Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskors och patienters upplevelser av vården vid långvarig icke-malign smärta.Metod: Den föreliggande uppsatsen har gjorts som en litteraturstudie där tolv vetenskapliga artiklar har analyserats.Resultat: Sjuksköterskor upplevde smärtbedömningen som en utmaning och ansåg att när de inte trodde på patientens smärtbeskrivning, var det ett hinder för en bra bedömning. Patienterna upplevde att de ofta blev misstrodda av vårdpersonalen och betonade vikten av att bli trodd. Det var viktigt för patienterna att få en diagnos och att hänsyn togs till deras önskan om vad behandlingen skulle resultera i. Patienterna upplevde att deras mål och vårdpersonalens mål med behandlingen inte alltid stämde överens. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att utbildningen inte förberedde dem för att ta hand om patienter med långvarig smärta och att kunskapen om icke-farmakologiska behandlingsmetoder var bristfällig.

Gruppen äldre kommer att öka i antal och då smärta ökar med ålder kommer fler individer att ha ont. Fler äldre med smärta ställer större krav på hälso- och sjukvården. Studiers visar att sjuksköterskors bild och de äldres upplevelser av smärta inte alltid stämmer överens samt att det finns brister i smärtdokumentation. Syftet med studien var att belysa smärtdokumentation hos en grupp äldre i särskilt boende eller med hemsjukvård. Materialet analyserades med en kvantitativ beskrivande metod och en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

Stickrädsla förekommer bland personer i alla åldrar och kan i vissa fall leda till att den som är stickrädd undviker att uppsöka sjukvård, något som kan påverka personens hälsa. Eftersom blodprovstagningar, injektioner och infusioner utförs varje dag inom sjukvården finns risken att sjuksköterskan förr eller senare träffar på en vuxen person som är stickrädd. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva vilka omvårdnadsåtgärder som kan lindra obehag hos vuxna personer med stickrädsla. Resultatet från vetenskapliga publikationer pekar på att olika lindrande omvårdnadsåtgärder finns att tillgå. Studier visar att bemötandet från vårdpersonalen och psykoterapeutiska metoder kan ha betydelse för personer som är rädda för att bli stuckna.

On the 15th of May 2011 the former leader of the International Monetary Fund, Dominique Strauss-Kahn, was accused of sexually assaulting a maid in a hotel room in New York. Strauss-Kahn was cleared of all charges on the 23rd of August 2011 since it could not be proven that he had forced the maid to have sexual relations with him.The purpose of this study is to examine how the case was framed in two Swedish newspapers, Svenska Dagbladet and Aftonbladet. Svenska Dagbladet is a broadsheet newspaper and Aftonbladet is a tabloid newspaper. The purpose of this study is also to find differences and similarities in the framing of the case in broadsheet newspapers and tabloid newspapers.The study is primarily based on two different theories; the framing theory and the tabloidization theory. The method used is critical discourse analysis based on van Dijks theories and methods.

The aim of this study is to investigate which management control mechanisms evolve in companies that receive funding from Venture Capital companies and why the management control systems evolve in the way that they do. A case study was performed on three Swedish high technology companies, that all received funding from Venture Capital companies for the first time in 2006. Merchant?s framework, defining all management control mechanisms as either, results control, action control or personnel control, was used to structure the study. Results show that the companies that received Venture Capital all increased the use of management control mechanisms within results control, action control and personnel control.

AbstractPurpose/Aim: The aim is to investigate if there are any differences in the reporting from the Olympic games and the Paralympic games, according to different periodicals or magazines, with focus on Paralymics and sports for handicapped. If so, what are those differences?Material/Method: The material consists of two periodicals, or magazines; Svensk idrott which is the official paper for the swedish Riksidrottsförbundet, and Handikappidrott, which is the official paper for the swedish Handikappidrottsförbundet. Articles considering the summer games in 1972 and 1976, 1984, 1996 and 2000 was studied with regard to models developed by Algirdas J. Greimas.

Since 2005 all companies listed on a regulated stock exchange within the European Union are required to present their financial reports in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and International Accounting Standards (IAS). The purposes of these standards are to accomplish international harmonization of accounting rules to make financial reports more comparable. However, recent research has shown that some firms tend to use goodwill strategically in a business combination by manipulating the acquired assets and consciously allocate the intangible assets to goodwill to reduce the depreciation in the income and decrease costs. This phenomenon may reduce the comparability between financial reports and thus has an opposite effect on the purpose of IFRS and IAS.The aim of this study is to show how the companies involved in this study allocate goodwill strategically. Furthermore, the introduction of the new standards has contributed to that goodwill now is a subject for impairment test, therefore we want to show whether this affected the comparability of the companies in this study.An empirical study was conducted, based on interviews with four Swedish managers.

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a virus with capability to cause neurological disease in several species of mammals and of ostriches. Also humans are suspected to be susceptible to the virus, as the viral RNA and antibodies against BDV have been found in some humans with psychiatric diseases, like schizophrenia and depression. In Sweden there is a disease called staggering disease in cats, associated to BDV-infection. This disease often has a fatal progress. Definite diagnosis is reached by histo-pathological and immunohistochemical examination of the central nervous system.

By identifying effects that a buyout-firm has on management control systems in its portfolio companies, the aim of this thesis is to explain how such effects differs between the companies and finally to explain why the effects differs even though the companies are owned by the same buyout-firm. The study is conducted as a qualitative case study based on interviews with representatives from the studied buyout-firm and three of its portfolio companies.By analyzing the empirical findings with frameworks and theories within management control systems and value creation, we cannot only identify effects that are common for all portfolio companies but we can also observe differences between the portfolio companies.The identified effects that are common for all portfolio companies are: increased internal reporting burden, increased perceived risk of getting laid off among managers and co-workers and replacement of the board immediately after acquisition.The effects that are observed only for two portfolio companies are: increased focus on short-term planning, higher financial targets, replacement of company management upon acquisition and moving of decision authorities to higher organizational levels. Differences are observed although the portfolio companies are owned by the same buyout-firm due to: differences in management and co-workers equity stake in the portfolio companies, differences in business complexity and differences in planned exit-horizon..

Background: One in three breastfeeding women sustain a chest complication. Many mothers feel that breastfeeding counselors have been the key to initiate and maintain the breastfeeding.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate mothers? experiences of breastfeeding problems and the advice given from a breastfeeding clinic in a large Swedish city.Method: A qualitative interview study with an inductive approach was made. Ten mothers were interviewed through a semi-structured interview guide. Data were analyzed by using content analysis.Results: Three categories and six sub-categories of mothers' perceptions of breastfeeding pro- blems and the advice they got from the breastfeeding clinic were identified.

Bakgrund: Teorier i omvårdnad har beskrivits av många omvårdnadsforskare. Sjuksköterskeprofessionen är tvärvetenskaplig. Huvudämnet i sjuksköterskeutbildningen är omvårdnad och stödämnen i professionen kan vara biomedicin och folkhälsa. Det akademiska ämnet omvårdnad är professionsneutralt. En vanlig uppfattning bland sjuksköterskor är att jämställa professionen med ämnet.

Background; Gynecological cancer is a common term for cancer in the female genitals and 2013 there were about 2800 women in Sweden that was diagnosed. This form of cancer and the treatment that is used, affects the sexuality and also the fertility of the women.Aim; The purpose with the essay was to illustrate the experience of the sexuality after the treatment of gynecological cancer.Method; The method used in the essay was a systematic translation of different literature. Of all the articles used there were eight that was qualitative, two quantitative and one was a combination of both methods. The analytic process was accomplish with the support of the Friberg (2006) analytic method.Results; The analysis resulted in two categories; Physical changes after the treatment and the treatments impact on the sexuality of the women. The physical changes that occurred because of the treatment was recurring and it showed that it was primarily surgery that hurt the woman body.

Alla människor kan drabbas av hjärtstopp och varje år inträffar ungefär 15 000 hjärtstopp i Sverige. Att drabbas av hjärtstopp är en traumatisk upplevelse som påverkar individen på olika sätt. En ökad kunskap om patienters upplevelser utgör grunden för att ge professionell omvårdnad och kunna bemöta patienten i sin livsvärld. Syftet var att belysa patientens upplevelser efter att ha överlevt hjärtstopp. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där tio vetenskapliga artiklar utgjorde underlaget för resultatet.

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease, where joints are attacked by the own immune system, leading to chronic inflammation and destruction of bone and cartilage. Inflammation is a complex process, controlled by many different substances. One of them is adenosine, which has anti-inflammatory properties. In this project, three polymorphisms in different genes, involved in synthesis and signaling of adenosine, were genotyped for 188 patients with RA and 362 controls without RA. The results shows that for the polymorphism in A2a, a gene coding for an adenosine receptor, there was no significant difference in genotype distribution between the groups.

Postoperativ smärta är en smärta som är förväntad av både patient och sjuksköterska. Mötetmellan sjuksköterska och patient med postoperativ smärta innefattar sjuksköterskans kunskap och fördomar om smärta, samt patientens känsla av utlämnande och upplevelse av smärta. Syftet var att genom en litteraturstudie belysa viktiga faktorer i mötet mellan sjuksköterska och patient med postoperativ smärta. Därtill två frågeställningar; Vad är viktigt för sjuksköterskan i bemötandet av patienter med postoperativ smärta? Vad är viktigt för patienten med postoperativ smärta i mötet med sjuksköterskan? Metod Litteraturstudie med Graneheim och Lundmans analysmetod som verktyg.