This study examines the effects of credit risk and information disclosure in the new bank regulating system Basel II on bank and bank customer. The effects are then discussed in a perspective of the economic man and information asymmetric theories. Furthermore is the Basel II effects on the capital adequacy of Andelsbanken för Åland examined.The approach of the study is qualitative and several interviews with individuals on different levels of the examined bank, Andelsbanken för Åland, have been carried out during the collecting of empirical facts about the effects of the regulating change from the Basel I system to Basel II.The research findings are as follows:Andelsbanken för Åland have increased its capital adequacy ratio from 12,7 percent to 14,4 percent, mostly due to lower risk weights on housing mortgages compared to Basel I. Andelsbanken för Åland have started to use a completely new credit risk and customer assessment system which classifies every customer and gives them a credit rating. The system cause a much heavier information gathering of the customers profile as well as a much better assessment of risk than the previous system, which the bank finds positive.

Kultur differentierar samhällen världen över och skillnader kan orsaka problem för företagare som saknar kunskap eller underskattar dessa skillnaders betydelse. Den holländske forskaren Geert Hofstede har under mer än 40 år bedrivit forskning om kulturskillnader och placerat samt värderat ett stort antal länder i olika dimensioner vilka i uppsatsen utgörs av Osäkerhetsundvikande, Individualism, Maktdistans och Maskulinitet. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur fem svenska företag upplever och hanterar kulturskillnader mellan Sverige och Mexiko utifrån Hofstedes fyra dimensioner av nationell kultur. För att kunna genomföra denna studie har frågor kopplade till nationell kultur baserade på Hofstedes dimensioner använts och personer på fem svenska företag har intervjuats. Resultatet visar att det tydligt finns skillnader i nationell kultur mellan Sverige och Mexiko.

In the haulage business customers are constantly requesting new features. Hence thedevelopment department must constantly update their system which ultimatelyresults in a variety of versions of the system. The large number of versions creates acomplexity which often reduces product quality and extends the developmentlifecycle time.The work on the following thesis has taken place at Scania?s Fleet Managementdepartment, which develops tools for hauliers to track their vehicle fleet in real time.The purpose of this thesis was to examine how Scania can handle an increasedamount of versions of the Fleet Management System which Scania expect will be seenin the future. The investigation was conducted by preparing a number of differentscenarios that formed the basis for a discussion of what these different scenarioswould mean for different parts of Scania?s business.

Children are a group of patients that require special knowledge from the anesthesia staff, both general and specific. Theoretical knowledge and practical experience is necessary to adequately care for the child as it anatomically, physiologically and mentally may differ from adult patients.A growing problem in the pediatric population is overweight and obesity. From a stagnation in the early 2000s the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in the world are again increasing.The purpose of this study was to examine peri-operative care of overweight and obese children.Systematic searches were done in PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus. After the quality audit according to SBU, twelve articles were included for analysis.Results suggest that overweight and obese children have a higher risk of respiratory peri-operative complications. The risk of hospital admission after outpatient surgery was also greater in this group as well as higher costs for health care.Overweight and obese children are complex subjects with more frequent peri-operative risk factors than normal-weight children.

Traditionally risk-based measures have been used to assess animal welfare in legislation and certification schemes. With increased knowledge and research, debate today tends to focus on and advocate the use of animal-based measures. However this is not a panacea for welfare and the most sound conclusion should be that assessment of animal welfare needs both. The aim of this thesis is to identify the points that need to be taken into consideration to find the optimal balance in the use of input and outcome measures according to the aim of the assessment and how these should be applied when designing a certification scheme? To answer this, a comparison of the use of resource-based, management-based and animal-based measures in two certification schemes for dairy cow welfare, Freedom Food (UK) and Svenskt Sigill (SWE), was made.

AbstractTitle: The debut of gluten ? Does timing of gluten introduction affect the risk ofceliac disease in high-risk children?Author: Sandra Hagwall Frohm and Maria IngmarSupervisor: Frode SlindeExaminer: Mette AxelsenProgramme: Programme in dietetics, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Bachelor?s thesis in clinical nutrition, 15 hpDate: May 26, 2015Background: Celiac disease is a chronic disease in which the intestinal mucosa is damaged bygluten exposure, and the only treatment is a lifelong gluten-free diet. The disease affects about1 % of the population worldwide, but the majority are undiagnosed. Ingestion of gluten and thegenotype HLA-DQ2/8 are required for disease development, although additional genetic andenvironmental factors are believed to be of importance. One hypothesis is that timing of glutenintroduction in infants affects the disease risk.

SAMMANDRAGHistorisk Simulation, Delta-Normal och RiskMetrics prestation utvärderas med hjälp av Kupiecs Backtest. Value at Risk (VaR) beräknas med tre olika konfidensnivåer utifrån Affärsvärldens Generalindex och HSBC kopparindex. Utifrån överträdelser från verkligt utfall undersöks vilken VaR-modell som estimerar marknadsrisken bäst. VaR-modellernas prestation jämförs, och i analysen utreds hur konfidensnivå och tillgångars egenskaper påverkar VaR-modellernas prestation. Resultaten visar att Historisk Simulation presterar bättre än Delta-Normal och RiskMetrics på den högsta konfidensnivån vilket troligtvis beror på att RiskMetrics och Delta-Normal antar normalfördelning.

Rättspsykiatriska patienter är en grupp med mycket psykosocial belastning i barndomen och mer forskning behövs kring bland annat huruvida det finns samband mellan denna psykosociala belastning, framtida brottslighet och bedömd risk för våld. Denna studies syfte var att jämföra brottslighet, psykosocial belastning i barndomen samt initiala riskbedömningar gjorda med HCR-20 på kvinnor respektive män vårdade vid Rättspsykiatriska Regionkliniken i Sundsvall. Vidare undersöktes ifall förekomst av psykosocial belastning i barndomen korrelerade med bedömd risk för våld bedömd med HCR-20 eller med brottslighet hos patienterna. Studiens sampel bestod av 10 kvinnor och 39 män varav majoriteten vårdades enligt LRV. Data samlades in från journaler, rättspsykiatriska undersökningar och domar samt genom enskilda intervjuer.

Hair care is a hygienic treatment and is supervised by the Local Environment and Public Health Committee in the municipality. According to the Swedish Environmental Code, hairdressers as all practitioners are required to take measurements to protect the environment and public health. In hygienic treatments hazards may arise from inadequate hygiene practice which spread infection. Hazards may also arise from the use of hair care products such as permanent wave solutions, bleaches and hair dyes. Some hair dye components are known to cause contact allergy, mostly in hair dressers who are exposed professionally but also in some cases in consumers.

Avregleringar pa? den finansiella marknaden har lett till en o?kad konkurrens fo?r retailbanker och en miljo? da?r konsumenten har tillga?ng till ett bredare utbud av finansiella tja?nster. Bankerna har sva?rt att differentiera sig genom traditionella la?gpris- och produktdifferentieringstrategier och har i sto?rre utstra?ckning insett behovet av att prioritera en kundorienterad strategi i syfte att beha?lla en lojal kundbas. Studier visar att en kundorienterad organisation a?r mer bena?gen att leverera en framsta?ende servicekvalitet som resulterar i tillfredssta?llda kunder men forskarna har a?gnat mindre uppma?rksamhet a?t ekonomistyrningens utformning i syfte att fra?mja en kundorienterat arbetssa?tt inom organisationen.

This thesis describes and examines a new line of business, CleanTech. CleanTech comprises a wide range of different types of companies and is not yet well defined. In this thesis only the Swedish market is considered, and a variety of players on the market are included to give the most extensive picture of the current situation. Recent research shows that a gap has arisen between governmental financing and private equity-investments in CleanTech-companies. This gap occurs mainly in companies in expansive phases and causes problems both for the companies and for the line of business as a whole. To investigate this gap the Swedish CleanTech-business is described in terms of earlier and existing financing, age and size of the companies and their turnover and profit.

There are problems with poor quality, poor scheduling and poor working climate in the Swedish construction industry. Many parts have been involved, trying to solve the problem.This spring a new planning and building-law becomes final. In this law, the requirements set on the controls are greater. Hopefully this will lead to fewer construction errors. The requirements set on the working environment have also increased, forcing consultants and contractors to focus on safe workplaces.For each project requiring a building permit, an inspection plan has to been drawn.

Äldreomsorgen står inför ständiga förändringar och i dagsläget neddragningar. I Norrköpings kommun har ett projekt startats för att kunna ta tillvara på personalens innovativa förmåga. Personalen verkar tillsammans med chefen i ett arbetsklimat som kan vara både bra och dåligt. Klimatet kan även präglas av om idéer kan genomföras mer eller mindre enkelt. Den här studien har gjorts för att bidra till att utöka kunskapen om enhetschefens roll i innovativa klimat i äldreomsorgen.Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta fram och sprida kunskap om enhetschefers roll i hanteringen av innovativt klimat.

AbstractThe research project Liberation, supported by the European Commission under the Environment and Sustainable Development Programme (Fifth RTD Framework Programme) aimed at developing a decision support system for ecological risk assessment of contaminated sites has proposed a tiered system including the triad method. This method integrates contaminant chemistry and bioavailability analyses with observed ecotoxicological effects in soil and groundwater. In this study the triad method was used to perform a risk characterization of a former surface treatment and metal industry, now used for the student union buildings of the Mälardalen University in Eskilstuna, Sweden. On the site, high concentrations of copper, zinc and nickel have been detected in the soil in a preliminary investigation of contaminant levels with XRF. For performing the risk assessment of the site according to the triad method, contaminant bioavailability, soil metal concentrations and soil toxicity were determined and an ecological assessment was carried out on four selected soil samples (one reference soil and three samples with low (B), medium (C) and high (D) contaminant levels). Contaminant bioavailability was measured through leaching (ISO TC 190/S7) and biouptake tests (DGT).

Stödbrev utfärdas av ett moderbolag till en koncernextern part då ett avtal skall slutas mellan stödbrevsutfärdarens dotterbolag och stödbrevsmottagaren. Uppsatsen redogör för hur stödbrev fungerar och dess uppbyggnad. Det undersöks också vad det är för bakomliggande mekanism som förklarar hur avtal kommer till stånd och vilken betydelse det får att gemensam partsvilja mellan utfärdare och mottagare inte finns om stödbrevets rättsliga innebörd. Eventuellt kan Grönfors modell om avtalsgrundande rättsfakta vara en förklaring på avtalsverkningarna. Uppsatsen undersöker också institutet ansvarsgenombrott.