This study focuses on oral communication in the classroom involving discussion and dialogue amongst pupils, but also between teacher and pupil. The overall aim is to study the choices regarding the group composition and working methods that might occur in four individual teachers? lessons plans with the intention of increasing the pupils? knowledge through oral communication. The main focus is to explore what the teachers think of the choices they make and how they believe these changes affect the pupils. It is also focused on how the teachers perceive their pupils? learning is improved by oral communication and how they incorporate all pupils, especially the pupils who rarely participate in classroom activity.The methods used are qualitative studies using interviews and observations.

The purpose of this study was to examine how school personnel describe and interpret the phenomenon bullying among girls, and also what their interpretations are based upon. More specifically its aim was to find out what characterizes and causes girl-to-girl bullying, according to school welfare officers and teachers. We wanted to find out how school personnel look upon aggression among girls and social expectations on girls behavior. The analysis was based on two kinds of perspectives: one focusing on gender and one focusing on power in relationships. Research shows that girl-to-girl bullying is hard to observe and that this problem has been invisible in earlier studies.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur lärare beskriver erfarenheter av att bemöta tysta elever i skolan utifrån deras kommunikativa och språkliga förmågor. Med hjälp av kvalitativa halvstrukturerade intervjuer med fyra yrkesverksamma lärare på låg- och mellanstadiet presenterar studien hur lärarna beskriver att de bemöter tysta elever i skolan samt hur de beskriver att de anpassar undervisningen för att lyfta fram tysta elevers kommunikativa och språkliga förmågor.Utifrån ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv har intervjuerna tolkats och analyserats med avsikt att lyfta fram lärarnas beskrivningar av sina erfarenheter, bemötanden och anpassningar.En slutsats i denna studie är att lärarna upplever att tysta elevers tysthet är situationsberoende.  Den kan vara beroende av gruppstorleken eller miljön. Ett annat resultat som framkom var att lärarna ansåg att det var betydelsefullt att skapa en trygg undervisningssituation för att få de bästa förutsättningarna för framför allt de tysta eleverna. Lärarna beskrev också olika tillvägagångssätt som de använde för att kunna bedöma elevernas muntliga förmågor. I studien framkom också att lärarna upplevde en del hinder för sina ambitioner att skapa bra undervisningssituationer.

The purpose of this Master?s thesis is to examine what the data from recent Library- and Information Science studies tell us about the importance of school libraries in a student perspective. Our theoretical framework is built upon Elisabeth Tallaksen Rafste?s concept about the values of school libraries to students. Our aim is to investigate how students between the ages of 15 and 18 use and experience school library.

Today, buildings utilize 40 % of the total energy consumption. New energyrestrictions and directives have entered the construction industry. Photovoltaic is asustainable, clean and Quiet solution that integrates well in the urban environment buthave not yet reached a breakthrough on the Swedish market. The conditions for solarenergy production are often set in the early planning stages where they rarely arebeing prioritized.This master of engineering project focuses on identifying problems regardingimplementation of photovoltaic in city development projects and giving suggestions topossible improvements in the planning- and construction process. It also givesrecommendations on how the conditions for energy production can be optimized inthe early zoning stage.By conducting simulations with PVsystV5.21, on three ongoing city developmentprojects in Umeå, Malmö and Stockholm and by carry out and analyzing interviewswith city planners, constructors and architects, some conclusions have been made.Several improvements, both politically, with changes in the subsidization systemand/or instatement of a new law with feed-in tariffs, and within the solar- andconstruction industry itself, with better communication between different parts of theprocess as well as better use of experience, can be made.

Introduction: Nowadays, it is a considerable fact that parents stay with their hospitalized child, however the role played by parents may not always be obvious. For many parents, this is a difficult experience, which may cause stress among parents who want to be supportive for their child. Parents and children have a close bond and influence each other emotionally; therefore it is of great importance that parent?s experiences of hospitalization should be noted. The pediatric nurse may apply this experience to give the best possible care for the child and the family.

Wermland was affected by the Spanish flu like the Swedish national average, about a half percentage of Wermlands population would lose their lives to the flu during the autumn 1918. The flu has for many fallen into oblivion. This oblivion is so wide spread that it´s possible to talk about a "collective forgetfulness". The society have selected to remember 1918 for "when the guns went Quiet on the western front" and not for the millions who died from the treacherous Spanish flu. The world had already suffered enough from the four years of war that had been fought, thus the victims of the flu would be honored but would soon fade in to oblivion.  When you investigate deeper you get the picture that the national average don´t do Wermland and its cities or rural areas any justice when a large variations seems to occur within regional areas.

Do our imaginations of real landscapes get affected by works of art such as paintings, myths and literature? They often give very colourful descriptions in words as well as pictures. Do they actually change our feelings for the landscapes we are in and carry around as images inside? Close your eyes and take a few deep breaths. Imagine that you are leaning against a wooden fence a mild summer evening.

The collective agreement contains many important provisions concerning the relationship between employers and employees. When a collective agreement applies in the workplace, both employers and employees are bound by it. However, only employers of those two, can take part in the collective agreement, and therefore negotiate the content of it.The purpose of this study is to answer the following question: Why are rules that has been interpreted in collective agreements not expressed in writing? Therefore, the Swedish collective agreement system will be examined, and a distinction between types of silent regulations will be made to find causes. The potential for workers to act on a collective agreement with Quiet regulations will also be examined.Collective agreements are signed on three levels: central, union and local levels.

I min essä beskriver jag den öppna miljön, med ett modernt och nytänkande arbetssätt som blir allt vanligare inom förskolan. I den nya moderna förskolan öppnas innemiljöerna upp allt mer för att skapa möjligheter till ett ökat samspel och lärande mellan barnen. Pedagogiken säger att vi pedagoger ska bygga miljöer och inspirera barnen till att själva söka kunskap, men här anser jag att det finns barn som får problem. Många barn har svårt att anpassa sig till den stora barngruppen och utmärker sig för att vara "stökiga" eftersom de inte klarar av att sortera alla sinnesintryck runt omkring sig. Jag ser att barn med koncentrationssvårigheter blir allt vanligare inom förskolan och är orsakat av miljön de befinner sig i.

The collective agreement contains many important provisions concerning the relationship between employers and employees. When a collective agreement applies in the workplace, both employers and employees are bound by it. However, only employers of those two, can take part in the collective agreement, and therefore negotiate the content of it.The purpose of this study is to answer the following question: Why are rules that has been interpreted in collective agreements not expressed in writing? Therefore, the Swedish collective agreement system will be examined, and a distinction between types of silent regulations will be made to find causes. The potential for workers to act on a collective agreement with Quiet regulations will also be examined.Collective agreements are signed on three levels: central, union and local levels.

The purpose of this study was to examine how Swedish newspapers framed the campaign Earth Hour. Did media encourage their audience to join in and how did they create a sense of togetherness regarding the campaign?The theories connected to the study are media logic, media events, identity and the media, collective togetherness, symbolic interactionism and discourse. The method used was a qualitative discourse analysis. We analysed three Swedish newspapers: Aftonbladet, Barometern and Svenska Dagbladet.

Background: In Sweden about 19000 people fall victims of sudden death every year. This covers around 20% of all deaths. Relatives are those who are closest to the patient, regardless of the type of relationship. When a patient suddenly dies this affects the relatives and they can suffer from high risk of complicated grief reactions or crises. Being the nearest professional contact in these situations, the nurse has an important role in supporting and guiding the relatives.Aim: The aim of this literature review was to nominate the relatives' needs of support from the nurse when a loved person suddenly dies.Method: The literature review was based on seven articles with a quality approach.Results:The analysis resulted in four themes; "to be seen and confirmed", "information", "take farewell" and "follow-up ".To be able to give support both mentally and physically, it is important for the nurse to give proper attention to the relatives.

SAMMANFATTNING__________________________________________________________________________Eva Öierstedt-Christiansen & Louise RundlöfSitt still och var tyst!Fördelar och nackdelar med diagnostisering av ADHD enligt nio lärareSit still and be Quiet!Advantages and disadvantages of the diagnosis of ADHD according to nine teachers Antal sidor: 27 __________________________________________________________________________Vårt syfte med studien är att undersöka vad nio lärare inom förskola/förskoleklass och grundskolans tidigare år anser om att barn/elever diagnostiseras med ADHD.Vår undersökning kommer att utgå från följande frågeställningar:Vilka fördelar respektive nackdelar ser lärarna med att barn/elever diagnostiseras med ADHD?Vilka är det enligt lärarna som gynnas av en ställd diagnos, barnet/eleven, lärarna eller föräldrarna?På vilket sätt skiljer sig åsikterna mellan lärare i förskolan, förskoleklassen och grundskolans tidigare år gällande diagnostisering?Vi har genomfört intervjuer med nio lärare som är verksamma inom olika åldrar. Resultatet av vår studie visar att lärarna överlag är kritiska till en diagnos, däremot menar de att om barnet/eleven visar starka symptom är en diagnos nödvändig för att barnet/eleven ska få rätt hjälp och stöd. Frågan om när en diagnos bör ställas skiljer sig mellan lärarna i förskolan/ förskoleklassen och grundskollärarna. Lärarna i förskolan/förskoleklassen menar att en diagnos inte bör ställas förrän i skolan medan lärarna i grundskolans tidigare år hävdar att en diagnos bör ställas så tidigt som möjligt.

The collective agreement contains many important provisions concerning the relationship between employers and employees. When a collective agreement applies in the workplace, both employers and employees are bound by it. However, only employers of those two, can take part in the collective agreement, and therefore negotiate the content of it.The purpose of this study is to answer the following question: Why are rules that has been interpreted in collective agreements not expressed in writing? Therefore, the Swedish collective agreement system will be examined, and a distinction between types of silent regulations will be made to find causes. The potential for workers to act on a collective agreement with Quiet regulations will also be examined.Collective agreements are signed on three levels: central, union and local levels.