This thesis analyzes and discusses the role of institutions concerning countries' abilities to create economic wealth. The countries that we are analyzing are the former members of the Warsaw pact and former Yugoslavia. These countries are referred to as transition countries. In order to analyze the transition countries institutional structure we are using Douglass C. North's theory regarding institutions and institutional building.

Titel Livsstilsboenden - Processen kring att kombinera livsstil, service och boende Författare Elisa De Toro, Helene Tigerström & Liv Åström Handledare Cecilia Fredriksson & Örjan Hallgren Problem Det finns en stor mängd forskning inom områdena service, boende och livsstil. Dock ser vi att det saknas forskning kring hur dessa kan kombineras och hur processen kring detta ser ut. Syfte Syftet med denna rapport är att få en fördjupad förståelse kring utvecklingsprocessen för ett projektutvecklingsbolag inom boende, vilket vill skapa förutsättningar för att använda service som en del i ett boendekoncept kring en viss livsstil. Metod Vi har tillämpat en deduktiv samt kvalitativ metod för insamlandet av vår empiri. Vi har använt oss av ett fallstudieobjekt, livsstilsboendet Victoria Park, där vi har gjort åtta intervjuer.

In tune with the cross-border trade the infringement of intellectual Property rights has become a growing problem in Europe and the rest of the world. In June 2008 negotiations about a new international agreement was initiated between Europe, its member states and ten other countries, which will restrict infringements of intellectual Property rights. The agreement is called ACTA, which stands for Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement. On January 26, 2012 the European Union (EU) and twenty-two of its twenty-seven member states signed a letter of intent to the agreement and the EU?s internal processes of the agreement began.

The purpose of this essay was to study whether the UN convention on the Rights of the child is implemented in the Swedish executory authority, in cases that include compulsory auction of Property belonging to families with children, in the southern area of Sweden. I have especially focused on questions concerning whether civil servants work with child consequence analyses, whether they have been offered education in child competence at work, to what extent they have listened to and taken into account the child's own voice in the execution process, and finally to what extent civil servants have had contact with the social welfare committee.The study was based on qualitative telephone interviews with seven civil servants working with cases that comprise compulsory auction of Property belonging to families with children.The conclusions of my study are that there exists no specific child perspective regarding the UN convention on the Rights of the child in the civil servants work regarding compulsory auction of Property belonging to families with children. Neither do they work with child consequence analyses nor do they listen to what the child has to say in the execution process. The civil servants have not been offered any kind of education concerning child competence. Regarding contacts with the social welfare committee, the result shows that this is, in general, not based on systematic procedures..

Most of the sea areas within the European Union are overfished and the catches are estimated to be up to five times lager then the amount to achieve a sustainable fishery. In doing so, the management of EU's marine resources comes to be questioned. The purpose of this study was to analyze EU's administration of marine fisheries and to explore which steps that can be undertaken to counteract the negative trend. The questions of the study were: How does the EU administrate today?s marine fishery recourses? And: How can the problem whit overfishing be discouraged? To answer these questions a comparative analyses were used to compare and evaluate administrative systems.

The thesis deals with packaging of real estate?s; an approach concerning tax benefits with the purpose to sell real estates in a more beneficial process than what is doable in direct sales. The proceeding can be beneficial because of the rules in Inkomstskattelagen (19999:1229) regarding underpriced transfers and selling of business related shares.  The real estate owner initiates the procedure through an establishment of an affiliate to a previously wholly owned parent company, where the real estate is the solitary asset of the affiliate. In order to fulfill the rules of underpriced transfers the transfer from the parent company shall be valued in regards to the tax value, else it will be taxed.

The purpose of this master thesis is to map and analyze the appropriate valuation approaches used for Intellectual Property rights and develope a model for valuing patents. This project has been executed on behalf of Electrolux?s Group Intellectual Property and is intended to be used for managerial purposes.Project limitations include patents that doesent concern technology oriented products and services, real option methods, financial forecasts, decisions concerning patents taken by the R&D division, patent applications in general and taking into account unexpected future management decisions regarding patents.Electrolux?s Intellextual Property team applies, manages and protects the groups Intellectual Property rights including patents, designs and trademarks. With an increased globalization and the rise of emerging markets, incentives have increased further to protect and safeguard the group?s innovations.Mainly there are three different valuations approaches for valuing intellectual Property rights, these include the income based approach, cost base approach and market based approach.

An ever-increasing population, urbanization and visions towards sustainable cities clarifies the need of densification. When densifying existing urban areas adding storeys could serve as a residential densification, which would also meet the market demand for centrally located apartments. An increased understanding of the potential of vertical densification gives way to the aim of this thesis to increase the amount of centrally located housing.This thesis provides knowledge of adding storeys and how Property owners can identify opportunities in their existing building stock.The first question, What kind of residential densification takes place in Sweden today? highlights ways of residential densification; development of brownfields, infill and adding storeys, where adding storeys is what this thesis then focuses on. The result came through a literature review that also clarified important factors when adding storeys.

Commercial expropriation occurs when real Property is compulsory acquired by a private operator. This phenomenon is relatively new and has been criticized not only because of the rules concerning compensation, but also from the point of view of permissibility.An intervention in the protection of Property must fulfill the requirement of important public interest set out in RF 2 kap. 15 § in order for it to be allowed. There is no definition regarding what constitutes an important public interest, the only thing that exist is a non-exhaustive list in the preparatory work. This in turn has led to the creation of a broad discretion when it comes to determining what constitutes important public interests.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how to use remote sensing data when making a forest management plan. The main focus of the study is to compare different methods to identify forest stands of a forest Property, and by manual measures and estimates try to evaluate the quality of interpreting data. This report is based on survey questions sent to five different organizations working with remote sensing data. Only two of these where willing to participate in this investigation. The organizations where asked to analyze the same forest Property and divide into compartments and make estimations of volume, basal area etc. in every stand.

Possessory liens and legal liens are two securities that has been the subject of debate from legal scholars for quite some time. Possessory liens are often viewed as a weaker security compared to legal liens. However, upon closer examination it turns out that possessory liens in most cases provide the the same opportunity to sell the Property withheld as security. This possibility makes possessory liens resemble, if not be identical to, legal liens. Both securities arise by operation of law and grant the right to both withhold and sell Property in the event of non-payment.

The great debate topic in media and among real estate agents in spring 2011 wasspecially reduced prices. Specially reduced prices means that a Property is advertised at a considerably lower price than the evaluated current market value of the Property. This is to attract more bidders in a potential bidding. It is in this case not completely established by law what is meant by considerably lower price, why this concept is difficult to interpret. Real estate agents got lot of criticism due to the output prices which were too low compared to the final prices.

The main objective with this study was to investigate so called odd purposes acceptable when registrating Property along with how social development affects these purposes, furthermore to investigate how the cadastral surveyors estimates a foreseeable time. Tradition and praxis is used for several obvious purposes such as housing, farming, forests, offices and industry. Praxis is yet to be defined regarding more unique purposes. There is no mention in the law about which purposes are found acceptable to assure the demands on suitability are met. Cadastral authorities are responsible for making sure the division into Property units is uniform and rule of law-accordingly.

In tune with the cross-border trade the infringement of intellectual Property rights has become a growing problem in Europe and the rest of the world. In June 2008 negotiations about a new international agreement was initiated between Europe, its member states and ten other countries, which will restrict infringements of intellectual Property rights. The agreement is called ACTA, which stands for Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement. On January 26, 2012 the European Union (EU) and twenty-two of its twenty-seven member states signed a letter of intent to the agreement and the EU?s internal processes of the agreement began.

During the years 1950-75 was the construction of building apartments in high speed. A rapidly growing reconstruction requirement is the consequence of the rapid construction speed in these years. The technical lifetime of the different parts of the buildings is about to end and the needs for reconstruction is huge. One of Sweden's national environmental objectives is to reduce the urge of energy in buildings. This calls for radical measures to implement energy efficiency of existing assistance particularly in the assistance that is now facing reconstruction.