Bakgrund: Ljumskskador, ljumsk- och höftsmärta hos fotbollsspelare har oftast samband med minskat rörelseomfång i höfter, svaghet i bål och höftmuskulatur. Risk för ljumsksmärta ökar hos idrottare som inte tränar skadepreventivt. Syfte: Att undersöka om ett preventionsprogram med sex övningar för styrka och rörlighet kan minska förekomsten av ljumsksmärta hos herrfotbollsspelare. Material och metod: En kvantitativ experimentell fallstudie med kontrollgrupp, som utfördes med 14 herrfotbollslag (7 lag interventionsgrupp, 7 lag kontrollgrupp). I studien deltog 514 manliga fotbollspelare i åldern mellan 15-47 år. Resultat: I interventionsgruppen som genomförde ett preventionsprogram var antalet spelare med ljumsksmärta oförändrat, medan antalet deltagare med ljumsksmärta i kontrollgruppen ökade. Konklusion: Ett preventionsprogram med övningar för styrka och rörlighet kan förebygga förekomst av ljumsksmärta hos herrfotbollsspelare. Nyckelord: Fotboll, prevention, ljumskskada, ljumsksmärta, höftsmärta.

The aim of this thesis is to examine how secondary teachers in the subject of history are using the textbook in their teaching. Four questions are being dealt with in this thesis. What importance is being placed on the use of history textbooks by the secondary teachers? What priorities do the secondary teachers have? How do they deal with student interests? And what is the importance of the secondary teachers? work experience? I have interviewed four secondary teachers with different work experience to complete this thesis. A Dictaphone has been used in all the interviews. Research has shown that textbooks now have a central role in teaching and the lack of alternative materials and reduction of teaching hours has made it difficult to replace. The main conclusions of the thesis are that the history textbook has a dual role depending on the teacher you ask, and that the history book is used differently by the teachers.

During my practice as a teacher trainee at an upper secondary school it became clear to me that many pupils have difficulties with algebra. Also in a report from the National Agency for Education (1999) you can see that the students algebra knowledge get worse and worse. I was surprised to find that many pupils seemed to get stuck on the level of attainment for the senior level of the nine-year compulsory school. As I have not studied anything about difficulties in algebra during my training to become a qualified teacher I would like to get to know more about this. I also examine why you have to study algebra in upper secondary school.

This study attempts to explore how schools? handles and prevents cyber-bullying among pupils. The purpose in this study was to investigate how the school staffs work in secondary schools with grades sixth to ninth. How do the schools discover, prevent and stop cyber-bullying? Do the schools? have any experiences of cyber-bullying? How do the schools work with anti-bullying concepts ? have the new phenomenon cyber-bullying affected and changed the schools´ anti-bullying work in connection with the guidelines and in relation to the "new technology"? This study attempts to examine how this is handled within several secondary schools with three different municipalities.

Juvenile criminality has been widely discussed in the public debate. But what is there to do about a phenomenon like juvenile criminality in Sweden. Many studies have shown the potential of lowering juvenile criminality if different actors would collaborate. This research aims to explore preventive work and cooperation between different actors working with youth in risk of crime in Angered, with a focus on Hjällbo and Hammarkullen. The study is based on social and situational theory.

Animals in zoos live in small enclosed areas. If a pathogen is introduced to the zoo, the animals are extremely vulnerable. The highest risk of introducing new pathogens occurs when new animals are introduced to the collection. Therefore it is essential that zoos have a protocol in place for disease prevention. This review has studied literature on the subject of disease prevention protocols when translocating animals between zoos.

This study describes and reviews horse stable equipment from companies who builds and sells the equipment. In the study the companies various equipment was compared with regulations in the law of prevention of cruelty to animals. The purpose with this study was to find out if the companies stable equipment are approved according to the regulations within this area. The study used at five randomly picked companies.This study showed that three of the five examined companies refered, in one way or another, to the law of prevention of cruelty to animals on their website. Unfortunately not any of the companies referred to todays existing law of prevention of cruelty to animals.

The number of students who finished special upper secondary school for pupils with intellectual disabilities without an employment has drastically decreased over the last decades. The purpose of this paper is to increase the knowledge of how career counselors at special upper secondary schools collaborate with the Employment Service, and how the special upper secondary school prepares their pupils for working life. The collection of data started with a national questionnaire survey which was directed to career counselors at schools.The result shows that the collaboration appears foremost in the pupils last year in special upper secondary school, and that the special upper secondary schools do not use the Employment Service's assistance to any great extent. In addition, the collaborative process consists of both inhibiting and promoting factors.The results also indicates that the collaboration between the special upper secondary schools and the local labor market can be developed more for the pupils to gain experience from working life..

This study deals with an important and challenging issue that each school is facing today, that is the prevention work of bullying. The purpose is to investigate how two elementary schools define bullying and how the work of prevention looks like today. The study highlights two models, Farsta and Friends, that many schools follows in their work and struggle against bullying. We conducted this study by looking at how bullying looks at two elementary schools. How these schools developed working method in order to secure a safe environment for all children in the school.The findings in this study highlighted the involvement of these two schools in the work of prevention against bullying, which methods they used and how these schools worked intensively with organisations such as Friends.

The authors of this paper intended to study and compare local secondary schools(municipally owned schools) and independent secondary schools(privately owned schools) in Stockholm County. The purpose oft his paper is to explore how secondary schools market themselves and whether the view and use of marketing is different between municipal and independent secondary schools. The essay is by nature multi-case study and interviews were conducted with representatives from four high schools, two municipal and two independent, one representative from Education Committee and one from Privet Schools? Association.The introduction of School reform in 1992 enabled opening of privately owned schools and empirical datas hows that before 1992 secondary schools did not have the same extent of competition and the need of marketing was not widespread, but today there is fierce competition among secondary schools. The introduction of School reform changed the conditions for the Swedish school market, greater freedom of choice led to atougherfight for the students, which in turn increases the competition between secondary schools.

Obstipation är ett vanligt omvårdnadsproblemsom påverkar patientens livskvalitet negativt. Obstipation orsakar ett lidande hos patienten och kan dessutom leda till komplikationer. Syftet med studien var att beskriva möjligheterna för prevention och kurativ behandling hos vuxna patienter med obstipation. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie, vetenskapliga artiklar bearbetades och granskades. Tjugoen artiklar påvisade god och medelgod vetenskaplig kvalitet och stämde överens med syftet, dessa användes i resultatet.

ABSTRACTBackground and aims: Nutrition is a part of the medical treatment, and also a part of the nursingcare. In spite of this, malnutrition is a common problem in the health care sector. Studies show thatnurses have too little knowledge about nutrition and malnutrition and that nutrition has low priorityin the daily work. The aim with this study was to find out the nurses self-reported knowledge aboutand their attitudes towards malnutrition, nutrition screening, prevention and treatment of patientswith malnutrition.Methods: A questionnaire was handed out to 65 nurses in two different care units and 36questionnaires were answered.Results: The respondents from the two care units self-reported their knowledge about nutrition andmalnutrition low. Most of the respondents stated to have a big need of education about nutritionscreening and more than half of the respondents stated that they have a need of education forprevention and treatment of malnutrition.

This quality study was carried out with seven semi-structured interviews and five of them were with elite women´s football coaches. What has been studied is how elite women?s football coaches are working with injury prevention training to their knees for the women?s football players. An anterior cruciate ligament injury in elite women?s football is both common and serious knee injury.

AimThe aim with this essay was to find out what the personal in the primary care of Värmdö have for attitude to work with physical activity in prevention and treatment of diseases, how they work with the method today and how they think about working with the method in the future. Following questions were in focus of the study: How are they working in the primary care of Värmdö today with physical activity in prevention and treatment of diseases? What is the attitude to work with physical activity in prevention and treatment of diseases? And how do they want to work with physical activity in prevention and treatment of diseases in the future?MethodThe study includes all doctors, nurses and physiotherapists in Gustavsberg and Djurö primary care in Värmdö. To get answers on the question of issue was a questionnaire handed out. 82 % answered, which means that 45 of totally 55 employed in both primary care units answered the questinnaire.Results44 of 45 asked reported that they give verbal advice about physical activity to their patients today.

ABSTRACTBackground and aims: Nutrition is a part of the medical treatment, and also a part of the nursingcare. In spite of this, malnutrition is a common problem in the health care sector. Studies show thatnurses have too little knowledge about nutrition and malnutrition and that nutrition has low priorityin the daily work. The aim with this study was to find out the nurses self-reported knowledge aboutand their attitudes towards malnutrition, nutrition screening, prevention and treatment of patientswith malnutrition.Methods: A questionnaire was handed out to 65 nurses in two different care units and 36questionnaires were answered.Results: The respondents from the two care units self-reported their knowledge about nutrition andmalnutrition low. Most of the respondents stated to have a big need of education about nutritionscreening and more than half of the respondents stated that they have a need of education forprevention and treatment of malnutrition.