This study aims to explain how teachers for students aged 11-13 years old work with comprehension of words, based on reading fictional texts. The question formulations the study aims to survey is how teachers declare they are working with word-comprehension with basis in fictional texts for bothfirst- and second language learners, and how this shows in their pedagogical practice. The study also aims to survey what the effects are on the students´ learning, according to the teachers, by using this teaching-methods. In an attempt to examine this, interviews have been performed with three teachers working at different schools, teaching Swedish for students in the elementary school. In the interviews the teachers was asked questions in aim to research their methods of teaching wordcomprehension, followed up by two lesson-observations per class of each teachers´ pedagogical practice..

Outside of many Swedish households today, you will find a typical green wastecontainer. This container has not changed since its introduction, despitecomplaints about foul-smelling and its impractical system. Even if the system usedtoday, still is the most optimal choice, there is a lot of newly developedalternatives out there.Its purpose is to get a broader perspective on how a waste management systemcan be developed into a working, land efficiently and aesthetically pleasing systemof humans and the environment in a small residential area.The authors treat the residential area of Jära, Ekhagen, in Jönköping, which ismanaged by JM AB as a problem area in regards to waste management.The issues raised by the authors are the different waste management systems usedin the corresponding areas of the world, how to apply technical andenvironmental as well as the waste management facilities from financial aspects.In the process, the methods used were literature reviews, case studies and aninterview. The case study was done through a modeling of waste managementsystems in the area Jära and an interview was conducted with the company Envacworking with vacuum systems. Studies have been made by different systems n theareas around the world.The results show that using directives and guidance will reduce the environmentalimpact done without replacing the traditional system.

The project was carried out together with OC Off Course who manufactureand distribute mainly electric bikes.In today?s society, alternative sources of transportation becomes more andmore present and several bicycle sharing programs arises in major citiesacross the world every year.Something that doesn?t exist too much as of yet is bike sharing programsthat uses electric bikes. An electric bike is a convenient way oftransportation as well as a good way of avoiding traffic. With an electricbike you avoid having to sweat when biking over hills or when you need totravel over longer distances.The goal of this project is to develop a bike sharing station according tothe functions need to be met.This thesis Is based on Fredy Olsson´s methods principkonstruktion aswell as a couple of concept generating methods from Kenneth Österlin.From this, a number of sketches were made that later was evaluated inseveral steps in conjunction to a set of specifications. A 3D model of theselected concept was later made in CatiaV5 for a complete product..

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrundBröstcancer är den vanligaste cancerformen bland kvinnor och cirka 7000 kvinnor drabbas av sjukdomen varje år i Sverige. Trippeldiagnostik som består av en klinisk undersökning, mammografi och cellprovtagning är en metod som hjälper att tidigt upptäcka cancern. Vanligaste behandlingsformen är kirurgi som omfattar olika typer, till exempel bröstbevarande kirurgi och mastektomi. Diagnosen bröstcancer kan leda till försämrat välbefinnande respektive försämrad fysiskt, emotionell och social funktion som i sin tur kan leda till en traumatisk kris. Kvinnors kroppsuppfattning förändras efter genomgången mastektomi vilket lämnar en påminnelse om sjukdomen i form av ett permanent ärr.

Total protection is often the option chosen when protecting forests with high environmental values. An alternative to total protection is application of management regimes that do not interrupt continuity of tree cover. This study focuses mainly on continuous cover forestry (CCF) in forest stands already protected. All objects are situated in the county of Jämtland in northwest Sweden. The purpose of the study was to attain a greater knowledge about CCF practices.

The thesis is a case study that deals with public space based on how people use them. Public spaces are an important part of our city life and everyday life. Quality public spaces and places are due to its design and use, which are the primary aspects of this study. Hässleholm has been the location for the case study inventory items. Five different methods have been the basis for the study, and through them it has been possible to study what makes a room usable and unusable and what criteria is necessary for people to want to stay in the public rooms.

Since the nineties the words customer, effectiveness and quality have become part of everyday school life. Municipalities? makes regular customer surveys to measure both independent schools as municipal schools ' quality. A common method for customer research and background studies is that parents and students are asked to respond to simple Web-based surveys. Customer satisfaction and/or customer dissatisfaction options are presented in tabular form, based on the percentage that expresses a particular position within a query.

In this essay I present an outline and examination of the Finnish Luther research, withan aim to learn more about some different aspects of Luther?s teaching on justificationas sanctification, and sanctification as the growth of the new man. I will also draw myattention to the formal language of metaphysics, as it is continuously employed by Luther to depict the issues and the content of his reformation theology. Apart from the program of research in Helsinki, I have turned to the writings of Luther himself; and I have as well tried to engage in a broader survey of Luther-scholars, some of which seem to, or in fact, support the Finnish interpretation, others which raise a critical stance towards it. The later portion of the essay picks up on the Finnish critique of dominant 19th and 20th century German Lutheran theologians, such as Albrecht Ritschl and Gerhard Ebeling.

TV-tekniken har gjort stora framsteg under 2000-talet. Digital TV-sändning har möjliggjort sändningar med fler ljudkanaler med högre upplösning. För att öka taltydligheten i TV-sammanhang används just flerkanalsljud då man implementerar en centerhögtalare istället för fantommitt. Denna uppsats undersöker vilka fördelar detta får för just taltydligheten. Ett lyssningstest genomfördes där subjekt dels fick bedöma uppfattbarheten i autentiska TV-reportage och dels fick sin egen förmåga att uppfatta tal satt på prov i ett Tal I Brus-test.

The ability to tackle NP-hard problems has been greatly extended by the introduction of Metaheuristics (see Blum & Roli (2003)) for a summary of most Metaheuristics, general problem-independent optimisation algorithms extending the hill-climbing local search approach to escape local minima. One of these algorithms is Iterated Local Search (ILS) (Lourenco et al., 2002; Stützle, 1999a, p. 25ff), a recent easy to implement but powerful algorithm with results comparable or superior to other state-of-the-art methods for many combinatorial optimisation problems, among them the Traveling Salesman (TSP) and Quadratic Assignment Problem (QAP). ILS iteratively samples local minima by modifying the current local minimum and restartinga local search porcedure on this modified solution. This thesis will show how ILS can be implemented for MSA.

Antologin består av tre bidrag som studerar betydelsen av arbete och arbetslöshet ur olika perspektiv. Två av de tre bidragen inriktar sig på lastbilschaufförer och privatrådgivares upplevelser av deras arbeten. Det tredje bidraget fokuserar på hur det är att vara ung och leva utan arbete, samt vilka konsekvenser det får för individen. I anslutning till våra frågeteman rörande arbete och arbetslöshet har vi genom mindre omfattande fältarbeten och kvalitativa intervjuer samlat in material till studien, som därefter analyserats med hjälp av Grundad teori-metoder. Analysen av materialet har bidragit till att olika teorier kring bland annat livsvillkor, sociala interaktion med andra, samt arbetsrelaterad stress, blivit centrala för antologin.

This essay focuses on the term usability while conducting a user centred system design. Usabilitymeans to what extent a user can use a product to achieve effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction.Development using a user centered system design means that knowledge about the end-users andit?s opinions becomes a crucial part of the development process. The question of this essay is if usinguser centred system design will lead to good usability.We used methods from a user centered system design point of view while developing an applicationfor a Swedish bookstore company called Bokia AB. This included user and task analysis following by aclose relationship between the developers and end-users by using sketches and showing themprototypes of the system while collecting feedback.After concluding our case study we determined that using methods from user centered systemdesign could be used as a great tool to further improve the usability and to improve an applicationssuccess chances..

The purpose of this study is to examine how teachers and pupils experience the use of fictional literature as a tool for language development in the teaching of English as a foreign language. Through surveys and interviews and with Vygotsky?s theory on development in a social environment as a theoretical base, I examine which methods are used to promote language development and also which functions pupils and teachers consider fictional literature to have in the teaching of English. Results show that teachers consider fiction to be among the top methods to get pupils to learn English. Teachers and pupils both favour the use of fun and stimulating reading activities as well as group activities where learning is social to go along with the reading of fiction.

This report describes a comparative study about reading- and writing development in ?A-towns school? in The Gambia and in ?Villaskolan? in Sweden.The purpose of this study is to compare two teachers in Sweden with two teachers and two volunteers from the school in Gambia, with focus on their thoughts and methods on teaching reading and writing at each school and in their social context. The aim is also to observe and describe how classroom environment at both schools can encourage students to read and write.The theoretical base of this study is rooted in a sociocultural perspective but I have also chosen to illuminate behaviorism and cognitivism. The study is qualitative and the main research methods are interviews and observations of the classrooms.My conclusions are, even though considerable differences in approach and conditions, teachers in both schools work hard and show dedication towards their students.Another finding is that teachers use different techniques and working methods to achieve the same goal -to teach their students to read and write based on what is required of them in their cultural and social context. The different ways of teaching have been caused by the existence of different perceived needs based on culture and tradition.One conclusion is also that read and write requirements for students in the Gambia and Sweden are different from each other.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possibility of streamlining the test process by utilizing pair programming. During the process, pair programming has been practiced as is defined by the Extreme programming (XP) software development methodology, with the other aspects of XP discarded. The focus of the testing itself has been toward unit testing. The methods applied has been with an experimental approach where 93 cases were attempted to be solved by either single programmers or pair programmers. What has been investigated in these experiments was the time needed to complete a case, how many test attempts were needed to solve the case, and how high a percentage of the cases were solved.