The purpose of the following essay is to analyze how the Swedish regional policy has been influenced by the regional policy in the EU. The study builds on the theoretical framework that is Europeanization, the top-down approach, which stipulates where you can find evidence of this influence. To obtain the information that I needed to answer my question formulations, which main question formulation are; in which way has the EU regional policy influenced the Swedish regional policy? I used the method of literature analysis. Both the theoretical framework alongside the chosen method pointed me to analyze the public debate in Sweden in the regional question.

Introduktion: Många studier i ämnet musiklyssning under anestesi beskriver hur fysiologiska parametrar påverkas hos patienter som får lyssna på musik under en operation. Kvalitativa studier saknas som beskriver hur patienten upplever att få lyssna på musik under anestesi. En omvårdnadsteoretiker, vars teori studeras, utgör bakgrunden till de vårdvetenskapliga utgångspunkterna. Begrepp som lidande och trygghet lyfts fram och sätts i relation till ämnet.Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att lyssna på musik under en handoperation i regionalanestesi.Metod: Pilotstudie med två deltagare, en man och en kvinna, konsekutivt utvalda. Intervjuerna analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys vilket består av identifiering, kodning samt skapande av kategorier i en text för att få fram en bakomliggande innebörd i en texts innehåll.Resultat: Analysen av intervjuerna resulterade i fyra olika kategorier om hur patienterna upplevde att få lyssna på musik under anestesi.

Nilsson, Johan (2007) Nödvändigt men inte tillräckligt ? En studie om sambanden mellan infrastruktur och regional utveckling. [Necessary but not sufficient ? a study about the connections between infrastructure and regional development]D-uppsats 10 poäng, fördjupningskurs i kulturgeografiHandledare: Bo MalmbergSpråk: SvenskaKORTFATTAD SAMMANFATTNINGUppsatsens syfte är att återge diskussionerna kring de påstådda sambanden mellan infrastruktur och regional utveckling samt att undersöka om sådana samband finns. Teorierna grundar sig på konvergens och divergens samt hypoteser kring nätverk.

The reasons for hypothermia during general anaesthesia are many and varied. The lowered body temperature causes negative physiological effects and leads to discomfort for the animal during the recovery period. This student report is a combination of field study and literature review. In the field study the changes in ambient temperature and the rectal temperature of dogs were monitored during general anaesthesia. The purpose of the study was to see if the body temperature of dogs was reduced during general anaesthesia.

Today there is a keen competition between regions in the world for companies and inhabitants in order to improve regional development and economic growth. In many regions there is an active effort to create a good home base for companies and inhabitants. Since 2003 municipalities in nine counties in Sweden have come together in co-operative agencies in order to work towards more efficient regional development.This essay focuses on the relation between the state and the co-operative agencies in the regional development policy and which possibilities the state gives the co-operative agencies to pursue an efficient regional development policy, both legally and financially. I have researched and analysed this through models and ideas on how the state governs the administration and through the translation theory. The result of my study is that the co-operative agencies have a relatively large amount of freedom to make there own priorities, but the ability to act efficiently within regional development is limited..

This study is based on previous research concluding that sub-national actors now function on a complex arena where the nation state is not the sole and self-evident channel to the European Union. Based on that assumption, the thesis is intended to create understanding of the nature of the relationship between the West Sweden regional office and its Värmland commissioners in the case of regional action.The relationship between the regional office and its members was examined in a case study of open consultation around the EU?s new EU 2020 strategy. The questions posed in the thesis are answered by interviews with representatives of West Sweden and certain Värmland members of that organization. The results of the interviews were then analyzed based on a fusion perspective, which addresses various indicators for regional action.The results of the study show that the West Sweden regional office can assume a clearer role in regional influencing, but also that Region Värmland plays an important role in influencing the EU.

The craft of planners are planning for a better future. Knowledge about climate change, environment, health and availability effects the trend towards less car dependent societies in favour of public transport and active transport like walking and biking. This study takes place in Västerbotten, one of Sweden?s most north provinces with a population of 260 000 inhabitants. It is a sparsely populated area with two dominant cities, the other municipalities are largely unpopulated.

Bakgrund: Att sövas är en av de mest stressfyllda erfarenheter ett barn kan få i samband medsjukhusvistelse. Perioperativ oro är relaterad till postoperativ smärta och negativa postoperativabeteendeförändringar.Syfte: Att belysa hur barns oro inför anestesi och operation kan förebyggas med andra metoder änfarmakologiska.Metod: En litteraturstudie där resultatet är baserat på 11 vetenskapliga artiklar publicerade mellan2000- 2010.Resultat: Distraktion i form av clowner och dataspel har visat sig minska barnets oro inför anestesioch operation. Familjefokuserad förberedelse i både skriftlig och muntlig form och terapeutisk lekminskar också barns oro. En tyst och lugn miljö bidrar till en lugnare insomning och även alternativmedicin i form av akupressur ger samma resultat.Slutsats: Med ganska enkla metoder kan barns oro inför anestesi och operation förebyggas. Alla destuderade metoderna har visat sig minska barns oro i jämförelse med det standardiseradeomhändertagandet..

Barn som ska opereras upplever den okända situationen som stressfylld och obehaglig. Denna litteraturstudies syfte var att belysa vad anestesisjuksköterskan kan göra för att minska oro och rädsla för barn och föräldrar i samband med anestesi. Efter analys av 16 artiklar blev resultatet fyra kategorier; information, åtgärder i förberedelsefasen, åtgärder vid anestesitillfället och bedömning av oro. Informationen ska vara omfattande och detaljrik och även beröra den postoperativa smärtlindringen. Internetprogram kan vara bra komplement till traditionell information.

Att sövas inför en operation innebär att lämna över kontrollen av sina livsfunktioner och är en situation många patienter känner oro inför. För att kunna utveckla anestesisjuksköterskans preoperativa omhändertagande är kunskap om patienters upplevelser av omhändertagandet nödvändigt. Dessa upplevelser kommer att studeras med utgångspunkt i en teoretisk begreppsmodell om personcentrerad vård.Syfte: Att beskriva patienters upplevelse av det preoperativa omhändertagandet inför anestesi.Metod: Kvalitativa semi-strukturerade intervjuer kommer att genomföras med ett tiotal personer som i slutenvården genomgått en operation i generell anestesi. Intervjuerna kommer att analyseras med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. För att testa metod och forskningsplan genomfördes en pilotstudie där två forskningspersoner som nyligen genomgått en operation i generell anestesi intervjuades.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Under en operation i spinalanestesi är patienten vaken och upplever i stort sett hela eller delar av anestesi- och operationssituationen. Detta kan ge upphov till känslor som behöver identifieras för att förstå patienterna och därigenom säkerställa patienters välbefinnande.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka patientens upplevelse med avseende på kommunikation, information, bemötande, miljö och smärta i samband med spinalanestesi, samt att granska frågeformulärets validitet och reliabilitet.Metod: Studien har en kvantitativ ansats och datainsamlingen har utförts med hjälp av enkätfrågor. Tre ortopediska vårdavdelningar och en urologisk vårdavdelning involverades i studien på ett sjukhus i Mellansverige.  Antal svarande var 53 personer.Resultat: Majoriteten av deltagande patienter upplevde att kommunikationen med både anestesisjuksköterska och operationspersonal var mycket bra. Majoriteten av patienterna upplevde att bemötandet från operationspersonalen var mycket bra. Resultatet av operationspersonalens insats till att patienterna kände sig trygga på operationssalen visade att de flesta av patienterna svarade att operationspersonalen bidrog till att de kände sig trygga.

This thesis aims at analyzing why the municipality of Flen, in the eastern part of Sweden, has experienced strong depopulation for the last forty years in spite of its relative vicinity to Stockholm. The study uses current theories on regional developement, population theory and theories on regional enlargment to help explain and to evaluate the different regional factors that affect the developement of Flen on the local level. The thesis is primarily focused on the subject of regional policy and strategies to meet regional depopulation. The study also gives a presentation of the strategies of major regional institutions as well as analyzing what impact regional policy have on local policy in the municipality of Flen.Interviews with local officials, politicians and other people representing the population of Flen were carried out to achieve a better understanding of the specific challenges that the municipality faces and of the measures that are taken to meet them. Regional policy in Sweden prioritises measures that promote regional enlargment to link the housing and labour markets together with the regional infrastructure.

In this essay I discuss and analyse if we can witness any signs on regional dimension due to regional representation from our elected representatives in the five constituencies Malmö, Blekinge, Norrbotten, Uppsala and Stockholm. Two seperate terms of office between 1991-94 and 1998-2002 has been compared. In political science there has been much debate about the relationship between voters and their elected. By measuring each and everyone elected representatives in the work of produce introduced bills towards their own constitiency during both terms I have tried to see if there is an occurence of a regional dimension.The theory that´s been applied is based on geographical representation where one might aspect that central metropolitan areas and peripheral regions is somewhat over-represented in legislatures. By using a method of comparison between the five chosen constituencies and theirs elected representatives I have come the the conclusion that there is a weak tendency that this might be the case seen to a regional dimension perspective..

Because of a more globalised world the national states have been forced to make structural changes at both national, regional and local level to cope with different challenges. The regional community has become an important area which has resulted in a policy of more self governing, both for the regional and the local level.The aim of the thesis is to study the relation between regional and local level in the partnerships organisation. To fulfil the aim of the thesis, a case study of Region Skåne is used. The analyse is based on expressions such as cooperation, conflict, power and influence.The result of the thesis confirms that the opinion between the regional and the local level is very different. The representatives from Region Skåne experience the cooperation as quite good because it creates an opportunity for discussions and a possibility to learn from the other actors which in turn creates a qualification in the exchange of knowledge.

BackgroundResearch shows that the majority of patients feel anxiety before and during anesthesia. It has been shown in several studies that preoperative anxiety may cause adverse effects in the postoperative course. Nurse anesthetists have a key role in creating a safe environment and the opportunity to use different interventions to reduce the degree of anxiety.AimThe aim of the study was to examine which interventions may reduce anxiety in adult patients before and during both general, local and regional anesthesia.DesignSystematic literature review with a quantitative approach.ResultsSeveral studies indicate that gabapentin and pregabalin can reduce anxiety before and during anesthesia. The anxiety reducing effect appeared to be dose dependent. The naturopathic drugs Citrus aurantium blossom and Passiflora incarnata Linneaus were found to reduce anxiety before anesthesia.