Migration and giving birth are crucial decisions for animals during their life cycle, which may have lasting consequences on their population demography and fitness. Migration can entail a variety of possible effects for an individual, such as access to high quality food and reduced risk for predation. The moose (Alces alces) in northern Sweden is partially migratory and moose females are known to give birth to one or two calves. The synchrony between time of calving and timing of migration has not been compared before, especially in terms of energy maximizing and time minimizing perspectives, which may provide vital cues for fitness benefits of migration. I investigated effect of timing of birth and individual life history on distance, timing, stopovers and duration of 190 individually marked female moose that have been tracked for multiple years in ten different areas in northern Sweden.

Förlossningsbrev började användas under slutet av 1970-talet som en motreaktion för den allt mer medicinskt inriktade förlossningen och blev ett sätt för kvinnorna att hävda sin rätt. Det är vetenskapligt bevisat att förlossningsbrev hjälper kvinnan och hennes partner att förbereda sig inför förlossningen genom att reflektera över känslor och önskemål. På förlossningsavdelningen förekommer brevet relativt ofta och det är av största vikt att barnmorskan bemöter innehållet med respekt. Majoriteten av den forskning som gjorts fokuserar på kvinnans upplevelser av förlossningsbrev, därav uppstod intresse att undersöka förlossningsbrevets betydelse ur barnmorskans perspektiv. Syftet med studien är att beskriva barnmorskors inställning till och tankar kring förlossningsbrev.

Syftet med litteraturstudien är att undersöka arbetssätt som påverkar till en ökad tillit till vård och omsorg samt till vårdpersonal inom missbruk- och beroendevård. Metoden för utförandet av litteraturstudien utgick från artikelsökning i två olika databaser Trust, "Substance Abuse Treatment", ?Substance-Related Disorders?, ?Substance abuse?, ?Motivational Interviewing? & ?Case Management?. Samtliga artiklar granskades utifrån Göteborgs Universitet, institutionen för vårdvetenskap och hälsas mall för granskning av artiklar och tre olika kategorier skapades. Resultatet baserades på nio kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar som berör tillit mellan vården och patienten, Case managements förbättring av organisationen kring patienten och motiverande samtal påverkan på motivation till behandling.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att belysa behandlares uppfattningar om syskon och partners upplevelser av att ha en nära person med en ätstörning, samt betydelsen av att involvera dem i den drabbades behandling. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod där semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes med 6 behandlare på olika ätstörningsverksamheter i Sverige. Resultat och slutsats visade att syskon och partners, samt andra närstående, är betydelsefulla för patientens tillfriskande. Det är viktigt att syskon och partners involveras i behandling, och att de får information om sjukdom och behandling. Syskon ska inte anta en ansvarsroll, medan partner behöver ta ett visst ansvar i vardagen.

The main aim of this essay was to find out what kind of advantages and/or disadvantages giving marks in pupils order and behaviour can cause for their development of knowledge and emotional and social skills. We let teachers answer a questionnaire about giving marks in pupils order and behaviour. We have also interviewed one person that was involved to prepare the latest curriculum in 1994, Lpo 94, and they decided that Swedish teachers do not have the right competence to judge ones order or behaviour. We have also looked at different theories about: mark as motivation, mark as information, mark as control, self-fulfilling prophecy, emotional disorders and gender, with whom we analyse the fact to give marks in order and behaviour.What we can establish is that giving marks in pupils order and behaviour seems to bring more disadvantages than advantages. Boys mature later than girls and have there for, in general, not as good behaviour as the girls have in the classroom.

To be able to provide the growing human population with food, the productivity of the animals as well as land use needs to be improved and intensified. Hence, understanding the behavior of animals is crucial both for animal welfare and productivity as well as the management of the cattle. There are many factors affecting the grazing behavior of cattle in tropical conditions, such as human-animal interactions, herd management, breed, season and temperature. The purpose of this study was to investigate the grazing behavior of two tropical cattle breeds, Ankole and Boran cattle. Kenyan Boran belongs to a zebu type of cattle and is preferred to many other breeds due to the higher productive and reproductive capacity and adaptability to tropical conditions.

Whiplash är en beskrivning av en rörelse som sker i cervikalryggen då kroppen utsätts för ett våld som ofta uppstår vid en trafikolycka. Rörelsen kan resultera i skador på skelett eller mjukdelar, vilket kan resultera i ett flertal symptom. Dessa symptom kan kvarstå hela livet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka och beskriva vilka sjukgymnastiska behandlingsmetoder som används vid akut och subakut Whiplash Assocated Disorders, WAD och behandlingsmetodernas effekt på dessa. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie av vetenskapliga publikationer, genom sökning i AMED, Cinahl, Pubmed, PEDro och Cochrane Library.

The aim of this literature review was to investigate whether the modern dairy cow has the time she needs to lie down and to sleep and what deprivation of these behaviors could lead to. Current research seems to agree on the fact that sleep is essential but there is no uniform explanation of the function of sleep, even though there are many theories. It is known that sleep has an important impact on the immune system and that sleep is increased in case of an infection. Sleep deprivation causes many negative effects including reduced function off the immune defense, increased metabolic activity, malnutrition and increased heart rate. It has also been found that deprivation of sleep could cause increased mortality.

Unhealthiness is not just a damaged back or asbestos. The fact that mental ill-health seems to increase in our society is well known. Statistics from Arbetsmiljöverket proves a fourfold increase of work-related disorders since 1997. These are primarily caused by organizational and social factors, 60% are considered caused by stress and a heavy workload. Sick leave due work related fatigue and depressions are scarily common today.

Abstract The main subject of this essay is conflicts at work and the effect it has on the employee´s health.  I can through various reports read that bad health at workplaces is too high and that conflicts are a reason. What can be done to the work environment so it will be better from a psychosocial perspective? Sweden has a regulation that makes the employer responsible to work for an improvement in the work environment; can these regulations be used in purpose to reduce conflicts?My first question concerns the possibility to establish preventive procedures in the workplace systematic work regarding to improve the work environment. My second question is about the obligations of the employer to attempt to reduce conflicts at the workplace and the third question regards the documenting and monitoring of conflicts and the preventing work to reduce them. The purpose of this essay is to clarify how conflict preventive work can be included in the Systematic work environment management.

The fertility of dairy cows is of great importance in order to maintain high production. The decline in fertility of dairy cows the latest decades can have several explanations. The large emphasis on high yielding cows and the negative genetic correlation between milk production and fertility traits could be one of the main factors for impaired fertility. To find heats and inseminate the cow at the right time is crucial to receive high conception rate. Delaval has, in corporation with FOSS, developed Herd Navigator which is a management program that measure four biological parameters in the milk; progesterone, betahydroxybutyrate, lactate dehydrogenase and urea.

Bakgrund: Ätstörningar är den tredje vanligaste sjukdomen i västvärlden bland unga kvinnor efter astma och fetma. Av de personer som drabbas utav Anorexia Nervosa avlider drygt 10 % till följd av sjukdomen. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att vårdas för sjukdomen Anorexia Nervosa. Metod: Denna studie genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod och en narrativ analys. Datainsamlingen grundades på fyra självbiografier, skrivna av kvinnor som hade drabbats av och vårdats för Anorexia Nervosa.

The field rehabilitation in veterinary medicine has expanded over the past ten years. Animalswith disorders in the musculoskeletal system are often treated. The methods used lacksufficient scientific documentation; however claim to affect the animal's function in a positiveway. In order to investigate the efficacy of different rehabilitation modalities, it is important touse validated evaluation tolls. Therefore, a literature study on pain, pain-scales and functionaltest was performed together a pilot study on a functional test.The aim of the present pilot-study was to investigate a functional test, "Bioarth functionalevaluation scale", used in veterinary medicine.

Earlier studies shows that democracy within the preschool is an important and on-going work, but could implicate certain consequences. For example that goals regarding democracy and influence in the preschool, rarely is done in practice but instead remains just words on a paper. It could also mean that the pedagogues lack education and knowledge within the area, but also how they react to the influence of children. Preschool is expected to be a place for all children, no matter what luggage the child is carrying. The luggage is filled with the life experience, the personality and in this case the needs that the child has. The needs could be anything from nearness to physical and psychological disorders that requires more pedagogical attention.

Skin temperature is detected through signals in unmyelinated C-fibers and thin myelinated A?-fibers in the peripheral and central nervous system. Disorders in thin nerve fibres are important and not rare but difficult to diagnose by the most common neurophysiological methods. In this pilot study different methods for quantitative sensory testing, QST, were compared to give some ideas about which method could be the most efficient to use in order to point out injuries of the sensory system in clinical practice. The comparison was made between Békésy (separate warmand cold thresholds) and Marstock test (combined warm and cold thresholds).