Syfte: Studiens syfte var att reliabilitetspröva stabiliteten för M-SES för patienter med långvarig smärta genom test-retest metoden. Syftet var även att undersöka samtidig validitet för M-SES, genom att utföra M-SES och SES mätt vid samma tillfälle.Metod: I studien undersöktes self-efficacy instrumentet M-SES på Uppsala Akademiska sjukhus, på avdelningarna för Smärtcentrum och Smärtrehabilitering. Frågeställningarna berörde vilken stabilitets reliabilitet mätt med test-retest som förelåg hos M-SES, samt vilken grad av samtidig validitet som förelåg för M-SES korrelerat med SES. Den slutliga undersökningsgruppen bestod i frågeställningen om stabilitets reliabilitet av 29 patienter (23 kvinnor, sex män), och i frågeställning om samtidig validitet av 22 patienter (17 kvinnor, fem män).Resultat: Vid prövning av stabilitets reliabilitet för M-SES visade resultatet en stark korrelation, med korrelationskoefficient 0,92 och p<0,05. Det förelåg även en god överrensstämmelse för test-retest undersökningen.

Syfte och frågeställningarSyftet med undersökningen har varit att jämföra två olika styrketräningsmetoder med olika grader av ocklusion för träning av musculus (m.) biceps brachii med avseende på styrka och hypertrofi.- Vilken av de två träningsmetoderna påverkar mest effektivt biceps brachiis styrkeutveckling?- Vilken av de två träningsmetoderna påverkar mest effektivt biceps brachiis storlek?MetodSju manliga försökspersoner fördelade på två grupper (tre i relaxationsgruppen, fyra i kontraktionsgruppen) fick genomgå två tester för att mäta maximal styrka i m. biceps brachii samt ett test för att mäta överarmens omkrets. Därefter fick de träna specifik bicepsträning tre gånger i veckan under fem veckor för att åter testas. Skillnaden i träning för de båda grupperna bestod av en tydlig relaxation (avslappning) en gång under varje rörelsecykel för relaxationsgruppen (relaxationen varade i ca en sekund och utfördes då hanteln var längst ner i rörelsen) medan kontraktionsgruppen ombeddes att kontrahera (spänna) muskeln under hela rörelseförloppet.

SammanfattningSyfte och frågeställningar. Syftet med denna studie var att på äldre personer studera olika fysiologiska parametrar före och efter en period på åtta veckor med styrketräning som utförs tre gånger i veckan. Frågeställningarna var: Hur påverkas statisk och dynamisk maximal styrka i främre lårmuskulaturen av styrketräning? Är det någon skillnad i resultat mellan koncentrisk och excentrisk styrka i lårmuskulaturen före och efter styrketräningsperioden? Är det någon skillnad i förändring mellan benstyrka uppmätt med isokinetisk teknik jämfört med uthållighetsstyrka och ett kort funktionellt benstyrketest? Hur påverkas maximal syreupptagningsförmåga registrerad via submaximalt cykeltest respektive vid pyramidtestet av träningsperioden?Metod. I studien deltog 20 generellt ej påtagligt aktiva män och kvinnor i åldrarna 66-79 år.

Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka de fysiologiska effekterna av kombinationsträning, innefattande styrketräning, contrast complex training (CCT) kombinerat med intervallträning i form av upprepade kortare sprintar (ca 6 s) (RSE) eller längre (30 s) högintensiva intervaller (HIIT) hos handbollsspelare i herrelit, under tävlingssäsong.Metod: Under 12 veckor, i tävlingssäsong, genomförde 15 elithandbollsherrar, utöver sin vanliga handbollsträning antingen RSE (n=8) bestående av 10 repetitioner av shuttle sprintar (2 x 15 m) med start varje minut och med passiv vila eller HIIT (n=7) bestående av 5 reps av 30-s all-out sprintar med riktningsförändringar. Båda grupperna genomförde ocksåCCT bestående av 3 set med 3 övningar (3 x knäböj 90 % av 1RM, 6 x jump squat med 50 % av kroppsvikten, 6 x dropp jump från 30 cm Pre- och posttesterna inkluderade jump squat (JS) (RFD (Ns/kg)), 5 jump for distance test (5JT) (m), 30m sprint (5m (s), 20-30m (m/s), repeated shuttle sprint ability test (RSSA) (RSA Bäst, Sämst, Tot (s) samt beräknat trötthetindexFI (%), Sdec (%)), 1 RM knäböj (koncentrisk) (kg/kg kroppsvikt), Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (YYIRT 1)(m) and maximal syreupptagningstest (VO2max) (l O2/min, ml·kg-0.75·min-1). Resultat: Båda grupperna ökade signifikant maxstyrkan i knäböj, RSE gruppen (8,8 %) mer än HITT (7,4 %) (p<0.01). I motsats visade HIIT gruppen större förbättringar i rate of force development (RFD) (63,3 %) än RSE (56,3 %) (p<0,05). VO2max ökade signifikant och likartat i båda grupperna (~2%).

The aim of our master thesis is to study the way valuation of real estate is conducted by real estate companies. Furthermore we want to identify the factors that affect the relevance and reliability of the valuation. The reason for this is the introduction of IFRS, in 2005, and the application of the IAS 40 rules stating that real estate are to be recognized at fair value on the balance sheet. To do this we have performed a case study on 10 Swedish real estate compa-nies listed on the Stockholm stock exchange, OMX, Large Cap and Mid Cap list to see how the share value has performed in relation to the reported net asset value since 2005 and how they value their collection of properties. We also studied the assumptions made by real estate company analysts.

A debate in finance is whether a random investment gives the same return as carefully choose and valuing an amount of shares to invest in. Stock valuating Stock valuation is often done by fundamental valuation models, based on the company's underlying character, which tries to put a correct price on the stock. Today there are several different valuation models that can be used for this purpose. Since valuation models are only mathematical, equity research is underpinned by more subjective assessments about the company and its future.The purpose with this thesis is to describe which valuation models that are used by professional stock analysts, but also to see if the reliability on the equity research is affected by the used model to valuing the company. Furthermore, we want to see if the job that?s been done to understand the company, measured by the equity research quality, impact the reliability on the equity research.In this thesis, we have, to achieve our purpose, conducted a quantitative content analysis of 164 equity research done by professional analysts at firms listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. With basis in previous research, we have developed a method for determining the valuation model that is used in the equity research, the reliability on the equity research and a framework for assessing the quality of the equity research.In the theoretical framework the valuation models involved in our study are described, previous research on the reliability on the equity research and their practical use.

Test is an area in system development. Test can be performed manually or automated. Test activities can be supported by Word documents and Excel sheets for documenting and executing test cases and as well for follow up, but there are also new test tools designed to support and facilitate the testing process and the activities of the test. This study has described manual test and identified strengths and weaknesses of manual testing with a testing tool called Microsoft Test Manager (MTM) and of manual testing using test cases and test log templates developed by the testers at Sogeti. The result that emerged from the problem and strength analysis and the analysis of literature studies and firsthand experiences (in terms of creating, documenting and executing test cases) addresses the issue of the following weaknesses and strengths.

Test bench for air bearingsThis thesis work consisted of bringing forward and defining the test parameters relevant for a test bench and constructing a test bench that can test and verify the largest existing air bearings that are of use in Micronic Laser Systems AB machines. Because the knowledge about air bearings is limited it is thought that with the help of the test bench the knowledge would increase and in that way improve the air bearings.After learning more about air bearings and their purpose at Micronic Laser Systems AB, I started the concept phase for the test bench. For each part in the test bench I consulted my two tutors, Torbjörn Hedevärn and Johan Bergqvist, at Micronic Laser Systems AB. The final concepts where documented as 3D-modells in Solidworks and some of them have been tested in Solidworks FEM-program.The test bench is designed so that, with the help of a pneumatic cylinder, 25 kilo weights are placed on the air bearing to test its stiffness, damping and the pressure performance under its surface area. To test these parameters the test bench has to have a pressure meter, accelerometer and a microcator.

This paper investigates the usability of the intelligence test Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV). Twenty four children in two different age-groups were tested with WNV, 10 children between ages 5 - 6, and 14 children between ages 9 - 10. The WNV turned out to be a useful test when some verbal communication was used in the test situation. This was especially apparent among the younger children, who needed extra verbal instructions and verbal support through the different subtests. The test also contained standardized verbal instructions for all ages.

During the 8th and 9th of January 2005 a devastating storm named Gudrun entered the south of Sweden and a big part of the forest owners got their forests damaged. The study objective was to investigate on which basis and how the affected forest owners made their managment decisions immediately after the storm and if there are any differences between different categories of forest owners. - Members ? non members in a forest owner association (FOA) - Resident owners ? non resident owners - Female and male forest owner The study is based on a questionnaire survey with the purpose to examine the most important counsellor and information channels of the forest owners. A total of 450 forest owners participated in the survey. Results show that all categories of forest owners prefer professional counselling rather than personal counselling.

Introduction: A complex interaction between muscles, tendons, bones, joints and nerves are required for optimal function of the human hand. It is known that an individual?s grip strength is vital for performance of physical demanding tasks such as strength training with free weights. Strength training including a thicker grip around the bar may enhance the strength of the grip in the athlete without other special routines for grip strength development. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the difference in performance in multiple repetitions in two strength training exercises using two different sizes on the bar, to look for correlations between grip strength of the subjects hand and the amount of repetitions executed with two different size of the bar and finally the correlation of hand size and the amount of repetitions executed with two different size of the bar.Method: 15 strength training men (23,9 ± 4,1 years), underwent measurements of hand size, maximum grip strength, 1 repetition maximum (1RM), a 80 % of 1RM weight strength test with two different  bar sizes.Results: The results from the present investigation indicates a 21,1 % reduction of 80 % of 1 RM weight performance in repetitions executed in the bench press with the thicker diameter of the bar and a 66,2 % reduction in repetitions executed with a 80 % of 1 RM weight in the lying bench row with the thicker diameter of the bar.

SammanfattningSyfte och frågeställningarSyftet med studien var att i ett test-retest utvärdera tillförlitligheten i den nyutvecklade kraftmätaren ISOP vad gäller isometrisk muskelkraft i handledens tre rörelseplan. Den frågeställning som låg till grund för studien var följande:Föreligger det någon signifikant skillnad i uppmätta värden vid upprepade mätningar av handledskraft vid två separata testtillfällen (s.k. ?test-retest?)?MetodEtt test-retest utfördes på 20 stycken testpersoner (tio kvinnor/tio män, ålder 28-48 år, medelvärde 38,6 år), utan tidigare hand- eller handledsskada. Åtta mätningar utfördes i sex olika handledsriktningar: flexion, extension, radialdeviation, ulnardeviation, pronation och supination av dominant hand samt flexion och extension av icke-dominant hand.

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to investigate the statistical properties of a self-assessment instrument for depression, Känsloläge, with regard to validity, reliability and factor structure. Method: The data collection method used for the study was mail questionnaires. The sample consisted of patients who had received treatment for heart failure, arrhythmic disorders or coronary heart disease at a hospital in Uppsala, Sweden. The study population consisted of 53 patients. The self assessment form?s validity was analyzed by measuring the criterion validity.

A personality test is a useful tool in recruitment contexts. Studies have shown that participants distort their answers in a socially desirable manner. The purpose of this study was to investigate if people respond more or less socially desirable depending on how they rate themselves in a personality test, based on the "big five" personality dimensions.Eighty people, (40 women and 40 men), 19-42 years, (M= 24,1 SD= 3,76) rated themselves on a personality test. Group one, (20 women and 20 men) completed the test on paper. Group two, (20 women and 20 men) completed the test verbally.

With increasing wine consumption and a growing assortment at available to Swedish consumers, there is an interest in understanding the decision making process of Swedish wine consumers. In this thesis the expert phenomenon is studied with respect to wine through wine critic reliability: grading objectivity, understanding the process of wine criticism and possible critic influence on consumer behavior. Two studies were performed; a qualitative in-depth session of interviews with industry connoisseurs and a quantitative analysis of 589 online wine reviews. Our results indicate that wine reviews are highly subjective and defy prediction through analysis of external variables. Critics are likely to judge differently based on what information they have at hand, suggesting that expectations affect grading.