Venture capital-bolag tjänar sina pengar genom att investera i företags tidiga utvecklingsskeden, för att senare sälja sin del för en större summa än de investerade. Detta gör att tillfället då venture capital-bolaget säljer är väldigt kritiskt för hur mycket de skall tjäna på sin investering. I detta skede spelar självklart en mängd faktorer in på vilket pris som erhålls. Enligt samtal med flera venture capital-bolag har vi identifierat en faktor som verkar ge extra stora problem; huruvida de skulle genomföra en produktlansering av företagets produkt före de säljer eller om venture capital-bolaget skulle vänta med lanseringen och sälja först. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka hur venture capital-bolags exit via trade sale påverkas av produktlansering i portföljföretag och därigenom ge svar på om venture capital företag ska göra exit före eller efter att portföljföretagets produkt lanserats.

The aim of this study is to examine and analyze how management control mechanisms evolve within an organization when a requirement of return on equity is imposed, as well as why the mechanisms evolve the way they do. A case study was performed on Samhall, a Swedish state-owned company, which has the aim to help people with disabilities develop by providing meaningful work. The framework provided by Samuelsson, defining five means of control in organizations was used to structure the study. Further, theories within New Public Management have been used to provide the reader with a proper background to the research area. Theories from the institutional field of organizational research have also been used to provide further depth to our analysis.

AbstractThe purpose with the study is to see if it is possible to create well functioning and democratic government and parliament in Kosovo, within a near future thru social capital. I have some research questions that will help me reach my purpose: 1. Are Kosovo?s institutions effective and democratic today?2. Does social capital exist in Kosovo today?3.

Uppsatsen behandlar miljöteknikbranschen och venture capital branschen. Vi undersöker vilka investeringsvariabler venture capital investerare intresserar sig för och hur de prioriteras vid investeringsbeslut. Resultaten används för att undersöka hur väl miljöteknikbolagen på den svenska marknaden motsvarar investeringskriterierna. Undersökningen har genomförts kvantitativt genom att enkäter har riktats till 83 venture capital bolag på den svenska marknaden och till 200 miljöteknikbolag. Frågorna har vi ställt i matchande par till respektive bransch för att tydliggöra skillnader och likheter och utan respondenternas vetskap om syftet att matcha branscherna för att undvika vinklade svar.

The purpose of this research is to examine some historical aspects of Robert Putnam?s thesisabout voluntary associations and social capital. According to a micro perspective theory ofsocial capital the trust and reciprocity required and created by associations is important toexplain the disparity between institutional performance and socioeconomic development ofsocieties. The social patterns governing this therefore set a precedent for the future. Using themutual sickness benefit societies in Sweden as variable for voluntary associations around1884, the essay discusses the possible links between social capital, associations and long termeconomic development.

A district heating plant has the advantage that it can take advantage of the waste heat from industries and use of cheap fuels to produce heat. But for the long term is competitive requires that energy is also saved in district heating plants. One way to save energy in a district heating system is to increasing cooling to the return temperature. This leads to less power needed to drive the distribution pumps,  and that more energy could be extracted from the same amount of fuel by an improved flue gas condensation.In Karlskoga the return temperature into the district heating plant is high. They would therefore reduce the return temperature in order to extract more energy from the flue gases.

ABSTRACTSince Robert D. Putnam first wrote about the causes behind the regional differences in economic and political development in Italy, the theory of social capital has truly flourished in the fields of social science. This days you constantly hear politicians and scholars stressing the important role of the quality of the social fabric to a society?s wellbeing. There all looking at ways to construct policies and institutions that help the spread of social capital.

The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze past development of mutual funds in large and small mutual fund companies and see if there are any differences between these two segments. Limitations on the number of funds have been made by choosing Nordic mutual fund companies that invest in emerging markets over an 11-year period. The study is made on 66 mutual funds managed by 13 mutual fund companies in which the segment of small fund companies includes seven fund companies with assets under management less than 100 billion SEK and the segment of large mutual fund companies includes six fund companies with assets under management more than 400 billion SEK. In the comparison of the segments the Sharpe ratio has been used to calculate the risk-adjusted return. The study shows small differences of the risk-adjusted return between the segments.

The harmonization within EC Company Law has been relativley successful. Despite its relative success; important differences still remains in European company law.The freedom of establishment itself, and the ECJ?s interpretation of the freedom provides European companies with a substantial cross-border mobility. As a consequence of this mobility, together with the differences in national legislation; mandatory rules in company law can be easily evaded. A typical example of this is that a Swedish enterprise, by running their business through a British private limited company, can escape the Swedish legislation on capital contributions when forming a company with limited liability for its members.

Background: The growth of the venture capital industry has given birth to new relations between investors and entrepreneurial firms. Venture capital firms are by definition investors serving as an active partner which implies a deeper relation between investors and entrepreneurs than has been the case previously. This new situation leads to a number of questions. Do venture capitalists really act as active partners with a long term interest in the venture? Do they add any value besides capital? How important is their influence in the portfolio company's decision making process? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to give a deeper understanding of the relation between venture capital firms and IT companies in the start-up phase.

Den här uppsatsen syftar till att redogöra för i vilken mån Sveriges storföretag prioriterar arbetet med att optimera sitt rörelsekapital. Studien var av en explorativ sort där målet var att identifiera och uppmärksamma tidigare okända mönster och samband angående hur kapitalrationaliseringsarbetet utförs utifrån perspektiven fokus, ansvar och mätningar.Informationen som studien bygger på inhämtades genom en enkätundersökning som skickades ut till CFO:n på de 200 största svenska företagen rankade efter omsättning, exkluderat finansiella företag. Svarsfrekvens bland respondenterna blev 25 % då exakt 50 företag valde att svara på enkätutskicket. Enkäten skickades elektroniskt och besvarades genom att svara på ett webbaserat program.Resultatet från studien visade att majoriteten av Sveriges största företag prioriterar Working Capital Management. Till vilken nivå de väljer att fokusera på Working Capital Management beror på det enskilda företagets förutsättningar som till exempel vilken bransch de opererar inom..

The aim with this study is to investigate the market reactions to announcements of special dividends and redemptions in Sweden and thus if these announcements can signal information. This study is an event study, where the event is the day of the announcement of a suggestion regarding issuance of special dividends or redemptions. The abnormal returns were estimated for two samples with the market adjusted returns model, one including special dividend announcing firms and the other redemption announcing firms. The signalling hypothesis and the hypothesis of a tax induced clientele effect are the most important hypotheses for this study. The efficient market hypothesis is another theoretical base that may explain the market reactions to the studied announcements, especially the pre-announcement activities that may occur.

The aim of this paper is to study intra household allocation of capital income by using data on Swedish observations. The 1991 tax reform was to change the taxation on capital income from a progressive to a flat tax system. Before the tax reform there were incentives to allocate capital income to the spouses with the lowest income of labor in order to reduce the total tax burden. The data describes the year of 1989 and 1993, those we choose to examine. Using Swedish data from LINDA database we estimate a quotient by ordinary least squares (OLS) regression.

The objective of a site leasehold is to allow the lessee to occupy a specific plot of land. In return, the lessor imposes an annual ground rent. The ground rent ownership gives the lessor the possibility to capture the increasing in land value. As such, the rent is based on the value of the land multiplied with a percentage that reflects the yield of the land value. It is renegotiated every ten years.

Title: Competitive Advantages in Professional Football Cubs ? A Resource-Based Analysis Authors: Daniel Grass, Mattias Holst, Bengt Jönsson Semester: Spring 2001 Supervisors: Leif Edvinsson, Allan T. Malm Problem: In order to be a successful football club, the management team has to consider a variety of business issues. Since money is having such an impact on the football industry of today, the financial status of the clubs sets the condition for how clubs are able to achieve their main objective, i.e. to be successful on the football field.