This paper discusses difficulties and Failures with being a Neutral and objective Scientist when writing about a subject which he or she is dedicated too.The purpose with this paper is to study the knowledge process, in other words, is some knowledge harder to see due to the Scientist dedication to the subject or is some knowledge constructed due to the Scientist dedication to the subject studied, and the process of intermediating, in other words, how to validate the results. Subject which is discussions are Scientist objectivity, sociologist dilemmas, and different roles of Scientists. The paper also deals with the importance of different perspectives and how ours choice of perspective influences ours research. Ethical state of conditions in interview situations and how we can reflect and criticise our own part and attitudes as an interviewer are also discussed in this paper..

Open access (OA) is a publishing model aimed at increasingthe access to academic research results. The object of thisstudy was to contrast nine colleges and four fundingorganizations in Scandinavia with mandatory OA-policies,and to study how they put OA into practice.Inspired by the Open Access Spectrum (OAS), a tool used toappreciate the OA of academic journals, the aim was tograde the policy documents of the colleges using the OASmodel.The study also compares how the colleges implementtheir OA-policies as well as how, and if, the demands fromthe funding organizations are reflected in the policies of thecolleges.The findings show that the OAS is not a tool designed forgreen OA and that all the information needed for the scale tofunction was not found in the policy documents we studied.A selection of the colleges has some demands in theirpolicies, although most of them allow exceptions to be madefrom the mandatory policy. This is shown to be mainly aquestion of academic freedom, and copyright, or rather thanthe degree to which the Scientist and the publisher can cometo an agreement on allowing the information to be accessiblethrough OA.The study proposes that the way to change this may be toincrease the demands on OA in the policies, and that the bestsolution might be in stipulations within the employmentcontracts between the individual colleges and Scientist..

Information is essential in order for pharmaceutical companies to be successful. This essay focuses on the information provision of pre-clinical Scientists at AstraZeneca R&D Lund, and the role of the company library in this process. In semi-structured interviews, four pre-clinical Scientists were asked to describe their information provision regarding what type of information they need, how they find it and what sources of information they use. Four librarians from the company library were also interviewed to give their perspective on the information provision of pre-clinical Scientist. The study also aimed at comparing the image of the process as described by the Scientists themselves and the librarians.

Men's violence against women is an issue that exists all over the world. There are several Scientists and organisations that work with this issue in one way or another. In Sweden an organisation called ROKS, and a Scientist called Eva Lundgren, has been in the limelight for medias attention several times. The impression has been given that Eva Lundgren is a very controversial Scientist and that her research is very different from other research about men's violence against women.The aim with this essay is therefore foremost to look at research from different Scientists and compare them to Eva Lundgrens research. I found three so called levels about why men use violence against women.

This paper analyses what effect an application of a specific poststructural feminist theory has on the Swedish classification system SAB. The purpose is to study if it is possible to open up the current representation of gender towards a more multiple one. The study is both theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part include a short presentation of both classification theory and feminist theory. The study also presents the critic that poststructual feminists submit.

By examine plastic craniums from eight different hominids I wanted to find morfological characteristics that agreed with those of modern humans. The species that were selected had a plastic casting of its cranium in the laboratory at Gotland University. My focus was on species from the family Australopithecius and Homo and only working with their craniums. And this because the cranium and the theeth shows the most visible morfological characteristics between the different hominids. I also wanted,in a small part of the essay, to write about the differences in now living primates and humans skulls.Except from analysing the plastic castings I also studied surveys written by other Scientist on the same subject.

Previous research has established coaches' important role in developing elite athletes (Durand, Bush, Thomson & Salmela 1996). Athlete enhancement and assisting athletes achieve ?peak performance? has been a major objective for elite coaches as well as sports Scientists (Williams & Kendall, 2007) Despite this common goal, research also question whether sports Scientists and the research they pursue really effects coaches knowledge and constitute a foundation for today and tomorrows athletic performances (Bishop 2008).  This study examined elite coaches? needs and use of sport science research as well as the interaction between elite coaches and sport Scientists. Following interviews of ten elite coaches, content analysis revealed that sport science is both a formal and informal resource of knowledge for coaches. Development of athletes is seen as the main objective of research retrieval and personal and/or direct contact with the sport Scientist is considered to be the best way to assemble.

By examine plastic craniums from eight different hominids I wanted to find morfological characteristics that agreed with those of modern humans. The species that were selected had a plastic casting of its cranium in the laboratory at Gotland University. My focus was on species from the family Australopithecius and Homo and only working with their craniums. And this because the cranium and the theeth shows the most visible morfological characteristics between the different hominids. I also wanted,in a small part of the essay, to write about the differences in now living primates and humans skulls.Except from analysing the plastic castings I also studied surveys written by other Scientist on the same subject.

The aim of this study is to research images of the academic world that is presented, incorporated and reproduced within the frames of the mentorship in the basic level. Can these images derive to the view upon science as a traditionally male area? Is mentorship gendered? Can the mentorship on the basic level be viewed upon as a milestone of a academic career where men and women have different opportunities to succeed?By interviewing seven mentors, working in a social sciences institution in a larger Swedish university, I have come to the conclusion that knowledge is coded male and that this affect mentors mental images of what male and female students are expected to do. The male student represent the Scientist, while the female student represent what the Scientist is not.Depending on the work of, among others, Kerstin Norlander, Dorothy Smith and Eva Erson I have come to view upon the university as a patriarchal organisation witch produces knowledge based upon male values, experiences and concepts. This precludes the female within this organisation from relating to the knowledge she is supposed to incorporate.

Inspired by the great arts of Scientist and poet Robert J. Oppenheimer, the purpose of this paper is to unveil and highlight the attitudes towards the atomic bomb in Swedish newspapers during the early and most vivid years of the atomic era. By pinpointing and analysing central discourses caused by this paradigm breaking invention, this academic effort reveals the morbid moral of the story caused by loose speculations and the lack of knowledge..

Anton Rolandson Martin, 1729-1785, was the first travelling Scientist to the Arctic area 1758. He became a discipel to Carl von Linné 1755..

Although women have had access to colleges and universities in Sweden for quite some timeand the share of women at the undergraduate level has been high for many years (40% by thelate 1950:s, nowadays women are a majority at that level), still the share of women professorsis low. This paper will study some researchers? view on how a professor should be, and alsohow they relate themselves to that ideal. The method used is qualitative interviews, whichhave then been analysed by discourse analysis. The paper also contains a discussion on thehistory of the universities from the Middle Ages and forward, to show how the impact of thathistorical legacy affects universities today.Eight respondents were interviewed, four women and four men.

In this essay I aim to examine how the landscape of Mönsterås might have looked like during the Bronze age in order to get a better understanding of the house urn that C J Ekerot found in a cairn in Fälle. Mönsterås is an area which has a quality of permanence, from Stone Age to Iron Age with its culmination during the Bronze Age. I will discuss the use and symbolic meaning of the house urn. The house as a symbol during the Bronze Age seemed to have had an important place in the cosmology. I will also discuss the importance of cairns, especially in the archipelago areas.

Dissatisfaction with the current market for scientific publishing, dominated by a few large publishers able to obtain high subscription fees, gave birth to the Open Access movement. One problem for the Open Access movement, which aims at making research results freely available, is that Scientists are reluctant to publish in journals that are free on the Internet, so called Open Access journals. This master's thesis aims at showing how Scientists reason about their own publishing in scientific journals. It is investigated which factors are important when Scientist decide on which journals to send their articles. The aim is to increase the understanding of Scientists' views on Open Access.Six interviews were conducted with Scientists in Biomedicine at Lund University.

As the western society gradually turns into a knowledge- and risk society, where science and scientific innovations increasingly both promise to save the world and destroy it, a shift in the relation between the scientific community and the rest of society has emerged. A shift from a top-down one-way transfer view regarding communication, to a dialogue-based interactive co-production model, where the public are part of setting the agenda for research and contribute to the knowledge production. Or at least in theory, in EU documents and in many different country's policy documents. In practical application however, one might have a hard time see the implementation of such model.As a more comprehensive and dialogue-based science communication is depending on the possibility for Scientist themselves to engage and fell the need to engage, we have focused on their thoughts.In this thesis we have examined six Scientists view on, and work with, science communication, as well as their perceived social and structural conditions. We have also examined action plans and strategy documents from three Swedish universities that in different ways mention science communication and interaction with the broader society.