AbstractBackground: After a while the usage of urinary catheters leads to UTI which for the patient means inconvenience, suffering and pain. Aim: The aim of this study was to illuminate how to prevent UTI from patients with indwelling catheter. Method: This study was a literature review in which the articles have been searched for in PubMed, Cinahl and ELIN@Kristianstad. Results: It is important for the nurse to clean the periutheral area before inserting the catheter, and has the knowledge of different cathetermaterials. Silver alloy-coated catheters reduces the rate of UTI.

The main purpose of this C-essay is to answer the question: What have been the consequences and effects of the merit point system on language studies and the parties concerned (teachers, students and principals) during the school year of 2010/11?The merit point system is the result of a political decision and was implicated for the first time in the Swedish upper secondary school during the school year 2010/2011. Being a completely new phenomenon it is of great interest and importance to study its effects.The study in this essay also aims to verify, falsify or nullify two hypotheses very often referred to in the political discussions regarding the merit point system:The merit point system will replace affection and interest as main reasons for language studies in upper secondary school and cause a rectification amongst the students choices of additional courses.The merit point system will have a segregating effect upon society and make it harder for people to rise in society through education in the future.A verification of these hypotheses would imply the appearance of an increased rectification amongst students as well as an orientation towards an in the future more segregated society.The empiric material has been collected and examined with qualitative as well as quantitative methods (questionnaires and interviews) and belongs epistemologically to the phenomenological and hermeneutical traditions..

As a result of the Civil Protection Act, there is an imperative for Systematic Fire Preventive Measures, SFPM. SFPM can be divided in two parts: organisational preventive measures, and documentation of fire preventive measures. The manner in which SFPM is to be conducted is similar to that of the environmental management system ISO 14001. This report provides suggestions how to integrate SFPM with ISO 14001..

In recent years, awareness of the climate change has increased around the world. Environmental issues have been taking into consideration, both by individuals and companies. Therefore the demands for new environmental friendly technology have increased, also known as cleantech. To further establish and develop cleantech it requires capital. Venture capitalists have as well seen the potential.To increase the number of Venture capital investments in cleantech, it is important the investments generate good returns.

AN EVALUATION OF EFFA-VÄSTERS PARENT PROGRAMME FOR PARENTS WITH CHILDREN 2-4 YEARS- A qualitative and quantitative research focused on content, effects and implementationAuthors: Fritz, Jesper & Johansson, LinaSupervisor: Koutakis, NikolausÖrebro UniversityAcademy of Law, psychology and social workSocial Work ProgramSocial Work 41-60 pointsC-essay, 15 pointsAutumn term 2008AbstractThis study is written on commission by The Unit for prevention which is a part of the Social welfare Services in the district of Örebro. The social work practice carried out by the unit is based on universal prevention, which includes providing parent programmes. The aim in this study is to describe and evaluate the EFFA-Väster parent programme, which has been compiled by social workers working at the unit, with regard to the content, effects and implementation of the program. The study is based on a non-experimental inquiry of an experimental group which has been subjected to a pre- and post test. Further, observations has been made of every program session to examine whether the program is implemented in accordance with the intention and how the program is received by the participants.

Background: Studies have shown that 66 children and teenagers in Sweden suffers from brain tumor every year. Children and teenagers who can´t participate in the regular school for a longer time for whatever reason, have by the school law the right to education in hospitals or institutions. Education that take place in other places than school most try to follow the same guidelines as his/hers usual school.  This applies to students in elementary school, compulsory school, special school, Sami school, secondary school and upper secondary school.Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to find out how three teachers at a hospital school plans their work with children in grade from 1 to 3, who suffer from cancer, especially brain tumor.  How can the teachers at the hospital school plan and organize their teaching so that it´s possible for the children whit brain tumor to feel as normal as possible. How does the common work between the consultant nurse, teachers at the hospitals and their ordinary school prevent the children to feel like an outsider?Method: I have chosen to do a qualitative study followed by three interviews whit three informants who works at a hospital school.

The purpose of this study was to examine health promotion and ill-health prevention in the workplaces of the City District Committees in the City of Malmö. More specifically, we wanted to find what types of health problems there were and what kinds of strategies were applied to prevent them. Furthermore, the aim was to examine whether the leaders of the City of Malmö saw any effects of the strategies in use and if so, which. Finally, the intention was to compare our empirical results to previous research in the field of health promotion and ill-health prevention in workplaces. We conducted a qualitative study consisting of semi-structured interviews with five leaders in different levels, two personnel secretaries, two employees assigned to improve the health of the personnel in the City Districts, and one safety representative.

Methodology The foundation to my essay has been created using both primary and secondary data. Inquiries have been handed out to Handelsbanken. This data is completed with appropriate theories and ends in an analysis and finally a result and suggestion to continuing studies.Conclusions My conclusion is that the employees and the management has the same opinion on the bonussystem Oktogon. Both parts sees the system as a motivation factor in the organization. But still not enough effect on the employees to call it an effective strategy..

The setting of pupils' final grades in the Swedish upper secondary school system is the responsibility of their teachers and once grades are set, they are not open to appeal. This can be compared with the British system where an external, central examination board sets the final grades based on the result of externally marked examinations (A-levels). These grades are then open to appeal if it is felt that an injustice has been made.This research paper has been an investigation into how pupils in one Swedish upper secondary school attempt to influence their teachers in the grade-setting process and how these teachers are affected by these different methods. Five teachers in total were interviewed in a qualitative case study. The study has also taken up the controversial issue of how grades, which are set individually by thousands of teachers across the country, can be deemed to be fair and equivalent.The study revealed that pupils employ many different methods when trying to influence their teachers in the grade-setting process e.g.

AbstractIntroductionWedged shoe insoles are used as a treatment for different problems in order to change the ground reaction force. They can secondary cause different loading patterns under the foot compared to normal. No previous study has, to the author?s knowledge, clinically evaluated the plantar foot pressure with different full-length wedges in normal persons.PurposeThe purpose was to evaluate the plantar pressure with different degrees of full-length wedges in normal persons.MethodTwenty persons with normal feet have participated in this single blind study. Wedges were produced clinically in four different shapes, 3° valgus, 0° flat, 3° varus och 6° varus.

Bakgrund: Trycksår har varit känt sedan ca 2000 f.Kr. ändå kvarstår problemet. Det är idag ett utbrett problemområde inom vården då patienter ständigt drabbas av nya trycksår trots att välbeskrivna preventionsåtgärder och riktlinjer finns att tillgå. Främst drabbade är äldre, personer som har någon form av rörelsehinder, är sängliggande eller stillasittande stora delar av dygnet. Trycksår innebär ett stort lidande för den drabbade patienten, främst i form av konstant smärta.

The aim of this study is to find out what education in literature is like from a student perspective; what kind of literature the students read and how well they understand literature, and the methods and didactics used during the literature lessons. The questions at issue are:1) What kind of literature do the students read?2) How well do the students understand literary texts?3) What do the students think about their literature education?To be able to answer the questions, both quantitative and qualitative methods have been used in the study. The inquiry was accomplished on 29 students, 17 boys and 12 girls in the upper secondary school. The result showed, despite the limited amount of students, interesting facts.

The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the geographical distribution of everyday criminality in the town of Borlänge during the year 2002 and to analyze which measures to be taken in the physical social planning to decrease this everyday criminality there. The term everyday criminality is here to be understood as those categories of crime that appear most frequently in the records of reports to the police every year. Here two kinds of crime have been in focus, thefts from cars and office burglary.In fulfilling this aim two main questions have been answered. The first one is how the everyday criminality was distributed geographically in the town of Borlänge during the year 2002. The second one is which measures to be taken in the physical social planning to decrease this everyday criminality in the town of Borlänge.In order to answer the first question a spatial autocorrelation analysis, Local Moran LISA has been used.

Bakgrund: Studier visar att hörselskador kan uppstå till följd av yttre påfrestningar så som exponering av buller och kraftiga tryckförändringar. Fallskärmshoppare exponeras för bägge dessa faktorer, vilket skulle kunna innebära en ökad risk för att utveckla hörselskador. Trots detta är området mycket sparsamt studerat. En ökad kunskap inom området medför att eventuella behov av preventiva åtgärder kan identifieras.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka förekomsten av upplevda hörselbesvär hos fallskärmshoppare, samt om det finns något samband mellan upplevda hörselbesvär och antal hopp, användning av öronproppar eller akustiska höjdvarnare.Metod: Studien genomfördes i form av en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie. En webbenkät skickades ut till samtliga aktiva fallskärmshoppare med registrerad e-postadress i två fallskärmsklubbar i Mellansverige.

Student recruitment is a subject that seems to be forgotten in the theory of event communication. Yet the area has some specific reoccurring features. Our purpose was to examine these specific features and how to work with these in the best way, and also see how to get the most out of the event communication to the young at event and fairs. Special features we have looked at are the student ambassadors ands their impact, the meaning of a give-away and also if there are any essential factors to get in contact with the young at fairs and events, and if new technology had an important role to play in the area.Our research has been inductive, and therefore, we have created our own theory and reflected it to the larger topic of event communication and its theories. Our research method has been triangular, both quantitative and qualitative; interviews with those who work with student recruitment, and surveys to young people in upper secondary school.Our study showed the importance of student ambassadors and their specific task to be nice, friendly and outgoing.