This study examines how the stock prices are affected when articles, which negatively describe the companies? incentive programs, are published. According to the efficient market hypothesis, only new information should have an effect on the stock price. Furthermore, this study aims to examine whether this reaction is dependent of the economic climate. During the period of September 2005 to September 2009, stock price data was collected from the NasdaqOMX stock exchange and 75 articles were gathered from leading Swedish newspapers.

Voluntary organisations provided the first consumer guidance in Sweden. The government'sinterest in the question started during the second world war and has ever since increased.Since the 1970's the local authorities, with support from the community, have played animportant roll in consumer policy work. Due to the economic Recession of recent years theappropriation to consumer guidance work has been cut down. The work has been rationalisedand libraries have more frequently been used to spread consumer information.In Stockholm the municipal has been responsible for local consumer information since the1940's. Co-operation with the library of Stockholm has occurred in different forms.

The consumption levels in Sweden, Denmark, Finland and Norway have been rising fo r the last decade. Even after the financial crisis of 2008, consumption levels continued their upward trend, regardless of the Recession. The explanation seems to be, at least partly, that households tends to increase their debt ratio in order to continue the same standard of living as before in terms of consumption. It is clear, based of our results, that there is a connection between increased consumption and debt ratio for households. And the consequences of allowing loans to finance a sustained or increasing consumption may ultimately be difficult to manage.

I denna uppsats undersöks räntedifferensens (skillnaden mellan den korta- och den långaräntan)och aktieavkastningars prognosvärde för framtida real BNP tillväxt för 29 OECDländer med en dynamisk icke-linjär paneldatamodell. Denna icke-linjära specifikation tillåterför eventuella asymmetrier beroende på om ekonomin befinner sig i Recession eller ej.Resultaten tyder på att både aktieavkastningar och räntedifferensen, mellan tremånaders- ochtioårsräntan, har prognosvärde för framtida tillväxttakt. Sambanden är i linje med ekonomiskteori som förutsäger att en minskad räntedifferens och/eller stigande aktieavkastningarsignalerar en kommande högkonjunktur. Skattningarna tyder vidare på att aktieavkastningarhar högre prognosvärde för framtida tillväxttakt då modellen med denna variabel förklararmer av variationen i tillväxttakt. Slutligen indikerar resultaten att räntedifferensen ochaktieavkastningar till stor del innehåller olika information gällande framtida tillväxttakt..

The purpose of this study was to examine psychosomaticsymptomsissuesamongst children and adolescents between the ages of 0-18 years and to clarify the underlying factors.Method: Literature study based on 10 scientific articles.Results: Psychosomatic issues amongst children and adolescents, due to stress, were common in Europe and Scandinavia. The symptoms varied between gender and age. The underlying factors were mainly school environmental issues, home conditions, socio-economic situations and disputes with teachers and peers. The symptoms varied from headache, gastro intestinal problems and insomnia to eating disorders, depression and pounding heart.               Conclusion: The future of children?s psychosomatic health depends on interventions on all levels of society since they are affected by everything from school environment and home conditions to unemployment and Recession..

Youth unemployment in Europe is a big problem today. The number of unemployed young people has risen past decades, from 10 % in1980 to over 20 % 2010. The purpose with this thesis is to deal with big cohorts and unemployment rate for young people 20-24 years old in Sweden. I have a look at three different generations, people born:1963-1967 and start working 19871968-1972 and start working 19941988 and start working 2008-2012Did these people from a baby boom face any specific difficulties when entering the labor market 20-24 years later? I have used Easterlin theory in my work and lokked at statistics from SCB (Statsitiska centralbyrån) in Sweden.

Background Apartment ownership is a popular and well established type of housing in many countries, such as Norway, Denmark and UK. During spring 2009 the Swedish Parliament passed a new legislation which made it possible for apartment ownerships also in Sweden. But apartment ownership has had a slow start, which partly can be explained by the recent Recession.Purpose & methodThe purpose of this paper is to study the market of apartment ownership in Öckerö, Stockholm and Karlstad. The study is a qualitative examination where relevant companies from the submarkets have been interviewed.ResultThe result of this study shows that the interest for apartment ownership is over all high in all three submarkets. It is yet clear the knowledge about apartment ownership is generally poor among the public, and when the banks still misses proper routines for mortgages, it creates uncertainty, and slows down the market.

Kulturvårdscentrum was a project that had great significance for local folklore societies in Bohuslän.Bohusläns museum was i charge of the project that lasted from 1987 until about 2001 when most ofthe original staff have retired. The staff was mainly recruited from a large shipyard, Uddevallavarvet,at it's closure due to Recession. Financing was largely made by the government to help outthose unemployed who otherwise should have a hard time finding a new job. At start there was about25 employees who where trained for one year by staff from Swedish museums, conservation studios,and teachers the university. The education was aimed at serving local folklore societies, and dealingwith their special problems.

To establish sustainability reports is an increasing trend for more and more companies. This has led to a spread of the international framework Global reporting initiative, GRI, guidelines to make a sustainability reports. This trend has got a lot of critics from various stakeholders who believe that companies in these reports communicate the information in a way of window dressing. Both negative and positive information has to be represented according to GRI: s principle of balance.  Window dressing is created by adding a greater emphasis on the positive information. The researchers review the context of the negative information to study the extent to which it is reported and whether there are patterns and variations in the reported information.

Recently there have been a lot of talk a about the financial crisis and Recession. This is understandable since the crisis, which initially was limited to the U.S. now has spread its concern globally in form of bankruptcies, less investment and lots of people have lost here jobs. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the financial crisis have affected the construction industry relating to market and personnel, but also examine what measures the construction companies have taken. The examination was carried out by information received from the majority of construction-related websites which then was followed up with interviews in the various construction sectors.

This thesis explores some issues regarding estimations of the cost of capital on the Stockholm Stock Exchange through reverse engineering of the Residual Income Valuation model and through usage of the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Previous studies are in conflict of whether the risk premium changes considerably over time or not. Furthermore, the risk premium estimated by CAPM tends to be fairly stable. In this study, reverse engineering of the cost of capital implied by analysts? forecasts shows a significant difference in the risk premium over time.

Kulturvårdscentrum was a project that had great significance for local folklore societies in Bohuslän.Bohusläns museum was i charge of the project that lasted from 1987 until about 2001 when most ofthe original staff have retired. The staff was mainly recruited from a large shipyard, Uddevallavarvet,at it's closure due to Recession. Financing was largely made by the government to help outthose unemployed who otherwise should have a hard time finding a new job. At start there was about25 employees who where trained for one year by staff from Swedish museums, conservation studios,and teachers the university. The education was aimed at serving local folklore societies, and dealingwith their special problems.

 The luxury market has steadily grown from the industrial revolution and onwards. Changes in society, trends and the increased living standards has enabled more people to consume luxury goods.The world is going through a major economic crisis at the moment. Studies shows that companies that have focused on added value rather than lowering prices has survived past financial crisis. It is also obvious that companies act very different during times of crisis. Adding to the problem is trends that point to a more careful consumption and environmental awareness.

Under en lågkonjunktur använder sig många företag av varsel och uppsägningar som ett sätt att minska kostnader och möta en vikande efterfrågan. Dessa uppsägningar innebär en förändring vilket är något som ofta möts av motstånd. I den här uppsatsen belyses de problem en ledare ställs inför i samband med en förändring som innebär uppsägningar och hur de har valt att genomföra dem.Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att beskriva hur tre ledare i tre olika organisationer genomför uppsägningar som sker till följd av arbetsbrist.En kvalitativ metod har använts där vi genomfört tre halvstrukturerade intervjuer med ledare som haft insyn i beslutsprocessen från varsel fram till uppsägningar och varit de som till största del förmedlat besluten till berörda individer. Med insamlad empirisk data analyserades hur ledarna genomförde uppsägningarna utifrån teori som behandlar förändring, ledarskap och ett företags situation.Resultaten visade att trots liknande yttre förutsättningar i form av lågkonjunktur och vikande orderingång så skilde sig genomförandet av förändringen mellan de tre företagen. En likhet var att kommunikation varit en viktig strategi under processen.

The digitalization of the media industry has involved great changes for the Swedish daily press. Instead of subscribing on a daily newspaper, more people tend to read newspaper's free edition online.  The recent Recession has contributed to strike hard against the newspaper's economy. This is the problem our research is based upon. How will the newspaper develop and which measures have to be done to get a well functioning business model that is suited for future conditions?We have made qualitative interviews with Swedish newspapers: Göteborgs-Posten, Norrköpingstidningen, Sydsvenskan and with the danish newspaper Politiken.