakeholders on a voluntarily basis. The purpose with our thesis is to study how Swedish insurance companies work with Corporate Social Responsibility and to analyse the underlying strategies of the companies? social, environmental and economical activities. We will analyse where, how and for whom value can be created with CSR. Where does the value creation take place, how can it be created through these activities and who will benefit from Corporate Social Responsibility? Theories point out that companies need to assemble and value the total package of benefits to be able to create successful corporate initiatives.

EU law is superior to Swedish domestic law, and it is on Sweden's responsibility to implement the COJ judgments so that it becomes compatible with EU law. The advantage of the Union being superior is the internal market given the member states.However, problems arise when the Swedish legislature goes further in its interpretation of EU law. Restrictions can be imposed but it must be considered to be strongly motivated so the restriction outweighs the need to maintain the freedoms granted by EU law. In Cadbury Schweppes, the court states that restrictions on freedom of establishment may be done to counter artificial arrangements whose sole purpose is to evade the national tax. Its further stated that an artificial arrangement does not exist in those cases there is a real business, even through the establishment in the low-taxing country is economically justified. The Swedish CFC rules states that the general rule is that if an establishment in a country within the EEA, which have lower corporate tax than 55% of the Swedish tax, the shareholder of this company is taxed on its current share in Sweden. The outcome of Cadbury Schweppes has not been made into a general rule, it became the exception. In addition to that in Sweden it is presumed that the company is an artificial arrangement that expressly are prohibited by the EUD, as well been implemented to supplement the rule, where the Swedish legislature changes the meaning of the term granted by the appeal. The Swedish legislature has amended the original economically motivated establishment, to be commercially motivated. The term is undefined, but applicable elsewhere in the Incometaxlaw and from this one can find that, for an establishment to be considered as commercially motivated the decisions to establish should be taken to promote normal profit-making enterprises based upon commercially motivated decisions..

The aim of this study is to examine the market reaction when information about a company?s foreign direct investment is announced and how that affects the shareholder?s value. Also of interest is whether the market reacts differently depending on which country the investment is established in and which mode of entry is used. This will be achieved by using an event study approach. The selection that was used consisted of 206 companies registered on the Nasdaq OMX Nordic homepage, which had during a time period stretching from 1999 to 2009 established a foreign direct investment in the regions BRIC, Europe or the USA using the mode of organic growth, joint venture or acquisition.

Underso?kningen tog avstamp i att den svenska bostadsmarknaden pa?visar grundla?ggande strukturella problem samtidigt som svenska fastighetsfo?retag uppvisar goda ekonomiska resultat. Fo?r att angripa det o?vergripande problemet genomfo?rdes en fallstudie da?r syftet var att skapa en djupare fo?rsta?else fo?r hur ett framsta?ende fastighetsbolag fo?rha?ller sig till olika intressenter. Underso?kningen avser att besvara fo?ljande fra?gesta?llningar:-  Hur fo?rha?ller sig Fastighetsfo?retaget till olika intressenter pa? bostadsmarknaden?-  Hur kan fo?rha?llningssa?ttet fo?rsta?s utifra?n ett teoretiskt perspektiv? Fo?r att na? fram till ett resultat anva?ndes fyra teorier fo?r att analysera underso?kningens data som ha?rstammar fra?n intervjuer och fo?retagets senaste a?rsredovisning.

Partner in a close company is taxed under special rules for private companies. This is to avoid a fiscal revenue conversion. Partner as having a major influence in the company and take out what is really earned income as dividends and thus be taxed at a significantly lower rate. The purpose of the close company rules is that a partner in labor income is taxed in the same way that an employee?s income.The problem that arises when one partner in a closely held company leave a shareholders contribution to the company which aims to raise the threshold for the shares discussed in this paper.

Det har blivit allt dyrare att bygga i Sverige, den svenska byggnadsindustrin har halkat efter övrig producerande industri och byggföretagen måste börja tänka i nya banor om de ska klara de nya utmaningarna. Lean-tänkande har länge nyttjats inom den tillverkande industrin och byggföretag har på senare år börjat snegla på dessa koncept i syfte att öka sin produktivitet. Problemet är att byggindustrin inte har homogena produktionsmiljöer och därmed inte kan använda samma lean-koncept som exempelvis bilindustrin. Därför har ett nytt koncept som kallas Lean construction utvecklats som bygger på ett antal principer från traditionella produktionssynsätt (Koskela, 2000). Konceptet är relativt nytt och forskningen inom området har främst fokuserat på lösningar på specifika problem istället för att skapa förståelse för konceptets helhet.

This thesis treats the extended Swedish rules regarding deduction limitations on interest. The purpose for this thesis is to investigate whether the interest deduction limitation rules have potential to protect the Swedish tax base. The thesis also assesses whether the options presented how the extended rules could look liked had been better to protect the Swedish tax base. Furthermore thin capitalizations rules have been evaluated if this is a better method to protect the Swedish tax base.In 2009 the Swedish deduction limitations rules on interest came in to force to protect the Swedish tax base. Despite these rules companies was still able to avoid Swedish tax and therefore threatened the Swedish tax base.

This thesis examines why working time preferences differ between workers and nations, and explains the effect of working time regulation and working time flexibility on negotiating work-life balance. In five separate sections the following working time issues are examined: the number of hours worked by workers in Europe; factors affecting individual working time preferences; how working time preferences are negotiated in the national industrial relations systems of Sweden, France and the United Kingdom; how the institutions of the European Union have influenced working time negotiations through the Working Time Directive; and the benefits and practices available to organisations implementing working time flexibility. Broadly this paper views working time preferences as being a highly personal and influenced by factors such as wages, taxation, culture (national and workplace) and non-work responsibilities. It is argued that negotiating a preferred working time pattern is essential to achieving work-life balance and when such a balance is achieved, workers are more healthy, motivated and committed to their employer. Essentially this provides an incentive for businesses to voluntarily implement working time flexibility beyond the regulatory standards..

Titel: Marknadens reaktion på bolagskoden ? Wall street walk eller Wall street talk?Framläggande: 31 maj 2006Ämne: Kandidatuppsats, Redovisning 10 pFörfattare: Björn Arvidsson & Per HultgrenHandledare: Carl-Michael Unger & Erling GreenNyckelord: Corporate governance,Aktieägare,Internkontroll,Svensk kod för bolagsstyrningSyfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på vilken vikt marknaden fäster vid Svensk kod för bolagsstyrning och hur den eventuellt reagerar gentemot bolag, som man inte anser följer koden på ett tillfredsställande sätt.Metod: Kvalitativ metod. Semistrukturerade intervjuer per telefon.Teoretiska perspektiv: Corporate governance med fokus på agentteorin och shareholder activism, Slutsatser: Marknaden fäster endast mindre vikt vid koden, bortsett från att man ser den som en kvalitetsstämpel. Man vill alltså enbart ha reda på om koden följs eller inte samt om förklaringen till eventuell avvikelse är godtagbar. Eventuella konsekvenser av att inte lämna en godtagbar förklaring är betingat av storleken på ägaren.

Due to a rising debate concerning corporate governance that has caused increasing demands for companies? transparency, several codes of conduct have been introduced. The Swedish Code for Corporate Governance is obliged to companies with a turnover exceeding three billions. There are companies that voluntarily apply the Swedish Code. Possible causes to this phenomenon ought to be that the code for corporate governance conveys legitimacy through the insight into the affairs of a company the public receives, through the report of the corporate governance that is published in the annual report and on the home page of the company.

Ett av de vanligaste sätten att bedriva näringsverksamhet i Sverige är genom att bilda ett aktiebolag. De svenska aktiebolagen regleras genom ett omfattande regelverk i aktiebolagslagen. Ägarna i ett privat aktiebolag är inte alltid tillfreds med reglerna i aktiebolagslagen, utan vill reglera vissa förhållanden ytterligare mellan sig. Aktieägarna har möjlighet att genom aktieägaravtal reglera vissa förutsättningar för verksamheten.När aktieägarna väljer att reglera vissa förhållanden mellan sig i ett aktieägaravtal kan det uppstå skillnader mellan vad som gäller enligt aktieägaravtalet och vad som gäller enligt aktiebolagslagen. Det råder en självständighet mellan avtalsrätten och aktiebolagsrätten vilken innebär att aktieägarna inte med bindande verkan kan avtala vissa förhållanden sinsemellan samt att avtalet inte ses som aktiebolagsrättsligt gällande i vissa fall.Uppsatsen har som syfte att utreda de rättsverkningar som ett aktieägaravtal kan ge upphov till i två situationer, det handlar dels om när avtalsparterna är aktieägare, dels när avtalsparterna är styrelseledamöterna.

This thesis treats the extended Swedish rules regarding deduction limitations on interest. The purpose for this thesis is to investigate whether the interest deduction limitation rules have potential to protect the Swedish tax base. The thesis also assesses whether the options presented how the extended rules could look liked had been better to protect the Swedish tax base. Furthermore thin capitalizations rules have been evaluated if this is a better method to protect the Swedish tax base.In 2009 the Swedish deduction limitations rules on interest came in to force to protect the Swedish tax base. Despite these rules companies was still able to avoid Swedish tax and therefore threatened the Swedish tax base.

Bakgrund: Konflikterna mellan ägarnas och företagsledningens intressen har varit ett aktuellt ämne länge och vi befinner oss nu i en ny fas som kännetecknas av en tydlig betoning på att företaget i första hand måste drivas i ägarnas intresse. En effekt av detta är att utformningen av bonusprogram till högsta ledningen i företagen har fått stort utrymme i media och ifrågasatts under en längre tid men dock blivit mer påtaglig i början av 2009. Kritiska röster har höjts om utformningen av bonusprogrammen och vilka prestationer det egentligen är som belönas.Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att beskriva hur bonusprogrammen för verkställande direktörer i företag noterade på Stockholmsbörsen är utformade. Vi kommer även analysera om dessa program har skapat värde för aktieägarna i form av utdelning och aktievärde. Utifrån detta kommer vi lyfta fram de kriterier vi anser är viktigast för att skapa värde vid utformandet av bonusprogram för VD.Genomförande: För att uppfylla studiens syfte genomfördes undersökningen som en kvantitativ studie med hjälp av sekundärdata.