In this thesis I examine the development and expansion of judicial power in Sweden. The concept of judicial review is defined and related to democratic theory, and the various forms of judicial review in use in Sweden are explained. The main focus is on the political and scientific discussion concerning judicial review since the mid 1970s. It is shown that judicial review so far has been used only to a limited extent and that the number of court cases has remained quite stable over time. The main cause of judicialization seems to be the supremacy of EU law following the Swedish EU membership in 1995 and the inclusion of the European Convention on Human Rights into Swedish law.

Denna studie är en del i projektet Framtida kompetensförsörjning och arbetslivets längd inom Västerbottens läns landsting. Studien har syftet att kvalitativt utforska resonemang rörande pensionsintentioner hos äldre medarbetare inom landstinget, med ett specifikt fokus på påverkande faktorer inom arbetslivet. Sju semistrukturerade intervjuer har utförts med respondenter från olika yrkeskategorier. Vid analysen av intervjuerna framkom likheter i respondenternas pensionsresonemang, trots deras skilda livssituationer och tänkta pensionsåldrar. Den mest framträdande likheten var den funna kärnkategorin: möjligheten att göra ett bra arbete.

The members of the OECD have agreed on giving aid assistance to developingcountries in a way of promoting their own capacity of handling the challengeof poverty and development. The members also cooperate and coordinate theiraid to recipient countries in the purpose of giving as effective assistance aspossible. The aid from these countries is often intended to human rights,democracy and has a humanitarian idea. This is the way from the OECDcountries. The Chinese way of giving aid mostly aimed at the industry of therecipient to promote the economic growth to lift the country out of poverty.The Chinese way do not aim or intend their aid at promoting human rights ordemocracy, often just industry and infrastructure.

Title: What is important knowledge in social studies- An analyse of opinions among teachers in social studiesThe aim of this paper is to increase the awareness about how teachers in Social studies think about goals and substance in the subject. I also want to get a picture about what kinds of problems teacher?s experiences when teaching Social studies. My expectations told me that Social studies are complex to teach, because it derives from several university disciplines such as Political science, Economics, Sociology, Law and Geography, which I believe makes the subject harder to define and what to give priority to. Finally, I want to increase the awareness, if it seems to be any fundamental essence in Social studies as a subject.To achieve my goals with this paper I have studied relevant literature about Social studies.

Den explosivt ökande mängden information som finns tillgänglig på Internet har även sina avigsidor. Att hitta meningsfull information och kunskap på Internet idag blir allt svårare. Behovet av verktyg som kan hjälpa individer och företag att ta fram värdefull information, speciellt tidskritisk sådan på ett effektivt sätt, är och kommer att bli mycket stort. Likaså kommer behovet av att komma åt denna information, oberoende av tid och plats att vara stort och bli allt större i takt med den ständigt accelererande utvecklingstakten. Vi har försökt att belysa hypotesens komplexitet och visa på det faktum att inte bara en utan många beståndsdelar spelar in vid skapandet av en personanpassad informationsportal. Arbetet har grundat sig på att identifiera de krav som skulle kunna ställas på grundläggande funktioner.

                                                  AbstractThe development of our society has in many ways changed the relationships between the political parties and the citizens. Fewer citizens are active in political parties, which has contributed to the fact that we see a form of catch-all effect and a development of parties that organizes more in forms of professional organisations. This paper has made a research of modells of democratic ideals and values between leaders and party-members in political parties in the local area. The purpose has been to show how these ideals and values can reflect back on the political development. The result shows that the development has created a form of catch-all effect and a professionalism in the parties.

AbstractTitle: A democratic organisation - one click away? A quantitative content analysis which studies the potential of democratic communication through intranet use.Authors: Stina Gabrielsson and Jill Johansson VennelinPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is potential for democratic communication within the NGOs through intranet use.Key questions to be answered were: To what extent is authority versus members represented on the intranet Klick?s discussion forum? What/which communication-related functions out of social function, knowledge transferring and debate are featured in the posts published on the intranet Klick?s discussion forum? Are deliberative discussions being practiced in the discussion forumthreads on the intranet Klick? The thesis is based on the theory of deliberative democracy. In order to substantiate the theory has theoretical perspectives concerning participation and involvement also been applied. These perspectives are derived from organizational theory and internal communication.Method/Material: This study consists of a quantitative content analysis of the 477 posts and the 129 discussion threads available on the NGO RFSU?s intranet Klick the 29th of november 2012.Main results: The results show that 63, 4 percent of those who were active in the discussionforum represented the category authority, while the category members were formed by 36, 6 percent.

For the last decades, Sweden has transformed from a state with strong elements of corporatism, to a governance of pluralistic character. This development has opened up to a new form of participation ? lobbyism ? which since has spread and commercialized. Because of this, a report on the state of Swedish democracy ? Demokratiutredningen ? was issued to examine the phenomenon of lobbyism as it was feared to challenge the functioning of a representative democracy.

Abstract: The purpose with this study is to analyse the political debate about freedom of speech in Sweden and Denmark, after the caricatures of the Islamic Prophet Mohammed that the Danish newspaper Jyllandsposten published in September 2005. For this debate four political parties have been chosen. These are: Socialdemokratiska Partiet and Moderata Samlingspartiet in Sweden and Socialdemokraterne and Venstre in Denmark.An idea analysis has been chosen as method, and dimensions as an analysing tool. The overall result of the analysis is that right- and left political parties in Sweden and Denmark are more alike, than different in their political debate about free speech. They all wish for total freedom of speech, and see that as the foundation of the democratic society.

The purpose of this thesis has been to; based on interviews with four teachers in Stockholm city, get at picture of preschool teacher?s viewpoint on children?s influence in preschool.Research questions: How is the children`s influence looked upon by the teachers in preschool?, In what ways do children?s influence affect their learning, In what ways are the interviewed preschool teachers working with democracy in preschool?To carry out this thesis, I used the qualitative method. In the qualitative method, use is made of the interview method to collect empirical data with interviews. I interviewed four preschool teachers from three different preschools. This thesis is built upon John Dewey?s philosophical thinking as a theoretical base.The result of this thesis shows that all preschool teachers felt that the application of children?s influence in the daily activities, although complicated, is essential in their work.

Denna undersökning belyser vad som drivit fyra svenskar som arbetar inom vägledningsområden att lämna Sveriges arbetsmarknad och söka arbete i Danmark. Vad som får dem att stanna kvar samt upplevelser om kompetens och anställningsbarhet lyfts fram. Via en kvalitativ metod undersöks om Danmark är en potentiell arbetsmarknad för svenska vägledare. Teori som används i studien är push-pull. Ogynnsamma villkor på en plats puttar bort, push, och gynnsamma villkor på en annan drar till sig, pull.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att se om presbyopin, det vill säga minskningen av ackommodationsamplitud, utvecklas likadant i båda ögonen. Syftet var även att se om en ojämn addition i vissa fall gav bättre subjektiv respons än en binokulär jämn addition.Metod: Studien innefattade 33 deltagare där samtliga var mellan 43-57 år. Med hjälp av en RAF-stav mättes den monokulära ackommodationsamplituden för höger och vänster öga med push-up/push-down metoden. Utöver detta gjordes en binokulär och en monokulär additionsbestämning. Skilde sig resultaten åt från dessa additionsbestämningar fick deltagaren bestämma vilken styrka som subjektivt gav bäst upplevda synskärpa.Resultat: Resultaten visade att 11 deltagare hade en skillnad >0,25 D i ackommodationsamplitud mellan ögonen.

The purpose of this thesis is to determine whether the student councils at two schools really have the power to influence, or if it is a matter of mock democracy. I wanted to determine how the student councils work in reality. I conducted my investigation through personal and qualitative interviews with the board of the student council, a social studies teacher and the principle/school management at both schools. After the interviews I compared an analysed my findings. The results show that the two schools work very differently when it comes to studentdemocracy, and even have very different levels of ambition when it comes to the degree of influence that the student council should have at their respective schools.

Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka lärares syn på skoldemokrati och dess integrering i undervisningen. Vi har även gjort en egen definition av begreppet skoldemokrati för att kunna ställa det mot våra respondenters syn. Arbetet bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare för de senare åren och gymnasiet. Vi utgick från en intervjuguide för att kunna hålla oss inom ramarna för vårt syfte. Av vårt resultat framkom att de lärare vi intervjuade har en liknande syn kring skoldemokrati, de flesta talar också om hur viktigt det är att hålla begreppet levande i verksamheten.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the democratization process in Kurdistan on the basis of consolidation democracy with focus on arenas defined by Linz and Stepan (1997), namely economic, political, legal, civil society and arenas of state bureaucracy. Furthermore, I intend to explain Kurdistan?s road toward democratization in Kurdistan from 1991 until today, with a focus on the years 2003-2012. The main results are that Kurdistan has developed conditions that support a future consolidation of democracy. However, there are weaknesses in the economic situation, rule of law and the arena of bureaucracy.