This paper discusses whether the main argument for European countries to stay out of the euro, i.e. the loss in stability from not having a national monetary policy that can be used for stabilization purposes, is still valid ten years after the introduction of the single currency. We analyse the stabilization performances of four largely comparable Nordic countries that have all chosen different levels of European economic integration. In retrospect, the so-called ?stabilization policy argument? seems surprisingly weak.

Klimatfra?gan a?r na?got som diskuteras pa? alla niva?er, o?verallt i samha?llet, a?nda fra?n dagliga matinko?p till teoretisk niva? pa? den internationella arenan. Fra?gan genomsyrar hela samha?llet, sa? a?ven den fysiska planeringen. Klimatfo?ra?ndringen fo?r med sig en stor ma?ngd effekter pa? natur och samha?lle, en av dessa a?r stigande havsniva?.

The employer is obligated to call for negotiation on his own initiative, before he makes decisions in questions, which constitute important changes of the employer?s business or of the worker?s working conditions and terms of employment. The obligation to negotiate is reserved to the organisations, which the employer has collective agreements with. But what does the concept of important changes mean? What areas are included in the concept of important changes, according to legal framework and case law? How extensive is in fact the employer?s obligation to negotiate? The purpose of this report has been to seek answers to the above-mentioned questions, through partly describing how the employer?s obligation to negotiate has developed, and partly describing how the codes of negotiations in the Employment (Co-Determination in the Workplace) Act of 1976 are raised and applied.

I samband med klimatdebatten har flygbranschen blivit starkt kritiserad för utsläppen av koldioxid. Vissa flygbolag har infört frivilliga koldioxidkompensationssystem för sina flygresenärer, i syfte att hantera dessa utsläpp. Vårt syfte är att analysera flygresenärers attityder till frivilliga koldioxidkompensationssystem för att diskutera möjligheten till samverkan inom miljöområdet mellan flygbolag och flygresenärer. Uppsatsen baseras på en enkätundersäkning bland 300 flygresenärer och på tre intervjuer med chefer inom SAS Danmark. Analysen görs utifrån teorier om CSR och co-creation mellan företag och kunder.

This thesis is about university spin-offs and the competition in high technology industries. In the light of efforts to increase the competitiveness of the European Union, an effective transfer of cutting edge technology from universities to the industry plays an important role. University spin-offs, start-ups founded to exploit academic inventions, are likely to face considerable market entry barriers. This is among other reasons due to high capital requirements for further technology development and lack of complementary resources. With a combination of relevant literature and empirical investigation, commercialisation of technologies within spin-offs is investigated and analysed.

Visby is a city that at first glance is of medieval origins. The popular image of scientists today is that the city was formed in the Middle Ages. According to some of the researchers Visby was formed during the Viking Age, it is based on the basis that the area has been used for a long period. Urban development in the Nordic countries is complex and there are different opinions as to why the Nordic cities emerge. It is important to shed light on the underlying process on why cities are emerging to provide clarity as to why Visby city is emerging.

Background: One of the largest direct selling companies Amway "AmericanWay", which has its foothold in the market economy by means of direct trade. This means that the marketing is in the form of a network made up of various individuals who work together to advertise the company on to various potential customers.Aim: The survey aims to study the factors that are affecting the company Amway's growth.Completion: The survey is based on analyzing the interviews. The authors have relied on the qualitative method, where they have focused on how growth has increased the company Amway.Results: The results of this study are that Amway gradually managed to establish themselves globally thanks to the quality of the products they sell in a functioning market. The study also shows that all member customers are satisfied with the goods they buy from ABO groups, and that Amway's structure is not based on a pyramid scheme..

Östersjöregionen är en av Europas snabbast växande regioner och Blekinge har ett strategiskt läge mitt i denna expansiva region. Studien behandlar Sydöstra Östersjöregionens utveckling och belyser de tre INTERREG-projekten Seagull, SEB Trans-Link och Baltic Gateway ur ett robusthetsperspektiv. En robusthetsanalys med hänsyn till tekniska, ekologiska och sociala aspekter görs med utgångspunkt från identifierade regionala riskfaktorer samt de effekter INTERREG-projekten förväntas få på Blekinge. Resultaten från analysen jämförs sedan med Blekingestrategin och slutligen presenteras föreslagna prioriteringar för att uppnå ett robustare Blekinge..

In this paper I have tried to find out the reason the medieval town of Vä was created. I have studied several different areas in witch all, in one way or another, have had an effect on the making of Vä. This areas includes topography, iron production, mill handling, religious effects, royal affliction and also if the name Vä could tell something about Väs history as a religious cult. I have also looked at two other places not far from Vä, the medieval harbour town Åhus and the big village of Fjälkinge. By comparing these three places I tried to find out what Vä had that the other places did not, which made Vä turn in to a town.

The thesis analyzes the making of Nordic identity after the cold war which brought an end to Nordic exclusiveness of emphasizing ?soft power?. A need for a revitalization combined with an effort to enter History as an active subject, created constructivist project of a narrative style.My study relies on contemporary literature, focusing mainly on the construction of Nordic identity and regional cooperation in the 1990: s.I argue that Nordic identity was, and still is, determined of its comparable weakness in regard to the superpowers of the cold war, and, nowadays, to the EU.The architects of establishing a new Nordic identity, able to challenge a new Europe, fails in their effort, and what is left of their endeavour are separate states, each following their own agenda..

E-business innebär att företag använder Internetteknologier eller nätverksteknologier för att skapa större affärsnytta i deras affärsprocesser. För att kunna genomföra automatiserade affärsprocesser krävs att de olika system som används är interoperabla, d v s kan kommunicera och fungera ihop på ett effektivt sätt. Målet med Web Services är att skapa hög interoperabilitet, vilket gör denna teknik lämplig för e-business. Företag kan specialicera sig på att skapa specifika Web Services. Dessa Web Services kan sedan vara byggstenar åt andra företags tjänster.

Uppsatsen behandlar varumärkesutvidgning från vara till tjänst där tjänsteerbjudandets särdrag antas påverka utvidgningens styrning i jämförelse med en varumärkesutvidgning från vara till vara. Varumärkesutvidgningsforskningen brister eftersom den varken beaktar att eller hur tjänsters särskiljande drag påverkar varumärkesutvidgningsprocessen. Det är detta kunskapsgap som uppsatsen behandlar. Syftet är att identifiera och analysera särskiljande drag i varumärkesutvidgningsprocessen när utvidgningen utförs från vara till tjänst jämfört med från vara till vara.Resultatet av uppsatsen är att ett särdrag i form av ett behov att omdefiniera varumärket utifrån en tjänstedefinition har identifierats. Detta är av vikt då varumärkets image annars lämnas utsatt för de risker en ouppmärksammad nyckelfaktor, i form av serviceprocessen, kan medföra..

This Master?s thesis concerns the question why a public library establishes a special room for young people and how the young people can influence the activities. I have made interviews with two librarians and four teenagers from a reference group. I have also made an observation of the room. The most important theories are Pierre Bourdieu?stheory of symbolic capital and Mats Lieberg?s theory of free zones.

Parallel imports often lead to lowered prices and is therefore regarded as good from a consumer's point of view. From a business'point of view this is not always the case. When do parallel imports occur? Is it possible to prevent parallel imports to protect an introduction of a product in another member state? The purpose of this thesis is to present situations where parallel imports occur and to see if it is compatible with competition law to prevent parallel imports. Furthermore I will analyse the future development after the group exemption of vertical restraints enters into force in June 2000.

This paper examines how organizations work with their recruitment. The organizations in thispaper are mined in the trade of recruiting and staffing. The paper will further influence howorganizations work or will work with recruiting through social medias. It describes therecruiting process in the traditional way and what costs it brings. The next part is a descriptionof network and the importance of networking in a general way.Our results demonstrate that social medias probably will stay as a complement to other moretraditional methods and will not be an own recruiting method.