In the 90's the establishment of external trade centers had a strong growth in Sweden, primarily in large and medium cities. Gradually took smaller towns by this development. In larger cities with larger and growing customer base than in small towns were not affected by the trade centers heavily, but in the smaller towns where the customer base was smaller, there was a risk that it created a negative competitive relationship between external trade center and trade in the citycenter. In some cases, competition is a positive development for both the citycenter and external trade areas, but in some cases there was a risk that the center became impoverished. In such situation there are theories that the different variety of different types of goods should be at the center and in external trade center could lead to a balanced trade relationship.

This paper discusses the strategy and strategic change in the Swedish freight forwarding business and analysis factors that influence the forces of the business. Three companies of various sizes are chosen to be investigated as a case study, outline that cost leadership and differentiation are both important strategies for companies to compete in the market. However, companies outpacing competition do not only pursue either of the two strategies, the need the ability to add one (cost leadership) to the other (differentiation) in relationship to environmental change over time..

The origin of the word ?communication? is the Latin word communicare, meaning to make common. The reason for our communication is to share thoughts, feelings and information, we want to affect and confirm.We are used to interpersonal communication, but even if we have had a lot of practice at it during our lives, we still find our selves facing misunderstandings and conflicts. The more people we meet during a day, the greater the chance is for interruptions in the communication.In pharmacy practice, good communication is vital for the client?s health and quality of life.

This paper discusses the feeling of insecurity in educational exhibitions. The study analyzes one exhibition at the museum ?Nordiska Museet? in Stockholm, and strives to answer how the question of spatial factors can influence the feeling of insecurity, and thereby also the information process.The following questions have been addressed: Can we speak of a spatial allocation problem of exhibitions that contain much information? What is the relationship between the exhibition's intention and visitors conduct A model has been designed with influence from wayfinding where the exhibition is divided into basic parts, which allows a detailed study of the exhibition, and of how the parts relate to each other. The research contains spatial analyze, observations as well as interviews.The conclusion is that we, in the scientifically investigated exhibition, can speak of a spatial allocation problem when the information seems to be an overload for the visitor..

The main intention with this thesis is to investigate the relationship between dividends and investments. We hypothesize that firms may be forced to cut back on investments if dividends are not curtailed in times of poor annual earnings. According to contemporary theories, we argue that firms may be reluctant to cut back on dividends even when annual earnings decline and the level of investments will consequently be determined by the financial mobility of companies. The survey is carried out by means of a quantitative analysis, which includes all firms quoted on the exchange of Stockholm from 1980 through 2000. On the contrary of previous research, we conclude that even firms with high dividends can be forced to curtail investments if payouts to shareholders are maintained or increased when companies are faced with a decline in annual earnings..

The consumer today is affected by a considerably larger number of world surrounding factors than she used to be, borders between different cultures and other consumer differences are being erased to a growing extent. The consumer can easily get its inspiration from many different directions which become clear in the common life. We eat sushi for lunch, we?re driving German cars and we?re having dinner with international business partners. The community also exposes the consumer for a more intense noise from offers, impact and marketing.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between urban transformation and the occupation movement in Sweden, aiming to identify the movement's characteristics and comprehend its changes over time. By analyzing qualitative material collected from occupants active within a span from the 1980 to the present, we examine how the occupation movement has evolved. We investigate the motivations behind the movement, the lifestyle of occupants, and their potential gains to get a better understanding of the culture. We explore the prefigurative politics of the resistance where occupant activists create alternative lifestyles aligned with their desired future, bypassing the wait for broader societal changes. Finally we inquire the current possibilities of creating and defending meaningful urban spaces and social scenes..

The study focus on the development of the bilateral relationship between India and the United States and the Next Step in Strategic Partnership (NSSP) from 2004 and the change in U.S. approach to India's neuclear program. With the rise of China to potential great power status I argue that the cooporation between the two is an act to balance the Chinese influence and to prevent future rivalry and a Chinese dominance of the East Asia. For the study I have used concepts and theorys from the realist tradition, in particular theorys of Balance of power and alliance forming..

By analysing Still the water (2014), Radiance (2017) and True Mothers (2020) by Naomi Kawase this essay will look at her work to see how she portrays the experience of being a woman in relation to her community. Looking into her way of using the camera by applying the theory of haptic visuality allows the spectator to identify themselves in a bodily relationship with the image. By using the camera to closely frame objects of importance for the characters, Kawase leads the spectator to understand the world of the film and enables a more profound understanding of their experience. For the community to be of importance for the women it must be founded in the feeling of security and a confirmation of their feelings. Once secure, the women can express themselves and by that, feminist politics..

Bakgrund:Allt fler svårt sjuka väljer idag att vårdas i hemmet och i och med detta får närstående en central och viktig roll. Att vara närstående till en patient i livets slutskede innebär stora påfrestningar i det dagliga livet och ett otillräckligt stöd i den sena palliativa fasen kan leda till svårbehandlad, traumatisk sorg. Många närstående beskriver känslor av ångest, sårbarhet, depression, och även isolering och ensamhet. Närstående kan behöva stöd att hantera sin svåra situation.Syfte:Syftet var att beskriva närståendes behov av stöd inom palliativ vård.Metod:Vi har genomfört en litteraturöversikt där åtta vetenskapliga artiklar har granskats och analyserats med Joyce Travelbee?s teori ?human-to-human relationship? och de fyra hörnstenarna inom palliativ vård som teoretiska utgångspunkter.

The purpose of this study is to provide a longitudinal examination, within grocery retailing, of four marketing tools and their impact on enhancing customer loyalty. The study examines whether the relationship between the four marketing tools and customer satisfaction has a positive effect on attitude and behavior loyalty. The findings from this study show that the marketing tools have not helped enhancing loyalty between 2004 and 2007. Between these years, service quality has the most affect on loyalty. Self-scanning as an effective marketing tool could be questioned, the relation in this study is not supported.

The company Betsson opened its first physical gambling shop in Sweden in May 2008, thereby defying the Swedish government?s legal gambling monopoly. The legal case that has resulted due to the violation of the Swedish gambling law has attracted immense attention from mass media, thus generating vast amounts of publicity for the company. This paper aims to evaluate and describe the company?s decision to open the store, as well as to examine the relationship between market driving practices and market driven practices.

Självmord, eller suicid som det också kallas, är i vårt samhälle ett tabubelagt ämne där en känsla av utanförskap har belysts hos den suicidnära patienten som ibland upplever sin vård som otillräcklig. Syftet med följande studie är därför att belysa sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda den suicidnära patienten och för att genomföra detta har en litteraturstudie genomförts på fyra kvalitativa- samt fem kvantitativa artiklar där resultatet visar att sjuksköterskans syn på patienten, på sig själv samt på sin kompetens i stor utsträckning påverkar patientens upplevelse av vårdandet. Vidare beskrivet är att sjuksköterskan tycks vara benägen att sätta etiketter på patienten där vissa grupper upplevs som svårare att vårda. Sjuksköterskan uppfattar vårdandet som tungt, då den vård som förmedlas inte upplevs ge önskad effekt. Eftersom relationen mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten är av stor vikt för att främja en framtida patienthälsa anses det att en bredare utbildning bör erhållas den grundutbildade sjuksköterskan för att underlätta förmågan att sätta sin förförståelse åt sidan och därmed öka förutsättningen för den psykiskt sjuka patienten.

This study investigates whether creative online product exposure within the clothing industry has a positive effect on the behaviour and attitude of today's consumers. Product exposure is the most important stimulus in the online marketing universe, yet few studies exist on this topic. Thus, this study pioneers in this specific research field. Through empirical analysis this study reveals that product exposure has a significant and direct effect on the perceived corporate ability and consumer involvement. Moreover creative product exposure indirectly increases the perceived product quality, intention to buy and the overall attitude towards the brand.

This study is generated from a European Union project founded Barcelona, Spain and contents a questionnaire that is the same in the different studies, but with different questions or thesis in each of them. Our question is if there is an identity creation in the meeting with other people and if so, how that identity creation is constructed. The identity-creation-meeting in the study is a fictive love relation story. Two high school classes in the Stockholm area have participated in the inquiries.The work of Bjerrum-Nielsen & Rudberg (1991) shows that the two sexes differ in their opinion about what is desired in a relationship. The result of our study points out that both young men and women mostly prefers the same qualities in a relation in spite of that gender socialisation directs the informants towards stereotypical roles.