Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva riskfaktorer som kan orsaka uppkomsten av trycksår samt vilka riskbedömningsinstrument som kan användas vid bedömning av patienter i riskzonen att utveckla trycksår. Vidare var syftet att redogöra för prevention vid trycksår. För att kunna besvara dessa frågor användes vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes via Högskolan Dalarnas databaser. Resultatet av sökningen gav 22 artiklar som användes i studien, varav fem artiklar i introduktionen och 17 artiklar i studiens resultat. Av de artiklar som användes i resultatet hade 16 artiklar kvantitativ ansats och en artikel kvalitativ ansats.

AbstractThis study deals with Swedish upper secondary school teachers' approaches to an expanded text concept. Attitudes mediated through media as well as ?the new languages? that media give rise to, imply new conditions for the activities in school. As a necessary adaptation to the new conditions given by the media forces, the Swedish upper secondary school 1994 incorporated ?an expanded text concept? in the syllabus for the Swedish language.The focus of the study is how Swedish upper secondary school teachers' work to meet and challenge the students' in an expanded text concept.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate whether the lower secondary school teaching in religion leads to a positive understanding and openness, concerning different religions and cultures. We want to study how pupils in grade eight and nine in two lower secondary schools in a multicultural community comprehend different religions. Since we choose a pupils perspective we decided to do a questionnaire to get a wide ground. As a complement we interviewed twelve pupils and also did observations during their religion classes. During our study we focused on three different themes.

Background: A health damage that has been specifically related to nursing is pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers are a complication caused by disease, care and treatment and can result in great suffering for the patient. Pressure ulcers can affect people both physically and psychosocially and is experienced, by most patients, as a serious and unnecessary complication of care. Today there are hundreds of identified risk factors for pressure ulcers described that can be divided into patient and care-related risk factors. A successful pressure ulcer prevention and treatment is to reduce or eliminate the underlying causes for the development of pressure ulcers, prevent deterioration and to treat existing ulcers.

This research overview examines what research says about upper secondary school students' difficulties with complex numbers. The three main areas covered are general difficulties with complex numbers, how to teach the subject, and whether the history of complex numbers can be beneficial in this teaching. A historical deep dive into the history of complex numbers is also included to further investigate this idea. The results show that upper secondary school students struggle with complex numbers in various ways. The name of the subject creates a negative connotation, as it is initially perceived by students as fictional and complicated. Furthermore, a consequence of the inherently abstract nature of complex numbers is that gaining a comprehensive understanding of them is challenging.

In this paper, I have conducted a study of what perspectives educational drama has in theory and practice. The study aims to show an example of how and out of what perspectives educational drama is a part of the school?s activity at a geographically distinct school, from kindergarten on to primary and secondary school years. The general attitude of the faculty and their arguments for and against drama constitute the major aspects of this study, which has been carried out through qualitative interviews at a school in Skåne. The results were that pre-school focuses on teaching drama to develop communicative abilities amongst the students (art educational perspective) while secondary school seemingly abandoned this approach and focuses more on using it for personal development, increasing empathy and understanding of other people by taking it to a more emotional level in order to affect for example moral values of the students.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka samband mellan bukaorta aneurysm hos 65-åriga män och riskfaktorer såsom rökning, BMI>25, kosttillskott, hypertoni, hyperlipidemi, ett stillasittande yrke samt hereditet. Kvantitativ ansats med deskriptiv och korrelativ design användes, 3854 65-åriga män från två årskullar som screenats för AAA ingick och uppgifter hämtades från ett dataregister. Resultat: Antalet personer med bukaorta aneurysm var 2,4 %, 65 % var/hade varit rökare, 67 % hade övervikt, 49 % stillasittande arbete, 41 % hypertoni, 25 % hyperlipidemi, 17 % åt kosttillskott och 4 % hade hereditet. Rökning, hypertoni och hyperlipidemi visade signifikant samband med och ökade risken för att utveckla AAA. Störst riskfaktor var rökning.

SAMMANFATTNINGSjukhusinfektioner förlänger vårdtiden och fördyrar vården samt innebär ett ökat lidande för patienten. Urinvägsinfektion (UVI) är den vanligaste vårdrelaterade infektionen. Behandling med kateter à démeur (KAD) är omfattande inom akutsjukvården. KAD anses vara den främsta orsaken till vårdrelaterad UVI.Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva faktorer i sjuksköterskans arbete som påverkar incidensen för utvecklandet av kateterassocierad UVI.Underlaget för resultatet utgörs av 24 vetenskapliga artiklar som på manuell och systematisk väg söktes i databaser. Analysen av artiklarna resulterade i sju ämnesområden som utgör delarna i resultatet.

AbstractThis essay deals with young people?s written language. It is often said that the student?s ability to write is worse today compared to earlier generations. The written language is an important condition for knowledge, therefore it is of great importance that all students, after finished secondary- and upper secondary school, have acquired an adequate language which is suitable in the public room.The fact that young people?s language is worse than earlier generations is a constantly recurrent assertion and often debated in school.

The aim for the project was to develop a risk analyse tool for measuring the fire safety level in Cultural Heritage buildings of Visby, Gotland. In 1995 Visby were taken into the Unesco:s World Heritage List with the explanation ?Visby is an outstanding example of a Northern European walled Hanseatic town which has in a unique way preserved its townscape and its extremely valuable buildings? One of the demands for the tool was that it should be easy to use and result into a ranking level in examined buildings. The user of the tool is recommended to be personnel in the fire department. To develop the tool a Multi Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method was used.

In previous contact with secondary schools, we have noticed a dull setting for friluftsliv among teachers in Physical Education and Health. We suspected that both teaching and assessment are sometimes conducted in error. Under the provisions of Skolverket the teacher must involve all elements mentioned in the core content of the curriculum and the assessment of students' knowledge may be based only on what is expressed in the syllabus for each course. Research shows that the implementation of the curriculum have failed in the subjects investigated (Skolinspektionen, 2013:22). We have identified a gap of knowledge regarding the situation of friluftsliv in the course physical education 1.

Background: Atopic eczema has increased in the last decade among children. The nurse can have a major role to prevent the disease. Aim: the aim of this study as to describe the nurses´ work in primary care with prevention to families with atopi with focus on atopic eczema among children. Method: A literature review based on analysis of fifteen scientific articles was done. Results: If the child was breastfed both positive and negative effects were evident.

Benskörhet (osteoporos) och frakturer orsakade av osteoporos är ett stort globalt problem. Syftet med det tioåriga projektet ?Vadstena en benhård kommun? var att utvärdera om man med en befolkningsinriktad interventionsstrategi kunde minska osteoporos och osteoporosrelaterade frakturer i en kommun. Ett representativt urval av befolkningen i åldern 20-79 år, 15% av en population på 7800 personer, blev tillfrågade om att delta vid fyra undersökningstillfällen som innebar att fylla i en enkät och att bentäthetsmätas. Vid första tillfället deltog 70%, första uppföljningen 69%, andra uppföljningen 79% och vid den tredje uppföljningen 65%.Syftet med denna MPH-uppsats är att beskriva det praktiska interventionsarbetet utifrån dagboksanteckningar och att presentera befolkningens upplevelser av interventionsarbetet.Vi nådde uppskattningsvis 5000 personer (65%) av befolkningen med direkt information.De personer som fick individuella riskprofiler baserade på angivna svar i frågeformulär och bentäthetsvärden var de som gav mest positiv respons och kan tillskrivas en lyckad individuell intervention.Den grupp som varit med en eller flera gånger tidigare (interventionsgruppen) var de som vid sista undersökningen 1999, hade fått ökad kunskap om osteoporos (P<0,001).

AbstractEvidence based research has shown that organized parent support programmes have a goodeffect in strengthening the role of the parent and preventing problems during growth. Thisin turn has a great significance for Public Health.Komet is one of the evidence based programmes used in Sweden, based on Americanprogrammes and adapted to Swedish conditions.This qualitative study consists of interviews with six children between six and nine yearswith behaviour problems, whose parents have taken part in the Komet programme.With Grounded Theory as research approach the children?s experiences of the programmeand relations within the family have been looked into and analysed.The result of this study suggests that a space for growth of their own is a common need ofthe children, and that this can be achieved by giving them the opportunity to function in afamily environment where they are seen and understood.The Komet programme contributed to this by giving the family tools to strengthen relationswithin the family, create calm and make the children more visible.The self image of the children in this study had improved which gave them more room togrow in a strengthened family situation. This in turn improved conditions for good feelings,and sense of well being, of importance for child development and health..

Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to identify principles of valuation and to reach a solution for how Statens järnvägar can present their leased railroad vehicles in the future.Methodology: The authors have done a case study through a qualitative approach. Interviews have been done with Statens järnvägar, Näringsdepartementet and Riksrevisionen. Annual reports from Banverket and Luftfartsverket have been studied.Theoretical perspectives: The regulations that rule the authorities are a base for the study.Earlier researches done within the subject are presented in this section.Empirical foundation: The empirical foundation of this study consists of primary- and secondary data. The primary data is collected from the interviews that have been done, whilst the secondary data is composed of annual reports, regulations and various other documents.Conclusions: The authors have come to the conclusion that the method of valuation that Statens järnvägar choose, depends a lot on the vehicles hypothetical future. It is difficult to say that only one of the methods would be the correct one..