Ekonomiska nackdelar som uppstår till följd av att en verksamhet bedrivs genom flera självständiga dotterbolag istället för under ett bolag med flera driftställen avhjälps normalt med lagregler om koncernbidrag. Dessa regler är emellertid endast tillämplig på nationella koncerner, dvs. koncerner där samtliga bolag har säte i ett och samma land. Problem uppstår emellertid när de olika dotterbolagen är belägna i olika länder. Denna uppsats behandlar problematiken kring gränsöverskridande förlustutjämningar inom EU.

The Brussels I-Regulation, often referred to as the Jurisdiction Regulation, is said to be the matrix of the European judicial cooperation system within the area of international private law. The Regulation states how jurisdiction is to be determined in an international dispute. The aim of the Regulation is to ensure that parties in a dispute within the EU have access to justice.The Regulation is considered to be working well in general, and have been since it came in-to force in 2007. Although it is held to be well functioning it does not exclude that some improvements might be needed. The commission ordered a review of the Regulation and the result was that some deficiencies were identified.

Syftet med uppsatsen är dels att sammanfatta de studier som tidigare gjorts om den svenska staten som ägare, dels att beskriva hur staten har organiserat ägandet. Vidare analyseras statens ägarstyrning som definierats som alla åtgärder, både före och under en aktivitet liksom granskning i efterhand, som utövas av staten. Utifrån agentteori och organisationsteori utvecklas en analysmodell som används för att studera hur staten utövar ägande över sina helägda bolag. Författarna genomför textanalys av regeringskansliets dokument som ligger till grund för hur statliga bolag ska styras och övervakas. Särskild vikt läggs vid styrelsesammansättning, kompensationsprogram, särskilda samhällsuppdrag och utvärderingsmått.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to test four different hypotheses from the aspect of the title of this paper. H 1 Consumers trust the pharmacy employees? advice and suggestions for their purchase decisions more than the brand awareness they have received through the companies marketing communication H 2 Consumers are enough affected of a company?s marketing communication to choose their brand even if the pharmacy employees recommend other brands. H 3 Building brand equity through pharmacies can only be successful if the company has built up a trust for their brand among the pharmacy employees. H 4 Without building brand equity the marketing communication strategy for Ferrosan cannot increase their brand value and create loyalty. Methodology: The research method that was chosen is a detective argumentation that starts from theories and explain different parameters regarding the subject I am concentration on. It is a case study where the companies branding strategy towards pharmacies in Sweden is analyzed bys a mix of semi-structured interviews, documentation analysis and a quantitative research . Theoretical framework: The theoretical model that has been prepared gives me the possibility to analyze different parameters regarding branding that are important when building a brand in an new market.

Bakgrund: Styrelsens sammansättning är en viktig del av ett bolags ledning inte minst sagt inför en börsnotering då uppmärksamheten från omgivningen ökar. Vilka individer är det som då sitter i styrelsen och kan ta sig an ett arbete som inte endast granskas av aktieägarna utan även av omvärlden? Det finns ett flertal teorier som förklarar styrelsers sammansättningar men har varit centrerad på amerikanska och brittiska bolag. Vi kommer i denna studie använda dessa teorier för en förklaring av svenska börsnoterade bolags styrelser istället.Syfte: Vi vill genom vår studie både teoretiskt och empiriskt bidra med en förklaring till styrelsens sammansättning i svenska företag inför en börsnotering.Metod: Vi har utfört en kvantitativ studie med ett deduktivt tillvägagångssätt. Vi har således först sammanställt teori för att få utforma ett väl planerat tillvägagångssätt mot anskaffningen av det empiriska materialet.Resultat: Resultatet av denna studie indikerar ett samband mellan styrelsens sammansättning och vilket livscykelstadium bolaget befinner sig i samt beroende på om ägarna eller VD har den dominerande makten för svenska bolag som står inför en börsnotering.

Private religion is a faith that isn?t practiced in an organised religious community. Many people do not want to accept a religious concept that is already defined. To choose a conception of faith based upon personal preferences fits some modern man better. The purpose of this thesis is to examine if it?s possible to create a personal religion and how such a process looks.

The centre of attention in this essay is on public-private-partnerships in Swedish city planning. It discusses the phenomenon and tries to identify the problems and possibilities that may appear when private and public actors are trying to work together to plan new cities or parts of cities in a process with network structures. The main questions that is asked is ?what vision for the city can we se, and who's vision is it?? together with the question of where the actual power to make the city plan and the vision can be find. The soon-to-be-built area Ulriksdal in Stockholm were Peab AB and Solna Stad stands as main actors has been chosen to illustrate the possible problems and is analysed from different angles, but the writers intention is also to say something on the matter in general.

The aim of this study is to find out if there is any difference between how a state-owned company and a publicly listed private company communicate its sustainability performance in its sustainability report. It also aims to find out if the communication regarding sustainability has changed over time. The poll was conducted in two Swedish companies, Sveaskog AB and AB SCA, operating in the forestry industry and through a quantitative content analysis, the companies' sustainability reports from 2005 and 2010 were examined. To get a result, the reports has been examined by the GRI framework (Global Reporting Initiative) and an assessment of the communication was made based on a scale of 0-3. The results has been evaluated based on stakeholder theory, legitimacy theory and the growing interest in CSR. The analyses found evidence that there is a link between the form of ownership of the company and how it communicates regarding sustainability.

I uppsatsen behandlas styrelsejäv i aktiebolag, som regleras i 8 kap. 20 § ABL. Syftet med uppsatsen är att se vad 8 kap. 20 § ABL omfattar samt hur paragrafen tillämpas och tolkas. Vi arbetar enligt den rättsdogmatiska arbetsmetoden.

The aim of the study was to describe how hygienist`s receiving their certificate during 2003 and 2004, perceive their working situation, salary and impression of their first employment as a registered dental hygienist. A questionnaire was sent out to new dental hygienist`s examined year 2003 and 2004 in Sweden. Most of the new examined dental hygienist`s found the education adequate or more than adequate. A few individuals found it inadequate. The ones finding the education inadequate wanted more clinical practice and more training in administrative work.

Uppsats för avläggande av filosofie kandidatexamen iKulturvård, Bebyggelseantikvariskt program15 hpInstitutionen för kulturvårdGöteborgs universitet2012:08.

The purpose of this study is to perform both a quantitative and language philosophical analysis of the folksono-my and the tags in the Stockholm public library catalogue, which together with the Umeå university folksonomy, and the folksonomy of the Norrköping public library are the only library folksonomies in Sweden.The purpose of the first part of the study is to perform an analysis of the linguistical structure of the tags in the folksonomy. To do this a quantitative analysis has been conducted to grammatically categorize and evaluate tags using a method based on Louise Spiteri?s article ?The structure and form of folksonomy tags: the road to the public library catalogue? and the SAO guidelines. This part of the analysis aims to answer questions like: what characteristics do the tags in the folksonomy have and in what ways do they separate themselves from subject headings in a controlled vocabulary? Tags were here categorized according to grammatical properties like parts of speech and their social and private characteristics.

Inledning: Efter flera redovisningsskandaler bestämde Svensk näringsliv, med flera, att instifta Kollegiet för Svensk Bolagsstyrning som övervakar Koden för Svensk Bolagsstyrning. Bland det viktigaste är bestämmelser angående intern kontroll. Intern kontroll är viktigt för alla bolag och dålig sådan anser många är en orsak till många företagskonkurser. 2005 instiftades denna kod vars krav tvingade noterade bolag att lämna en rapport angående deras IK och att utvärdera sin IK för första gången.Syfte:  Syftet är att undersöka om bolagskodens införande har påverkat bolagens sätt att arbeta med intern kontroll av den finansiella rapporteringen, baserat på intern kontroll rapporterna samt att jämföra bolagen som lyder under enbart Koden med de som även lyder under SOX för att se om det finns en skillnad i hur mycket förändring som har skett under åren 2005-2008.Metod: Undersökningen är en kvalitativ studie med en induktiv ansats. Studien innefattar flera år så att vi kan se en förändring över tiden.

Abstract                ?Due diligence - A resource demanding process?Date:                     June 8th 2012Level:                    Master thesis in business economics, 15 ECTSInstitution:           School of Sustainable development of society and technology, Mälardalen UniversityAuthors:                Erdinc Kirik                                  Pär Matsson                               11th January 1987                      31th May 1985Title:                      Due diligence - A resource demanding processTutor:                     Staffan BoströmKeywords:             Due diligence, the acquisition process, acquisitions, business valuationResearchquestions:              What are the main factors that Bank X, Nordea and Almi is focused on an examination of a due diligence for an acquisition, focusing on private limited companies?Does the approach between the various banks and Almi differ?Purpose:                The purpose of this paper is to create a checklist for private limited companies to use in the context of application for fundingMethod:                 The study was based on a qualitative study, based on primary data in terms of interviews in the subject of due diligence. Secondary data used in the study consisted of relevant literature and scientific articles.Conclusion:            The study showed that the respondents in general focuses on the same areas within Due diligence. The most important point which the respondents agreed on was profitability and repayment capacity. In overall, all elements in a Due diligence process that has an impact on profitability is important to examine.

The aim of this paper was to describe the phenomenon of threats and violence within a Swedish penal institution. The study was thematized according to the three main research questions. These were as follows; The threats and violence prison staff have experienced in their workplace (I) how these experiences affected them in their work performances (II) and in their private life (III). By a qualitative design, in-depth interviews were carried out with four persons who are, or formerly have been, gainfully employed at a penal institution. Concepts from the theory of symbolic interactionism and a theory of human action have been used in the analysing process of this paper.