This is a bachelor?s essay in the landscape architect programme in Alnarp. The purpose of the essay is to describe discussions about security in planning contexts in Sweden. Written material from three levels of the discussions has been studied: Swedish research, governmental directives and practisers. I have tried to obtain a variation in types of material.

In a multi-year project at Swerea Swecast AB studies on influence of dissolved gas on inclusions have been made. The knowledge about these parameters could be used to increase the quality of the final steel casting. The purpose of this thesis was to closer examine the impact of the oxygen level on inclusions.The questions asked were:? What was the amount of inclusions at different levels of oxygen?? What was the size of these inclusions at different levels of oxygen?? What does the inclusions consist of at different levels of oxygen?This was studied by measuring and sampling, sample preparation and microscopic analysis using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Measurements and sampling was performed at Smålands Stålgjuteri AB in Eksjö and at Swerea Swecast AB in Jönköping.

The purpose of this study is to survey and evaluate if the individual contrast sensitivity and preferences for horizontal and vertical lighting level correspond to the values that standard SS-EN 12464-1 recommends for the workplace- and surrounding light levels.This study examines if lighting should be adapted after the individuals? need or if a general value can be found that will cover every individuals? need for a workplace and surrounding light level. This study also examines if parameters like sex, age and/or glasses/lenses have an effect on the amount of lighting that the test subjects need. Lastly we compared the values concerning the relationship between workplace- and surrounding light levels with standard SS-EN 12464-1?s recommendations.The study is carried out with an experimental design that surveys 220 test subjects who were chosen by a selection of convenience.

The purpose of this study is to examine the accessibility with public transportation in the case of the Umeå Region in northern Sweden. This is done by GIS network analysis where both access to transit stops, as well as access by public transport from stops to destinations is examined. An accessibility index is created from transit frequency and travel times to destinations. The results is compared with population register data to calculate what shares of the population has which levels of accessibility with public transportation. In the Umeå Region there are different levels of accessibility by public transport for different parts of the region, where transit stops in the most densely populated areas has the highest levels of accessibility, as well as stations along the railroads.

Active ownership is widely regarded as positive for the development and performance of businesses. In this paper, we investigate the impact of ownership concentration and owner identity on return on equity (ROE) in Swedish companies between 1986 and 2008, and show that active ownership might suffer from opposing effects. We find evidence, albeit weak, that ownership concentration has a positive effect on profitability, but that it levels off at high levels of ownership shares. Furthermore, we propose that family ownership has a negative effect on profitability. Our results are dependent of choice of statistical method, but show nonetheless a need to reevaluate what seems to be a universally positive view of active ownership..

In this study potential health risks for employees in connection with handling of bottom ash and bottom ash water at a Municipal Waste Incineration (MWI) plant have been investigated. Air surrounding the bottom ash and the bottom ash water has been examined. MWI is one of the primary ways to manage solid household waste, and bottom ash is the main solid residue produced by the incineration process. Bottom ash constitutes about 15-20% of the original waste. The bottom ash is extinguished in a water bath (bottom ash water).The study was carried out in a MWI plant in Karlstad, Sweden.

The equine hoof is often manipulated in purpose to achieve a better stride or to reduce the weight on damaged tissue. The living tissue in the hoof can?t store energy as glycogen and is therefore depending on a continuous supply of glucose for its energy production. The purpose of the study was to determine if wedging (i.e. elevating) the heel could influence the hooves glucose and lactate consumption/production. Five standardbred horses were trained to trot on a treadmill without getting physical or mentally tired.

The main objective of this paper has been to construct a way to measure the level of social capital in a society. Based on a theory which describes the ideal society have I herein tried to find out to what extent the Swedish and Danish communities correspond to this model. The theoretical foundation consist of several different levels of analysis, and I have indeed found there to be consideral differences between the two nations on these different levels. The paper however conclude that these differences even out to add up to a Social Capital Index that is remarkably similar. A result which is to be interpreted as one nation being about as close to the ideal situation from a social capital point-of-view as the other..

Introduction: The number of hearing impairments in Sweden is increasing. The largest increase is seen in ages 25-44. There are reasons to believe that these impairments are noise induced. Leisure time noise is not controlled in the same manner that industrial noise is. An ongoing conflict between city council officials and rock club owners, musicians and music event organizers about sound levels at smaller live music clubs exceeding the national sound level restrictions created the need for an acoustic intervention project.

Magnesium is one of the most important minerals in the body and it participates in many essential processes, such as energy metabolism and protein synthezis. Magnesium deficiency in cattle may occur when they are let out for pasture in the spring, and is associated with tetany, known as grass staggers. A high yielding dairy cow often loses more magnesium daily in the milk than she has available in the body, and magnesium thereby needs to be provided in the feed to prevent the cow from being affected by deficiency symptoms. The uptake of magnesium is mainly located to the rumen and is not regulated by hormones. The surplus is excreted in the urine by the kidneys.

The overarching aim of this paper is to study the professional encounter in its complexity. The requirements for receiving welfare is set by the professional and it's the professionals decision if they are met in the proper manner. This makes the assessment of the clients conditions and the correctness of the assessment hence important. There are several levels which is necessary for the social worker to take into consideration.We have therefore made a socio-analysis by using a theoretical model of Johansson (2006) where he uses the Social Psychology of the encounter to create a model with four levels, which is always present in the professional encounter: structural, positional, relational, and experience level.  Our base was that the one responsible for handling these levels was the professional which led us to search for literature concerning the professional approach.Our study is formed as a qualitative case-study. Our empirical data consist of qualitative interviews with four social workers handling social allowance.The results shows that the complexity of the professional encounter requires a professional approach.

The aim for this study is to investigate how the cooperation between teachers from nine-years compulsory school and comprehensive upper secondary school is organized in a Swedish municipality, based on the formulation in the Swedish curriculum. My idea is to see how the cooperation is organized, when it comes to information about pupils who haven?t passed the qualifications to upper secondary school, especially in Mathematics.Lennart Lundquist?s basic ideas about the qualities of the one who is guided, in this case the teacher, underlie my study when it comes to the directions from the school board.I carried out my study in a Swedish municipality, where I interviewed teachers at two different compulsory schools and one upper secondary school. I also let the school board become a part of my study, as they received a minor questionnaire.The results of my study points out that there is much to be done when it comes to cooperation between the teachers from different school levels. The interviewed teachers points out that they lack knowledge about each other and they ask for more physical meetings to start cooperation.

The purpose of this Master's thesis is to study metadata and its use at Web sites of six Swedish universities and colleges. Each Web site has been examined at three different hierarchical levels and the total number of examined Web pages is 258. 16 questionnaires have also been sent to webmasters at the six universities and colleges. The results show that metadata refers to the data which can assist to organize, describe, identify, locate, evaluate and retrieve resources on the Internet. Even though there are several different metadata formats available on the Internet, the commercial search engines only support the HTML's title tag and the meta tags with the attributes keywords and description.

Along with the rapid expansion of wind power in Sweden during the last decades the competition about favorable areas has hardened. This among other reasons has caused the projectors to look into development of wind power in forests. There are several aspects regarding fatigue loads on the constructions that are severe in complex terrain, among which turbulence is one. The levels of turbulence which are accepted in order for the turbines to face a life length exceeding 20 years are regulated by the International Electrotechnical Commission, (IEC). In order to keep the turbulence below these levels there are three major steering tools to use: The ambient turbulence decreases with height and can therefore be regulated by the hub height of the turbines.

Jag har gjort mitt examensarbete hos Leonhard Nilsen & Sönner AS (LNS) på anlägget Rana Gruber som ligger i Storforshei kommun några mil utanför Mo i Rana. LNS är Nord-Norges största entreprenör. Jag har valt att lägga focus på luftkvaliten i underjordsdelen inom gruvannlägningen. Arbetet innefattar problem som kan uppstå i en djup gruva men även förslag till förbättringar. Gruvans nivåer har två luftschakt som förser gruvan med luft för att förse annläggninger med frisktluft.