In this essay dog as a compatible model were put against human. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes were compared between dogs, human, cat and mouse. To evaluate dog as a model and study similarities and differences was the aim with this review. Dog as a model contributes to understand mechanisms behind autoimmune diseases and showed clearly histological similarities between human and dogs concerning the skin disease mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP)/cicatricial pemphgioid (CP). Further genetic evidence motivated the choice of using dog as a comprehensive model when the MHC-complex correlated with hypothyroiditis in Doberman dog as it does in human. Physiological similarities with low levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) together with high level of thyroid releasing hormone (TSH) were found in the same way as in human.

Syftet var att beskriva förekomst av risk för eller undernäring samt vanligast insatta och typav förebyggande åtgärder bland personer i särskilt boende samt att undersöka om det fannsskillnader i förekomst av risk för eller undernäring hos personer med neuropsykologiskaproblem jämfört med personer utan sådana problem. Studien hade en beskrivande ochjämförande design med kvantitativ ansats. Datat inhämtades från kvalitetsregistret Senioralert. Deltagarna i studien utgjordes av 341 personer från en kommun i Mellansverige.Resultatet visade att 41,9 % hade risk för eller var undernärda enligt MNA-SF. BMI <22poäng hade 23,5 %.

The aim of this thesis has been to examine how the risk for the swine flu was represented in the Swedish Radio news broadcast Ekot 16.45 during different phases of the pandemic in 2009. We wanted to study how the risk was described in different discourses and periods? Were the participants in the reporting calming or warning the listeners in relations to different aspects of the swine flu? What consequences for the community were reported in the broadcasting?To find the answers to our questions, we analysed 13 features about the swine flu broadcasted in Ekot?s main news broadcast Ekot 16.45. We used critical discourse analysis inspired by Norman Fairclough.We identified four types of discourses in our text, a journalistic discourse, a medical discourse, a nationalistic discourse and an authority discourse. The main discourse was the medical one.

It is well proven that physical exercise has an impact on our bodies as well as our minds. The aim of this study is to examine if this impact also affects economic behaviour. Three hypotheses regarding the impact of acute exercise on overconfidence, risk enhancement and well-being have been tested by collecting questionnaires from 364 participants at Friskis & Svettis, Kungsholmen who all were asked to answer the questions either before or after exercising. The differences between the before and after group were analysed, indicating small increases in all three test areas after exercising. These increases were, however, not large enough to reject any of the null-hypotheses of zero effect on the given five per cent significance level.

In a time of increasing urbanization the human tenure effects on the land has lead to a decrease and fragmentation of areas that are valuable to urban wildlife. These actions have had a detrimental effect on the species and habitats that exist in cities and towns.This paper investigates, through the study of relevant literature and the undertaking of interviews and field visits, the role that biodiversity plays in our society. The current attitude towards urban biodiversity and the responsibility for its promotion within the landscape architect profession has been explored.This paper includes three English case studies and a design proposal investigating how one can work to promote biodiversity on a smaller scale.This paper concludes that urban biodiversity is multi-functional ? being of ecological, social and cultural significance. The landscape architecture profession must be aware of the need to combine a variety of different factors such as economical, social and environmental aspects.

The study examined what NHL-teams should improve. This has been done by studying the significant statistics of NHL-seasons, and with linear regression identifying what NHL-teams should do to win many points and thereby get a good placement in the final table. The most interesting result of the study is that the statistics on faceoffs and shots on goal and power play efficiency most seasons where irrelevant for the outcome of a season..

The study examined what NHL-teams should improve. This has been done by studying the significant statistics of NHL-seasons, and with linear regression identifying what NHL-teams should do to win many points and thereby get a good placement in the final table. The most interesting result of the study is that the statistics on faceoffs and shots on goal and power play efficiency most seasons where irrelevant for the outcome of a season..

Äldre patienter som har risk för undernäring eller är undernärda är vanligt förekommande på svenska sjukhus. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva vad sjuksköterskan kan göra för att förebygga undernäring hos äldre patienter (65+) på sjukhus. En beskrivande litteraturstudie genomfördes där författarna granskade elva vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna PubMed och Mosby´s index. Resultatet i studien visade att det finns flera olika mätmetoder för att upptäcka undernäring eller risk för undernäring hos äldre patienter inneliggande på sjukhus.

This review paper summaries scientific research about horse thermoregulation and the consequences of using a blanket. Horse owners put blankets on their horses to protect them when they are clipped, to protect them from bugs, to keep them clean and so on. This can have consequences for the horse which their owners might be unaware of. I have tried to answer following questions by searching the available scientific literature; ? How can the horse maintain thermoregulation? ? Is there a risk of suffering when horses wear a blanket? ? Is there a risk of suffering when horses do not wear a blanket? ? How can animal inspectors estimate the welfare of horses when they wear or do not wear a blanket? My result shows that horses who wear a blanket have an increased risk of becoming overheated, develop a chafing, have an increased exposure hazard and have a restrained natural behaviour.

SAMMANFATTNINGNina Leufstedt & Sofie NilssonHandledare: Lena Stenmalm SjöblomDen viktiga lekenEn studie kring barns leksvårigheterThe importance of playA study about childrens difficulties at playAntal sidor: 33Leken är en stor del i förskolans värld och vi anser därför att det är väldigt viktigt att barn med svårigheter får hjälp tidigt att komma in i lekens trygga värld. Vårt syfte med detta arbete är att uppmärksamma förskolebarn som har svårt att behärska de tre lekreglerna som Birgitta Knutsdotter Olofsson beskriver: samförstånd, ömsesidighet och turtagande. Vidare har vi även ett annat syfte, som är att ta reda på vad förskollärarna beskriver att de gör för att hjälpa barnen. För att nå vårt syfte och komma fram till ett resultat har vi valt observationer på barngruppen och intervjuer med pedagogerna som metoder i arbetet, dock har vi lagt ner mest energi på intervjuerna med förskollärare.Våra observationsresultat visar att barnen signalerar olika då de har svårt att behärska de tre lekreglerna. De visar det genom att stå utanför leken eller förstöra för andra.

Bakgrund: Företag utsätts dagligen för olika former av risk och osäkerhet. Efter2008 års finanskris där många företag hamnade i finansiellttrångmål, då det var oförberedda på finansbubblans konsekvenserblev riskhanteringen inom tjänsteföretag mer uppmärksammat. Huridentifierar och hanterar egentligen tjänsteföretag operativ risk ochtill vilken grad använder dem sig av försäkringar? Och hur förhållersig den praktiska riskhanteringen i relation till akademisk teori?Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa en djupare förståelse i hurtjänsteföretag identifierar och hanterar operativ risk med hjälp avolika försäkringar och sedan jämföra med teori gällanderiskhantering.Metod: En kvalitativ fallstudie som bygger på intervjuer riktade mot ettspecifikt företag för att djupare kunna studerariskhanteringsprocessen och deras hantering i form av försäkringar.Vi har även valt att komplettera med information från företagetsårsredovisningar.Resultat: Resultatet av vår undersökning styrker den teoretiska kopplingen tillpraktiken. När det kommer till begrepp som risk, riskhantering ochriskhanteringsprocess anser vi att det finns ett starkt sambandmellan teorins tolkning av dessa och den praktiska tolkning samttillämpning.

As a consequence of a turbulent financial market with recurring recessions, the Basel regime was developed, an institutional change with the purpose to create enhanced financial stability through increased capital requirements and increased scrutiny of internal procedures. The Basel regime is an often recurring element in social debates where various aspects are discussed, one of which is whether it maintains its purpose to secure financial stability or whether it is cost effective, and if not, who gets affected by these potential costs.The majority of previously conducted research within this area agrees with the opinion that changes in the regulatory framework within the financial markets, such as the Basel regime, has led to reduced risk of bankruptcy for the banks which has contributed to increased global financial stability. However, research illustrates that these types of changes in the regulatory framework impose a financial burden leading to contradictions in the division of these costs between costumers and shareholders. This dissertation has been conducted from a shareholders perspective, out of which the study ?s three hypothesis has been created from.The data in this study is built upon the stock price from the three largest available banks? shares (based on total assets), in the 26 countries which are represented in the Basel committee from (2007) to (2013).

This Thesis aims to explore how to integrate an IT-system for facilitating anorganizations work with Continous Impprovements.This is done here by examining and analyzing the process within a handful ofcompanies who seem to have been successful with their own implementations. Thestudy is focused on the implementation of one particular system, "System C2".Simliarities and differences between the companies, and the established rule of thumbfor these kind of activities are focused upon. This to emphasis how another actormight emulate some of the apparent success.Part of the core question is found in the title, since Continous Improvement is oftenseen as a relativly low-risk activity, is it then also possible to take a low-risk slow pathto the implementation of such a system in the entire organization?.

The study aims to investigate the feasibility of small-scale electricity production with solar electricity systems, also known as PV (photovoltaic) systems, in Australia. Due to the global warming, sustainable energy has in recent years become an increasingly important issue, both internationally and in Australia. With one of the largest dependencies on fossil energy sources in the world, the country's abundant solar radiation is a possible solution to this issue.Both the technical and the economic feasibility of small-scale PV systems were investigated. On the technological side, the electricity generation, distribution and consumption systems were studied. On the economical side, the parameters that drive the profitability of a PV investment were investigated.

Bröstcancer är en sjukdom som ofta bringar lidande och är viktig att förebygga. Utövande av fysisk aktivitet har i tidigare studier visat sig ge en minskad risk för att få bröstcancer. Litteraturstudiens syfte var att skapa en översikt över sambandet mellan fysisk aktivitet och bröstcancer hos kvinnor. Sökning, urval och granskning av artiklar har utförts. Resultatet visade att fysisk aktivitet hade ett starkt samband med minskad risk för att få bröstcancer för både pre- och postmenopausala kvinnor.